4 research outputs found
Crossed fused renal ectopia: a report of twelve cases at a tertiary health centre and literature review
Crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE), second most common renal fusion anomaly of the kidney. These patients were mostly asymptomatic and present with complaints due to associated conditions. The management of these conditions was complicated not only by the approach to be picked, but also by the investigation to be performed. The following study was done at a tertiary care centre, with the duration of this study being from January 2019 to April 2021. A total of twelve patients with CFRE required surgical intervention for their symptoms during this period. As a routine history, routine investigations and ultrasound (US) of the abdomen and pelvis was followed for all the patients. Other imaging modalities were opted on case to case basis. Out of n=12 patients of CFRE with fusion who underwent surgical intervention, majority were male patients (n=10). The most common symptom was abdominal pain (n=9). The most common crossed renal ectopia was the left to right fusion (n=7), as compared to right to left CRE (n=5). The most common fusion anomaly was L-shaped (n=8). The endourological procedures (n=6), laparoscopic procedures (n=2) while open procedures (n=4). It is important for a urologist to bear in mind the various presentations of this less known anomaly with diverse presentations. We have highlighted the investigations used at our center which would help plan further treatment and surgical approach in such patient in view of complex renal as well as vascular anatomy. Â
Urinary bladder paraganglioma: a clinical dilemma in diagnosis and management: our experience at a tertiary care center
Urinary bladder paraganglioma (UBP) are rare neuroendocrine tumors with variable biological behavior. High index of suspicion in the preoperative evaluation would enable the clinician to formulate appropriate management of the rare tumors. Clinical and pathological data of seven cases evaluated and treated as per a devised protocol for suspected bladder paraganglioma from 2008 to 2019 was retrospectively reviewed. Among the seven cases, UBP’s were predominantly seen in middle aged men. Most of these presented with storage symptoms (85.71%; n=7) and gross painless hematuria (42.85%; n=3). Three patients were hypertensives and post-micturition syncope was seen in two patients. Among the seven patients two patients had functionally active tumors confirmed by elevated urinary and serum markers for catecholamine excess. Functional tumors, nonfunctional tumors involving uretero-vesical junction or broad based polypoidal tumor were considered for partial cystectomy. Other small nonfunctional tumors underwent trans-urethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). Follow up protocol included repeat ultrasound, check cystoscopy and completion TURBT at one month and annually thereafter. Repeat urinary catecholamines at 1 month was done in functional UBP. Cystoscopic examination of a bladder lesion which are solid, sessile and predominantly intramural, a prior to a definitive planned surgery may differentiate UBP from urothelial cancer. Most of the non-functional UPB are diagnosed by histopathological examination. In symptomatic cases, functional evaluation with biochemical estimation of catecholamine excess allow better treatment planning and avoiding intraoperative hemodynamic instability. Due to high recurrence rate life-long follow-up despite complete excision is strongly recommended
Patient-reported outcome measures using modified urethral stricture surgery: Patient-reported outcome measure for direct visual internal urethrotomy and nontransecting urethroplasty for short nontraumatic bulbar urethral stricture - A prospective comparative observational study from a university teaching hospital
Purpose: To evaluate the patient-reported outcomes of primary direct visual internal urethrotomy (DVIU) and nontransecting bulbar urethroplasty techniques (NTBU) for the short segment (<2 cm) nontraumatic bulbar urethral stricture using the modified urethral stricture surgery patient-reported outcome measures (USS PROMs). Materials and Methods: The USS PROM questionnaire used to evaluate lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) was modified by adding a six-item International Index of Erectile Function and a four-item version of MSHQ-EjD to evaluate erectile and ejaculatory domains. All cases of short nontraumatic bulbar urethral stricture who underwent primary DVIU and NTBU who consented were asked to fill the modified PROM at initial evaluation, at 6 months, and at 1 year. Results: The LUTS score for NTBU at 12 months is significantly better (1.93 +/- 2.13 vs. 8.76 +/- 5.92, P = 0.000). The Peeling score of the NTBU is significantly better at 12 months (1.41 +/- 0.68 vs. 2.67 +/- 0.73, P = 0.000). The erectile function score at 12 months for NTBU is better than DVIU (24.37 +/- 3.2 vs. 21.143 +/- 2.86, P = 0.001). The Ejaculatory function score at 6 months and 12 months is significantly better for the NTBU. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) AND Odd's Ratio analysis for analyzing patient satisfaction showed erectile function (area under ROC [AUROC] - 0.889, P < 0.001), ejaculatory function (AUROC - 0.957, P < 0.001) at 1 year and maximum flow rate of urine on uroflometry (Qmax) (AUROC - 0.928, P < 0.001) at 6 months and (AUROC - 1.000, P < 0.001) at 1 year. The overall satisfaction rates in patients undergoing NTBU is 96.5%. Conclusion: NTBU shows superior outcomes in almost all domains of USS-PROM with better overall satisfaction rates. Improvement of sexual function domain, followed by the LUTS domain was the best predictor of overall patient satisfaction and improvement in the quality of life at 1 year
Outcomes and Complications from a Randomized Controlled Study Comparing Conventional Stent Placement Versus No Stent Placement after Ureteroscopy for Distal Ureteric Calculus < 1 cm
Ureteric stent insertion following ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) is a common and widely accepted procedure. However, there is no agreement on whether a ureteric stent should be placed following an uncomplicated URSL. Furthermore, the definition of uncomplicated URSL remains debatable. To compare the efficacy, safety, and morbidity of no stent placement with the conventional stent placement after uncomplicated retrograde semirigid URS for a distal ureteric calculus of size ≤1 cm, we compared the corresponding complication rates, emergency visits, secondary interventions, and pain at follow-up. Following an uncomplicated ureteroscopic lithotripsy, 104 patients were randomized into the conventional stented group (CSG) and nonstented group (NSG). Lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual function were evaluated using validated questionnaires (IPSS + IIEF-5 + MSHQ-EjD/FSFI) preoperatively and at 4 weeks during follow-up. Pain scores at follow-up were recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients who visited the emergency room or needed secondary interventions before the recommended follow-up time were noted. The Generalized Estimating Equations method was used to explore the difference in change in the domains of IPSS, IIEF-5, MSHQ-EjD, and FSFI between the two groups over time. A significant difference was noted in the following IPSS domains: Frequency, Urgency, Nocturia, Storage Symptoms, Total IPSS Score (p ≤ 0.001), and QoL (p = 0.002); IIEF-5 domains: Overall Score (p = 0.004); MSHQ-EjD domains: Ejaculation Bother/Satisfaction (p ≤ 0.001); and FSFI domains: Lubrication (p ≤ 0.001), Satisfaction (p = 0.006), and Overall Score (p = 0.004). There was no significant difference between the various groups in terms of distribution of emergency visits, readmission and secondary interventions, pain at follow-up (VAS), and need for long-term analgesia. Nonplacement of stents after uncomplicated URS decreases stent-related symptoms and preserves QoL without placing the patient under increased postoperative risk