Substructured formulations of nonlinear structure problems - influence of the interface condition

We investigate the use of non-overlapping domain decomposition (DD) methods for nonlinear structure problems. The classic techniques would combine a global Newton solver with a linear DD solver for the tangent systems. We propose a framework where we can swap Newton and DD, so that we solve independent nonlinear problems for each substructure and linear condensed interface problems. The objective is to decrease the number of communications between subdomains and to improve parallelism. Depending on the interface condition, we derive several formulations which are not equivalent, contrarily to the linear case. Primal, dual and mixed variants are described and assessed on a simple plasticity problem.Comment: in International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Wiley, 201

Tools to integrate organoleptic quality criteria into breeding programs

This technical booklet provides methodologies and guidance to implement sensory evaluations for organoleptic quality assessment in multi-actor-projects for organic agriculture. It presents five detailed tests that can be used in sensory evaluation, methodologies on how to prepare the samples and a glossary. This booklet has been developed under Solibam project and updated during Diversifood project

Risk Factors for Patellar Luxation in Dogs in the Philippines

A retrospective case-control study was conducted on dogs with patellar luxation who presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Diliman Station-Companion Animal Clinic between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019. There was a total of 73 dogs were diagnosed with patellar luxation. The majority of the dogs presented with limping, and the causes were mostly unknown. Unilateral medial patellar luxation was the most common type (21.92%). The average age of patients with patellar luxation was 3.24 years old. Puppies are 0.03 less likely to be diagnosed with patellar luxation, while juveniles are 3.74 times more likely, and mature adults are 2.19 times more likely to be diagnosed. The affected dogs included intact males (47.95%), neutered males (4.11%), and intact females (47.95%). The average weight of the affected dogs was 8.39 kg and the majority (35.62%) had a body condition score of 5/9. The Pomeranian was the most common breed for patellar luxation, followed by the mixed breed Shih Tzu, Toy Poodle, and Chihuahua. Mixed breeds are 0.39 times less likely, and dogs fed with dry dog food are 0.51 times less likely to develop the condition. Age and breed were also significantly associated with patellar luxation

Calcium phosphate coatings elaborated by the soaking process on titanium dental implants: surface preparation, processing and physical-chemical characterization

Dental implant manufacturers are looking for new surfaces to improve osseointegration. It is accepted that rough metallic implant surfaces promote bone mechanical anchoring and biomechanical fixation. In addition, calcium phosphate coatings favor both bone healing and apposition on implants and improve bone bonding properties. Among all the available techniques, the soaking process seems particularly attractive because of its simplicity and ability in producing a versatile bioactive coating at low temperature. The objective of the present study is to improve the titanium implant surface roughness and chemistry by optimizing the surface preparation and the soaking process parameters to produce a bioactive and adherent calcium phosphate coating. Titanium samples were sandblasted with alumina particles and acid etched to obtain a surface with an average roughness between 1.4 and 1.8 μm and micro-porosities created by the acid etching. A high surface wettability was also achieved. Moreover, acid etching favors the removal of alumina particles inlaid in the titanium substrate by sandblasting. Coatings were realized by an alternate soaking process including a centrifugation step to create a phosphate solution thin film on the implant that can afterwards react with the calcium contained in the second bath to form a CaP coating. We showed that this centrifugation step is critical and determines the coating formation, coverage and thickness. A thin covering coating (~ 2 μm) composed of apatite analogous to bone mineral was deposited. The adhesion of coating to the substrate was assessed by a pragmatic and convenient screwing/unscrewing test of the coated implant in an artificial jawbone

Inria-ALMAnaCH at the WMT 2022 shared task: Does Transcription Help Cross-Script Machine Translation?

