Sobrepeso, obesidad y riesgo cardiovascular en la transición menopáusica

Introduction: the hormonal decline that is characteristic of the menopause, in conjunction with the associated weight gain, is considered a determinant factor of cardiovascular risk. Objetive: to examine weight status in relation to clinical symptoms during the menopausal transition, in women referred from primary care to an endocrinology specialist, to determine potential cardiovascular risk profiles. Method: observational analytic cross-sectional study, conducted with data from medical records created at time of referral. Study population: 805 women aged 40 years or older, a sufficient number of subjects and medical records for cardiovascular risk to be estimated. Results: hierarchic cluster analysis distinguished four clusters. The prevalence of obesity in each one exceeded 60%. The highest mean cardiovascular risk was observed in women who were older and presented obesity and hypertension. In younger age groups, the risk was low, rising to levels similar to those of the older women by the age of 65 years. Conclusion: these results suggest that preventive and therapeutic monitoring of obesity and modifiable risk factors should be conducted during the menopausal transition, to reduce the risk attributable to these factors, a risk that increases with time.Introducción: el declive hormonal característico de la menopausia, junto al aumento ponderal añadido, está considerado como un factor determinante de riesgo cardiovascular. Propósito: examinar la situación ponderal en relación con la sintomatología clínica, durante la transición menopáusica, en mujeres derivadas desde atención primaria a la especialidad de endocrinología, para describir los posibles perfiles de riesgo cardiovascular. Método: se realizó un diseño observacional, analítico, de corte transversal, con los datos registrados en las historias clínicas en el momento de la derivación. 805 mujeres con 40 y más años de edad disponían de los registros necesarios para la estimación del riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados: la agrupación jerárquica distingue cuatro grupos. La frecuencia de obesidad en todos ellos superó el 60%, observándose los mayores promedios de riesgo cardiovascular en las mujeres de mayor edad y elevada frecuencia de obesidad e hipertensión arterial. En los grupos de menor edad, la estimación del riesgo fue baja, incrementándose hasta niveles similares a los de mayor edad, al proyectarlo a 65 años. Conclusión: estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de un seguimiento preventivo y terapéutico de la obesidad y los factores de riesgo modificables durante la transición menopáusica, para reducir el riesgo atribuible a dichos factores con el paso de los años

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en una población de gestantes sanas tras un programa de actividad física en el medio acuático (PAFMAE)

El ejercicio físico moderado aporta beneficios a la mujer gestante durante el embarazo. La finalidad de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto sobre la calidad de vida de un programa de actividad física en el medio acuático, de seis semanas de duración, en mujeres gestantes sanas. Al finalizar el programa de actividad física se constató como el mismo actuó positivamente sobre las siguientes dimensiones, cuyos valores de la media fueron: percepción de Dolor Corporal (DC) antes 66,1 y después 68,4 percepción de Salud General (SG) antes 81,3 y después 83,6, Rol Emocional (RE) antes 89,0 y después 93,5 y Salud Mental (SM) 80,7 antes y 84,2 después. La práctica de un programa de actividad física en el medio acuático para embarazadas sanas brinda beneficios relacionados con la percepción de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud.Moderate physical exercise brings benefits to pregnant women during pregnancy. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect on the quality of life of a six-week aquatic physical activity program in healthy pregnant women. At the end of the physical activity program, it was clearly established that it acted positively on the following dimensions whose mean values were: perception of Body Pain (BP) before 66.1 and after 68.4 perception of General Health (GH) before 81.3 and then 83.6, Emotional Role (ER) before 89.0 and Then 93.5 and Mental Health (MH) 80.7 before and 84.2 after. The practice of a program of physical activity in the aquatic environment for pregnant women provides benefits related to the perception of health-related quality of life

