Geometrical modelling and numerical analysis of thermal behaviour of textile structures

The thermal properties of fabric are an important factor in the understanding of the thermo-physiological comfort of clothing. The principal aim of this research was to develop novel numerical methods, Graphical User Interface (GUI) plug-ins and experimental setup to evaluate the effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of different textile structures which has significant impact on the thermal comfort of clothing. The numerical methods also include the analysis of the effect of fibre orientation, thermal anisotropy of fibre, temperature dependent thermal conductivity and fibre volume fraction on the effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of textile fabrics. The research covers the development of geometrical models of woven, knitted, nonwoven and the composites fabric structures, evaluation of their thermal properties by using finite element method, creation of user friendly plug-ins and the extended application tools. Micro and mesoscopic scale modelling approaches were used to investigate the effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of textile structures. Various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, x-ray microtomography and experimental method have been adopted to obtain the actual 3D dimensional parameters of the fabrics for finite element analysis. Research revealed that, the thermal anisotropy of fibres, fibres material orientation and temperature dependent thermal conductivity of fibre have significant impact on the effective thermal conductivity of fabrics because experimental and simulated results were highly correlated with the consideration of above mentioned factors. In addition a unique technique has been developed in modelling fabric coated by microencapsulated phase change material for temperature stable textile and clothing system. User friendly GUI plug-ins have been developed to generate both microscopic and mesoscopic scale models for finite element analysis. The plug-ins were developed by using Abaqus/CAE as a platform. The GUI Plug-ins enable automatic model generation and property analysis of knitted fabrics and composites. Apart from finite element analysis of various fabric structures, an experimental device has been developed for testing thermal conductivity of fabrics which is capable of testing small sample size within very short period of time. The device was validated by commercial available apparatus for testing of fabric thermal conductivity

Computational analysis of effective thermal conductivity of microencapsulated phase change material coated composite fabrics

Microencapsulated phase change materials have been widely used as filler material to develop thermoregulating textile composites. Phase change material has unique property of latent heat that can absorb and release energy over constant temperature range. In this work a method is developed to predict the effective thermal conductivity of microencapsulated phase change material coated composite woven fabrics via finite element analysis. For this purpose unit cell of microencapsulated phase change materials as coated material and woven fabrics were developed and analysed by applying different boundary conditions. Validation of the models was carried out on the basis of strong correlation in effective thermal conductivity values of the microencapsulated phase change materials coated composite fabrics between experimental results and the predicted results from post-processing calculation by finite element method. </jats:p

Cyber Third-Party Risk Management: A Comparison of Non-Intrusive Risk Scoring Reports

Cybersecurity is a concern for organizations in this era. However, strengthening the security of an organization’s internal network may not be sufficient since modern organizations depend on third parties, and these dependencies may open new attack paths to cybercriminals. Cyber Third-Party Risk Management (C-TPRM) is a relatively new concept in the business world. All vendors or partners possess a potential security vulnerability and threat. Even if an organization has the best cybersecurity practice, its data, customers, and reputation may be at risk because of a third party. Organizations seek effective and efficient methods to assess their partners’ cybersecurity risks. In addition to intrusive methods to assess an organization’s cybersecurity risks, such as penetration testing, non-intrusive methods are emerging to conduct C-TPRM more easily by synthesizing the publicly available information without requiring any involvement of the subject organization. In this study, the existing methods for C-TPRM built by different companies are presented and compared to discover the commonly used indicators and criteria for the assessments. Additionally, the results of different methods assessing the cybersecurity risks of a specific organization were compared to examine reliability and consistency. The results showed that even if there is a similarity among the results, the provided security scores do not entirely converge

EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW CHEMISTRY INSECTICIDES AGAINST BACTROCERA ZONATA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

Fruit fly is quarantine pest so infested fruit and vegetables restricted to export. Citrus fruit is important fruit crop in Pakistan which exports to other countries. Large numbers of insect pest are attacked to Citrus fruit in which fruit fly is one of most major pests now days in Pakistan. Fruit fly has short life cycle, high fecundity, and wide host ranges that why difficult to control. The present study was carried to check the efficacy of new chemistry insecticides against Bactrocera zonata and their behavior in Citrus fruits. Fruit fly was collected from different fruit orchards and brought them into the laboratory. Fruit fly colony was maintained in the plastic jars to developed large population which need in the bioassay study. To check the efficacy of new chemistry insecticides, bottle and leaf dip method was used. Result demonstrated that maximum percentage mortality (50.00±2.88, 53.33±4.40 and 60.00±2.88) was recorded in trichlorfon treated bottle with 16 ppm concentration n after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h exposure of insecticides, respectively. Trichlorfon was the most effective insecticide to control fruit fly in both bottle and leaf dip method at 16 ppm dose while Emmamectin benzoate and spinosad were also effective as compared to others. Feedings behavior was more affected by trichlorfon treated plants as compared to remaining. Hence, it can be concluded that trichlorfon was efficient insecticides to control fruit fly in Citrus

Geometrical modelling and thermal analysis of nonwoven fabrics

Nonwoven fabric can be produced for thermal insulation. It has low fibre volume fraction. Thermal insulation property of fibrous materials depends on not only the thermal conductivity of fibre but also the entrapped static air. If fibre volume fraction is low in fibrous assembly it means that more air in the volume, therefore, the insulation property of the fabric increases, or vice versa. In this research thermal bonded nonwoven fabrics were used to analyse the heat transfer phenomena and predict the effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance by using finite element method. Finite element models of nonwoven fabrics were created by two techniques: 3D reconstruction and solid modelling. For validation purpose, the effective thermal conductivity results obtained from an in-house developed instrument were compared with predicted results from the developed finite element models. Furthermore, this research work also contains an investigation of the effect of fibre volume fraction and thermal conductivity of fibre on the overall heat transfer of nonwoven structures. </jats:p

Assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of students regarding Ebola virus disease outbreak

Background - The emergence and spread of Ebola outbreak is a growing problem worldwide, which represents a significant threat to public health. Evidence has shown that the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of people in the society play major roles in controlling the spread of Ebola virus disease. This study was designed to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of students at School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences towards Ebola. Methods - A cross-sectional survey was performed in Tehran, Iran in 2014 using a pretested self-administered questionnaire on a stratified sample of 400 students. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were used for statistical analysis. Results - All-in-all, 385 students returned the completed questionnaires making a response rate of 96.3%., 239 (62.2%) were females and 145 (37.8%) were males. The mean age of female and males were 28.44 and 30.3 years respectively. Of the 385 students, 83 (21.7%) were studying at PhD level, 210 (55.0%) at Masters Level (including MPH) and 89 (23.3%) at Bachelors level. knowledge of the students regarding EVD transmission was lowest among students of Department of Occupational Health (50.0%), followed by Health Education and Promotion Department (33.3%). Virology Department recorded the highest percentage of students who had selected correct answers regarding EVD prevention (100.0%) Conclusion - These findings will aid in the assessment of the adequacy of current students’ educational curriculum. Also, it will provide further insight in designing future multifaceted interventions to promote specific messages to change attitude and improve practice