ABOUT THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS OF OSTEOSYNTHESIS SYSTEMS

Implantology is based on the failure of orthopedic treatment, or cases where orthopedic treatment is incapable of reducing or maintaining, for example, fracture of the femoral neck with movement. The advantage of centromedular fixation is that it allows the bone to physically load as much as possible, minimizing the risk of implant failure. The drawbacks of conventional nails have been eliminated with the introduction of the centromedular stem locking system. The purpose of this study was to obtain several virtual biomechanical systems on which to study several types of tibial fractures and several osteosynthesis systems. Starting from the tomographic images of the tibia, a virtual model of this bone component was developed. This model was "finalized" and modified using certain Geomagic techniques and then imported into SolidWorks. The osteosynthesis element used was the rigid classical nail with orthopedic screws which was modeled using the direct observation and measurement method. It is intended that these virtual components to be used to make orthopedic virtual osteosynthesis systems that are then analyzed in Ansys with the finite element method

THE MODEL OF A PROSTHETIC SYSTEM FOR HUMAN KNEE JOINT

Obesity, sedentarism, and other disadvantages of the modern age have led to the emergence of unknown pathological situations a few centuries before. At the same time, the development of medicine, orthopaedic surgery has led to finding ways to solve these situations. The present paper proves that the use of high-tech methods used in engineering can generate solutions in the field of orthopaedics both for obtaining new prothesis models, but also by creating virtual environments for tests. Several CAD techniques and techniques have been explored, coupled with medical imaging, can provide exciting solutions for obtaining virtual environments that can allow "in vitro" analysis of various normal, pathological or prosthetic joints. In this paper we have detailed how to obtain a prosthetic knee joint in a parameterized environment. This joint was tested virtually. In the final of the paper, main conclusions were made

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF A HIP PROSTHESIS

Serious pathological problems of the hip joint can be solved surgically, in some cases by joint prosthesis. For this reason, it is very important to be able to shape, in a first phase, the components of the prosthesis, which can then be tested virtually. For this purpose, the components of the prosthesis with fixation pins were firstly scanned three-dimensionally. This operation resulted in a model of a "cloud of points" which was subsequently transformed into virtual surfaces, then into virtual solids. These virtually solid components were assembled in a parameterized virtual environment. This prosthesis can be inserted into a biomechanical model of the hip joint and tested using the finite element method. At the end of the paper important conclusions were drawn

Pregnancy Outcomes, Immunophenotyping and Immunohistochemical Findings in a Cohort of Pregnant Patients with COVID-19—A Prospective Study

(1) Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy could determine important maternal and fetal complications. We aimed to prospectively assess placental immunohistochemical changes, immunophenotyping alterations, and pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of patients with COVID-19; (2) Methods: 52 pregnant patients admitted to a tertiary maternity center between October 2020 and November 2021 were segregated into two equal groups, depending on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood samples, fragments of umbilical cord, amniotic membranes, and placental along with clinical data were collected. Descriptive statistics and a conditional logistic regression model were used for data analysis; (3) Results: Adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm labor and neonatal intensive care unit admission did not significantly differ between groups. The immunophenotyping analysis indicated that patients with moderate–severe forms of COVID-19 had a significantly reduced population of T lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells (only numeric), CD4+/CD8+ index, B lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. Our immunohistochemistry analysis of tissue samples failed to demonstrate positivity for CD19, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD56 markers; (4) Conclusions: Immunophenotyping analysis could be useful for risk stratification of pregnant patients, while further studies are needed to determine the extent of immunological decidual response in patients with various forms of COVID-19