Problems and prospects of local finance in Italy

Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

A faster algorithm for packing branchings in digraphs

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)We consider the problem of finding an integral (and fractional) packing of branchings in a capacitated digraph with root-set demands. Schrijver described an algorithm that returns a packing with at most m + n(3) + r branchings that makes at most m(m + n3 + r) calls to an oracle that basically computes a minimum cut, where n is the number of vertices, m is the number of arcs and r is the number of root-sets of the input digraph. Leston-Rey and Wakabayashi described an algorithm that returns a packing with at most m + r - 1 branchings but makes a large number of oracle calls. In this work we provide an algorithm, inspired on ideas of Schrijver and in a paper of Gabow and Manu, that returns a packing with at most m+r 1 branchings and makes at most (m+r+2)n oracle calls. Moreover, for the arborescence packing problem our algorithm provides a packing with at most m n + 2 arborescences - thus improving the bound of m of Leston-Rey and Wakabayashi - and makes at most (m - n+5)n oracle calls. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.We consider the problem of finding an integral (and fractional) packing of branchings in a capacitated digraph with root-set demands. Schrijver described an algorithm that returns a packing with at most m + n(3) + r branchings that makes at most m(m + n3194121131CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)CNPq [301310/2005-0]CNPq [473867/2010-9, 477692/2012-5]301310/2005-0; 473867/2010-9; 477692/2012-5Wewould like to thank the reviewers for the careful reading of a previous version of this paper and for several suggestions that improved the presentation of the final version. The first author’s research was supported by Bolsa de Produtividade do CNPq P

Land, Environmental Externalities and Tourism Development

In a two sectors dynamic model we analyze the process of tourism development based on the accumulation of capital (building of tourism facilities) and the reallocation of land from traditional activities to the tourism sector. The model incorporates the conflict between occupation of the territory by the tourism facilities, other productive activities and availability of cultural, natural and environmental assets that are valued by residents and visitors. We characterize the process of tourism development in two settings: the socially optimal solution and a situation where the costs of tourism expansion are external to the decision makers, where externalities on residents as well as intraindustry externalities are considered. Regarding the optimal solution, we show that it is optimal to limit tourism expansion before it reaches its maximum capacity even in a context where the economic attractiveness of tourism relative to other productive sectors rise continuously. However, in this context and when all the costs of tourism development are externalities the only limit to tourism quantitative expansion is its maximum capacity determined by the availability of land. Finally, we show that excessive environmental degradation from the future generations’ point of view is not a problem of discounting the future but rather a problem of externalities that affects negatively the current and future generations.Intertemporal land allocation, Structural economic change, Tourism industry

Las enseñanzas de Don Álvaro

PublishedYo tuve la suerte de conocer y tratar en México al poeta, narrador y pensador Álvaro Mutis (Bogotá, 1923-2013, México), creador de una de las máscaras poéticas más seductoras y de uno de los más célebres personajes narrativos de la literatura contemporánea, Maqroll el Gaviero –quien “no sólo es él, como con tanta facilidad se dice”, Maqroll “somos todos

Comunicación y márketing : ¿convivencia o integración?

En este trabajo se plantea la relación existente entre comunicación y marketing. Se parte de la revisión de los textos clásicos de la teoría del marketing y de las nuevas propuestas en el ámbito de la comunicación empresarial. Se cotejan analizando qué dice cada una acerca del papel que debe desempeñar la comunicación en la empresa. En principio se observa que, en el ámbito académico, existe controversia acerca de qué relación puede establecerse entre estas dos disciplinas. Aunque ambas coinciden en que focalizan su atención en la actividad comercial, no lo hacen de idéntica manera. El marketing se relaciona casi únicamente con el comercio, aunque también puede extenderse a otras actividades como la política. En cambio, la comunicación no se relaciona solo con el mundo de la venta. Su campo de acción es mucho más amplio. Afecta a todas las actividades del ser humano. Entre otras, a la comercial. Y este tipo de relación (exclusiva en el caso del marketing y eventual en el de la comunicación) es la que condiciona la perspectiva que se tiene acerca del papel que la comunicación ha de desempeñar en el mundo de la comercialización.This paper explores the relationship between communication and marketing. The study draws from the revision of the classic texts of marketing theory and the new proposals in the field of business communication. They are compared analyzing what each one says about the role to be played by communication in the company. Initially, at least in academia, there exists a controversy about the type of relationship which can be established between marketing and communication. While they both focus their attention in business, they do not do it identically. Marketing is almost exclusively connected to trade, but it can also connect to other activities like politics. Conversely, communication is not only related to the world of trade. Its scope is much broader. It affects all human activities; among others, the commercial endeavour. This kind of relationship (exclusive in marketing and just occasional in communication) is what determines the perspective we have about the role the media must play in the world of marketing

Regular and chaotic transport of discrete solitons in asymmetric potentials

Ratchet dynamics of topological solitons of the forced and damped discrete double sine-Gordon system are studied. Directed transport occurring both in regular and in chaotic regions of the phase space and its dependence on damping, amplitude, and frequency of the driving, asymmetry parameter, and coupling constant, has been extensively investigated. We show that the passage from ratchet phase-locked regime to chaotic ratchets occurs via a period doubling route to chaos and that, quite surprisingly, pinned states can exist inside phase locking and chaotic transport regions for intermediate values of the coupling constant. The possibility to control chaotic discrete soliton ratchets by means of both small subharmonic signals and more general periodic drivings, has also been investigated.MICINN (Project No. FIS2008-04848)MICINN (Project No. FIS2008-02873

Analytical approach to soliton ratchets in asymmetric potentials

We use soliton perturbation theory and collective coordinate ansatz to investigate the mechanism of soliton ratchets in a driven and damped asymmetric double sine-Gordon equation. We show that, at the second order of the perturbation scheme, the soliton internal vibrations can couple {\it effectively}, in presence of damping, to the motion of the center of mass, giving rise to transport. An analytical expression for the mean velocity of the soliton is derived. The results of our analysis confirm the internal mode mechanism of soliton ratchets proposed in [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 65} 025602(R) (2002)].Comment: 9 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.