Bacterial Leakage of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Calcium-Enriched Mixture and Biodentine as Furcation Perforation Repair Materials in Primary Molars

Introduction: Adequate seal of iatrogenically perforated area within the root canal system can improve the long term treatment prognosis. This in vitro study evaluated the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement and Biodentine in repair of furcation perforation in primary molars. Methods and Materials: A total of 61 freshly extracted primary mandibular second molars were randomly divided into three groups (n=17) and 10 teeth were put in negative (without perforation, n=5) and positive (perforated without repair, n=5) control groups. Turbidity was used as the criteria of bacterial leakage, when detected in the model of dual-chamber leakage. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis in SPSS software. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: All positive samples showed turbidity, whereas none of the negative samples allowed bacterial leakage. There was no significant difference between the number of turbidity samples in repaired teeth with all test materials (P=0.13). No significant difference was also detected in the mean survival time (P>0.05). Conclusion: CEM cement and Biodentine showed promising results as perforation repair materials and can be recommended as suitable alternatives of MTA for repair of furcation perforation of primary molars.Keywords: Biodentine; Biomaterial; Calcium-Enriched Mixture; Furcation Perforation; Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; Perforation Repair; Sealabilit

Oral and Dental Laser Treatments for Children: Applications, Advantages and Considerations

It is of utmost importance to make children interested in and willing to use dental services in order to prevent and treat oral diseases. Therefore, pediatric dental practitioners need to learn new technologies such as lasers, in addition to basic principles. Lasers have opened new horizons in the treatment of both soft and hard oral tissue problems in children. The present article describes application of the most commonly used lasers and their advantages and considerations

Vinyltriphenylphosphonium salt-mediated preparation of thiophene-containing electron-poor alkenes from acetylenic esters, 2-thienylmethanol and triphenylphosphine

Protonation of the highly reactive 1:1 intermediates, produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and alkyl acetylenecarboxylates (methyl acetylenecarboxylate, ethyl acetylenecarboxylate and ethyl phenylacetylenecarboxylate) by 2-thienylmethanol leads to vinyltriphenylphosphonium salts, which undergo an addition-elimination reaction in CH2Cl2 at room temperature to produce the corresponding O-vinylated alkenes via thiophene-containing phosphorus ylides intermediates in fairly high yields. The structural analysis of all products indicated that the reactions are regio- and stereoselective.KEY WORDS: 2-Thienylmethanol, Acetylenic ester, Vinyltriphenylphosphonium salt, O-Vinylation, Michael additionBull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2011, 25(1), 91-96

The Perspective of Fifth and Sixth Year Dental Students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences about Practical Training and Related Factors

Background & Objective: Considering student input is a key component of dental education process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the last two years students’ perspectives about practical training at Zahedan Dental School, Iran, and related factors in the academic year 2011-12. Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 108 fifth and sixth semester students of Zahedan Dental School participated who were selected by census method. The modified clinical education instructional quality questionnaire (with confirmed validity and reliability) was distributed among students at the second half of all courses in first semester of 2011-12 academic year and each of students recorded his or her own perspective about the presented educational department. The questionnaire consisted of clinical learning opportunities, learned practical activities and interaction with clinical instructors. The minimum and maximum scores of each part and the total questionnaire were 1 and 5 respectively. Mean scores were calculated based on the Likert scale rating. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and independent samples test at the significant level 0.05. Results: The mean total students’ perspective score was 3.48 ± 0.87 of the maximum of 5. The highest mean perspective scores belonged to interaction with clinical instructors and clinical learning opportunities respectively. The mean of total perspective score of fifth-year students was significantly higher than that of the sixth-year students (P = 0.032). There was also significant differences in mean total score of students’ perspective in respect to age, gender and grade point average (GPA) (P = 0.048, P = 0.040 and P =0.037, respectively). Conclusion: Students reported practical training as relatively favorable. Students’ perspectives also determined the weakness and strength points of practical training. Keywords Dental school Practical education Students’ perspective Academic yea

Efficient one-pot, four-component synthesis of N,N-dibenzyl-N-{1-[5-(3-aryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]cyclobutyl}amine derivatives from the reaction of (isocyanoimino)triphenylphosphorane, dibenzylamine, an aromatic carboxylic acid and cyclobutanone

Four-component reaction of cyclobutanone, dibenzylamine and (Nisocyanimino) triphenylphosphorane in the presence of aromatic carboxylic acids proceed smoothly at room temperature and under neutral conditions to afford N,N-dibenzyl-N-{1-[5-(3-aryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]cyclobutyl}amine derivatives in high yields