International audienceThis paper describes the Inria ALMAnaCH team submission to the WMT 2022 general translation shared task. Participating in the language directions {cs,ru,uk}→en and cs↔uk, we experiment with the use of a dedicated Latin-script transcription convention aimed at representing all Slavic languages involved in a way that maximises character-and word-level correspondences between them as well as with the English language. Our hypothesis was that bringing the source and target language closer could have a positive impact on machine translation results. We provide multiple comparisons, including bilingual and multilingual baselines, with and without transcription. Initial results indicate that the transcription strategy was not successful, resulting in lower results than baselines. We nevertheless submitted our multilingual, transcribed models as our primary systems, and in this paper provide some indications as to why we got these negative results

Innovations et gouvernance territoriale : une analyse par les dispositifs

Cette communication vise à présenter les outils méthodologiques d'analyse/évaluation de la gouvernance territoriale élaborés dans le cadre du projet de recherche PSDR Gouv.Innov sur les innovations organisationnelles relatives à la gouvernance territoriale. Il s'agit d'étudier les transformations introduites par les politiques de développement durable au niveau des dispositifs de gouvernance territoriale visant à favoriser une gestion intégrée des espaces ruraux. Dans un contexte de recomposition de l'action publique où les procédures d'aménagement sont plutôt normées par des représentations urbaines, l'accent est mis sur la question des modalités de représentation des activités rurales, pour lesquelles nous faisons l'hypothèse qu'elles sont sous représentées. Les premiers résultats méthodologiques permettent, dans une première partie, de proposer une définition générique et pragmatique de la gouvernance territoriale et de préciser la notion de dispositifs de gouvernance comme objet d'observation. A partir de cette définition une grille d'analyse permettant d'appréhender l'ensemble des dimensions en jeu dans les processus de gouvernance territoriale est élaboré. Dans la deuxième partie nous explorons l'intérêt de la notion de dispositif pour observer les processus de gouvernance et proposons une grille de collecte et de structuration des informations pour constituer des chroniques des dispositifs étudiés.(Résumé d'auteur

Study: An Assessment of Citizens' Exposure to Tobacco Marketing

This report provides the European Commission with a comprehensive overview of channels through which EU citizens, and in particular young people, are exposed to the marketing of tobacco products and e-cigarettes. The study investigates the reality of tobacco advertising and marketing in a representative sample of EU Member States. The detailed evidence provided in this report will shed light on how current EU- and national- level regulation of tobacco and e-cigarette advertising is working in practice. Exposure is measured both by looking at actual advertising spend, what advertising activity is occurring in different channels and looking at what advertising citizens recall, as measured through a citizens' survey. These are complemented by a survey of national experts and a review of secondary data. We examine exposure to advertising through a wide range of channels including print, outdoor, TV and radio, online, sponsorship and corporate social responsibility. Strategies for selling tobacco at point of sale are also assessed, including a review of the different kind of retailers, such as specialised retailers (tobacconists), retail outlets (including supermarkets) and vending machines. Where information exists, we assess the extent to which young people in particular are exposed to this marketing.The report takes into account the regulatory context at EU and national levels, given that certain forms of advertising (e.g. billboards, point of sale) are still allowed in some Member States. The report covers the following work packages: Work package 1: Overview of advertising strategies Work package 2: Printed media Work package 3: Internet and mobile applications Work package 4: Billboards, posters and other types of advertising outside the home Work package 5: TV and radio (electronic cigarettes) and product placement (all products) Work package 6: Points of sale, sample, giveaways and promotional items Work package 7: Sponsoring, corporate responsibility, brand stretching and imitation products Work package 8: Compilation of the key forms of advertising, promoting and sponsorship that EU citizens are exposed to. Consortium Partners: Burson-Marsteller; Smoke Free Partnership Expert Subcontractors: University of Stirling; VVA Europ

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

IMPACTO DA SUPERFÍCIE DO IMPLANTE NA ESTABILIDADE INICIAL E A LONGO PRAZO: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA

O objetivo do presente estudo é revisar e comparar os impactos das diferentes superfícies dos implantes foi alcançado, proporcionando uma visão abrangente sobre como essas modificações podem influenciar a estabilidade e o sucesso do tratamento implantodôntico. Bases de dados eletrônicas, como PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, foram consultadas para obter artigos publicados. Em conclusão, o manejo avançado do trauma facial na prática bucomaxilofacial é uma disciplina dinâmica e desafiadora, permeada por contínuos avanços tecnológicos e clínicos. Em conclusão, os resultados desta análise destacam a importância crítica da superfície do implante na estabilidade inicial e a longo prazo. Implantes com superfícies tratadas, especialmente aqueles com rugosidade aumentada e características bioativas, demonstram uma melhor performance em termos de osseointegração e manutenção óssea. A aplicação de tecnologias avançadas de modificação de superfície promete continuar melhorando os resultados dos implantes dentários, beneficiando tanto os pacientes quanto os profissionais de odontologia