Dietary modifications engaged in young muslims of Ramadan fasting

La práctica del precepto islámico del Ramadán (R), impone a las personas que lo practican importantes modificaciones fisiológicas y psicológicas debido a las restricciones hídricas y dietéticas a las que se ven sometidos, lo que tiene una especial repercusión en el rendimiento físico e intelectual de los estudiantes musulmanes, particularmente en sociedades multiculturales de tipo occidental, en las que no se producen ajustes horarios, en las actividades diarias. Entre las modificaciones introducidas en los hábitos de vida, por esta causa, destacan los cambios dietéticos, tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos. Por la relevancia de la cuestión y ante el escaso conocimiento de los efectos del Ramadán en estudiantes adolescentes que viven en sociedades no islámicas, se plantea como objetivo de este estudio, el análisis de las modificaciones en macronutrientes, ocurridas durante el R, en un grupo de alumnos musulmanes de ambos sexos, con el fin de solucionar y prevenir algunos de los problemas que se plantean en este periodo. Material y método: Se seleccionaron 55 jóvenes musulmanes (24 hombres y 31 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 18 años, que realizan el R y se analizó la dieta mediante inventario de 3 días, una semana antes del ayuno y en la segunda semana durante éste. Resultados: En el R, no hay cambios significativos en la ingesta calórica de los hombres y sí en el de las mujeres. Se incrementa el consumo de carbohidratos y proteínas y desciende el de grasas. Discusión: Los cambios en R conducen a una dieta más ajustada a las recomendaciones nutricionales, y a esto parece haber contribuido el hecho de que los participantes llevaron a cabo sus comidas en el seno doméstico donde, a pesar del corte occidental de la población, se deja sentir una importante influencia de las tradiciones y hábitos magrebíes, por el contacto fronterizo con Marruecos.The practice of the Islamic precept of Ramadan (R) imposes to those who practice it important physiological and psychological changes due to the water and dietary restrictions they are subjected to, which has a particular impact on the Muslim students’ physical and psychological performances, particularly in multicultural Western societies, where there are no schedule adjustments in daily activities. Among the changes in lifestyle, consequently, the dietary changes are stressed, both qualitative and quantitative. Due to the importance of this issue and facing the limited knowledge the Muslim teenagers who live in non-Islamic societies have about the effects of Ramadan, it is suggested as main objective of this study the analysis of changes in nutrients during R in a group of Muslim students of both sexes, in order to solve and prevent some of the problems shown in this period. Materials and methods: 55 Muslim youngsters were selected (24 men and 31 women) aged between 15 and 18, who practise R; and the diet was analysed by inventory over 3 days, one week before fasting and in the second week during it. Results: In R there are no relevant changes in caloric intake. The consumption of carbohydrates and proteins is increased, and that of fat is decreased. Discussion: the changes in R lead to a diet more regulated to nutritional recommendations; and to this seems to have contributed the fact that the participants took their meals at home, where, in spite of the Western cut of the population, it is felt an important influence of North African traditions and habits, due to its border contact with Morocco

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en una población de gestantes sanas tras un programa de actividad física en el medio acuático (PAFMAE)

Fundamentos: El ejercicio físico moderado aporta beneficios a la mujer gestante durante el embarazo. La finalidad de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto sobre la calidad de vida de un programa de actividad física en el medio acuático, de seis semanas de duración, en mujeres gestantes sanas. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un programa de actividad física en el medio acuático, desde mayo hasta julio de 2016 en un centro deportivo, de seis semanas de duración a un total de 46 mujeres embarazadas, que fueron distribuidas en grupo Experimental (n=18) y grupo Control (n=28), a las que se le aplicó el cuestionario de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud “SF- 36 v2” antes y después del programa. Estadísticamente se aplicó para medias intragrupo la prueba t-student para muestras pareadas, y para las diferencias entre grupos, la prueba t-student para muestras independientes. Resultados: Al finalizar el programa de actividad física se constató como el mismo actuó positivamente sobre las siguientes dimensiones, cuyos valores de la media fueron: percepción de Dolor Corporal (DC) antes 66,1 y después 68,4 percepción de Salud General (SG) antes 81,3 y después 83,6, Rol Emocional (RE) antes 89,0 y después 93,5 y Salud Mental (SM) 80,7 antes y 84,2 después. Conclusión: La práctica de un programa de actividad física en el medio acuático para embarazadas sanas brinda beneficios relacionados con la percepción de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud.Background: Moderate physical exercise brings benefits to pregnant women during pregnancy. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect on the quality of life of a six-week aquatic physical activity program in healthy pregnant women Methods: A six-week physical activity program was conducted in the aquatic environment, from May to July 2016 in a sports center, to a total of 46 pregnant women, who were distributed in Experimental (n = 18) and Control (n = 28) groups, to which the health-related quality of life questionnaire “SF-36 v2” was applied before and after the program. The t-student test for paired samples was statistically applied for intragroup means, and for the differences between groups, the t-student test for independent samples. Results: At the end of the physical activity program, it was clearly established that it acted positively on the following dimensions whose mean values were: perception of Body Pain (BP) before 66.1 and after 68.4 perception of General Health (GH) before 81.3 and then 83.6, Emotional Role (ER) before 89.0 and Then 93.5 and Mental Health (MH) 80.7 before and 84.2 after. Conclusion: The practice of a program of physical activity in the aquatic environment for pregnant women provides benefits related to the perception of health-related quality of life

Effect of including a dietary supplement of raisins, a food rich in polyphenols, on cognitive function in healthy older adults; a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