The Prophylactic Effects of Zintoma and Ibuprofen on Post-endodontic Pain of Molars with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Post endodontic pain is often linked to the inflammatory process as well as additional central mechanisms. The purpose of the present double-blind randomized clinical trial study was to compare the prophylactic effects of a derivative of Zingiber Officinale, Zintoma, and Ibuprofen on post endodontic pain of molars with irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods: The post endodontic pain of 72 enrolled patients suffering from irreversible pulpitis was assessed after prophylactic use of 400 mg Ibuprofen, 2 gr Zintoma and placebo. Using the Heft-Parker Visual Analogue Scale, the patients recorded their perceived pain before taking the medicament (baseline), immediately after and also at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post one-visit endodontic treatment. The statistical analysis was done using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Freedman tests (P<0.05). Results: At all times, there was significant difference between the Ibuprofen and Zintoma (P<0.05) and also between the Ibuprofen and placebo (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between Zintoma and the placebo in any of time intervals (P>0.05). No side effects were observed. Conclusion: The obtained results of the trial revealed that prophylactic use of 2 gr Zintoma is not an effective pain relieving agent

Dental Environmental Stress among Clinical Dentistry Students in Zahedan School of Dentistry

Introduction: Studying dentistry is associated with high levels of stress. The aim of this study was to compare dental environmental stress among clinical dentistry students of Zahedan in terms of some demographic variables within different years. Methods: In this cross–sectional study, 177 clinical students of Zahedan Dental School were selected through census. A demographic data form, modified dental environmental stress questionnaire (validity and reliability confirmed), along with general health questionnaire were distributed among students in the first semester of 2012-13 academic years. Then based on a four-point Likert scale, averages of scores were calculated. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, Independent Samples Test, and Pearson Correlation. Results: The mean score of stress was 2.38±0.44 of the maximum of 4 and no significant difference was observed in mean score of stress for students in different years of study (P=0.057). Significant statistical differences were found in mean score of stress based on different variables of gender, age, track of university entrance, career choice decision (dentistry), and first choice of admission (P<0.05). Mean score of stress showed a significant correlation with GPA and general health (P0.05). Conclusion: The findings reveal the need to reduce stress especially among female students, students younger than 25 years, students with a high GPA and continous track of university entrance. Students who chose dentistry due to parental pressure as well as students whose first choice of admission was not dentistry, and students with higher general health require attention in this field

Effect of tooth preparation on microleakage of stainless steel crowns placed on primary mandibular first molars with reduced mesiodistal dimension.

Incomplete adaptation of stainless steel crown margins leads to microleakage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tooth preparation on microleakage of stainless steel crowns (SSCs) placed on mesiodistally reduced primary mandibular first molars.In this In vitro study, 60 primary mandibular first molars with reduced mesiodistal dimension were selected. Pulp cavities were filled with amalgam and occlusal surfaces were reduced. The samples were randomly divided into two groups (groups P and BLP). Standard preparation was done in group P with only proximal reduction. In group BLP, after reducing the proximal undercuts, buccal and lingual surfaces were slightly reduced. Occlusal one-third of the buccal surfaces was beveled in both groups. Then, the SSCs of the primary maxillary and mandibular first molars were fitted and cemented in P and BLP groups, respectively. After immersing the samples into deionized water, thermo-cycling, and immersion in 2% basic fuchsin, the samples were sectioned buccolingually. The mesial halves were evaluated microscopically for microleakage in both buccal and lingual margins. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test in SPSS 19 at the significant level of 0.05.There was a significant difference in microleakage of the buccal margin (P=0.003); whereas, the difference observed in the lingual margin was not significant (P=0.54).We suggest reduction of buccal and lingual surfaces of mesiodistally reduced primary mandibular first molars and placing lower (mandibular) crowns

Dental Students’ Preference with regard to Tactile or Visual Determination of Injection Site for an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Children: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial

Objectives: Instruction of local anesthesia injection in an important part of dental education curricula. This study was performed to compare dental students’ preference with regard to tactile or visual determination of injection site for an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in children. Materials and Methods: This crossover randomized clinical trial was conducted on dental students of Zahedan Dental School who took the first practical course of pediatric dentistry in the first academic semester of 2013-14 (n=42). They were randomly divided into two groups. During the first phase, group I was instructed to find the needle insertion point for an IANB via tactile method and group II was instructed to do it visually. In the second phase, the groups received instructions for the alternate technique. Both instructions were done using live demonstrations by the same instructor and immediately after instruction the learners practiced an IANB using the taught method. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was then filled out by the students. The preference score was determined by calculating the mean of item scores. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon Singed Rank tests in SPSS 19 at P=0.05 level of significance. Results: Thirty-eight students completed the study. By using the visual method to perform an IANB, students gained a significantly higher mean preference score (P=0.020). There was a significant difference in the preference of male students (P=0.008). Conclusions: Instruction of IANB by visual identification of needle insertion point is more desirable by students.