Background Polyphenols have been shown to be effective against many chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, the consumption of raisins, being a food rich in polyphenols, has been attributed with neuroprotective benefits. Therefore, our main objective is to evaluate the effect of including 50 g of raisins in the diet daily for 6 months, on the improvement of cognitive performance, cardiovascular risk factors and markers of inflammation in a population of older adults without cognitive impairment. Methods Design and intervention: This study will be a randomized controlled clinical trial of two parallel groups. Each subject included in the study will be randomly assigned to one of two study groups: control group (no supplement), intervention group (50 g of raisins daily during 6 months). Study population: The participants will be selected by consecutive sampling in the Primary Care consultations of urban health centers in Salamanca and Zamora (Spain), taking into account the selection criteria. Study variables: Two visits will be made, baseline and at 6 months. Cognitive performance will be evaluated (MiniMental State Examination test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, verbal fluency and montreal cognitive assessmentm(Moca)). It will also be analyzed the level of physical activity, quality of life, activities of daily living, energy and nutritional composition of the diet, body composition, blood pressure, heart rate, markers of inflammation and othermlaboratory tests of clinical relevance (glycaemia, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides). In addition, sociodemographic data, personal and family history, medication use and alcohol and tobacco consumption will be collected. Discussion In this project, it is intended to contribute to minimize the problems derived from cognitive deterioration in older people

Exercise, bone mineral density and quality of life in menopause women

El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido evaluar la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y su relación con el perfil de calidad de vida (CV), en un grupo de mujeres menopáusicas, antes y después de realizar un programa de ejercicio físico terapéutico, en comparación con un grupo control, utilizando como instrumentos de medida la absorción radiológica de doble energía (DEXA) y el cuestionario “Perfil de Calidad de Vida para Enfermos Crónicos” (PECVEC) de Siegrist, Broer y Junge. Nuestros resultados muestran cambios significativos en la CV y DMO en relación con el desempeño físico.Actividad Física y DeporteMedicinaTerapia y Rehabilitació

The specific seroreactivity to ∆Np73 isoforms shows higher diagnostic ability in colorectal cancer patients than the canonical p73 protein

The p53-family is tightly regulated at transcriptional level. Due to alternative splicing, up to 40 different theoretical proteoforms have been described for p73 and at least 20 and 10 for p53 and p63, respectively. However, only the canonical proteins have been evaluated as autoantibody targets in cancer patients for diagnosis. In this study, we have cloned and expressed in vitro the most upregulated proteoforms of p73, ΔNp73α and ΔNp73β, for the analysis of their seroreactivity by a developed luminescence based immunoassay test using 145 individual plasma from colorectal cancer, premalignant individuals and healthy controls. ∆Np73α seroreactivity showed the highest diagnostic ability to discriminate between groups. The combination of ∆Np73α, ∆Np73β and p73 proteoforms seroreactivity were able to improve their individual diagnostic ability. Competitive inhibition experiments further demonstrated the presence of unique specific epitopes in ΔNp73 isoforms not present in p73, with several colorectal patients showing unique and specific seroreactivity to the ΔNp73 proteoforms. Overall, we have increased the complexity of the humoral immune response to the p53-family in cancer patients, showing that the proteoforms derived from the alternative splicing of p73 possess a higher diagnostic ability than the canonical protein, which might be extensive for p53 and p63 proteins.This work was supported by the Ramon y Cajal programme of the MINECO and the financial support of the PI17CIII/00045 grant from the AES-ISCIII program to R.B., cofounded by FEDER funds. G.D. acknowledges the financial support of PI15/00246 grant of the FIS and Cátedra UAM-Roche en Medicina de Innovación. M.G-A. was supported by a contract of the Programa Operativo de Empleo Juvenil y la Iniciativa de Empleo Juvenil (YEI) with the participation of the Consejería de Educación, Juventud y Deporte de la Comunidad de Madrid y del Fondo Social Europeo. We thank the excellent technical support of Maricruz Sánchez. A.M-C. is a recipient of a FPU fellowship from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte.S

Metabolic Reprogramming Helps to Define Different Metastatic Tropisms in Colorectal Cancer

Approximately 25% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients experience systemic metastases, with the most frequent target organs being the liver and lung. Metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Here, metabolic and functional differences between two CRC cells with different metastatic organotropisms (metastatic KM12SM CRC cells to the liver and KM12L4a to the lung when injected in the spleen and in the tail vein of mice) were analysed in comparison to their parental non-metastatic isogenic KM12C cells, for a subsequent investigation of identified metabolic targets in CRC patients. Meta-analysis from proteomic and transcriptomic data deposited in databases, qPCR, WB, in vitro cell-based assays, and in vivo experiments were used to survey for metabolic alterations contributing to their different organotropism and for the subsequent analysis of identified metabolic markers in CRC patients. Although no changes in cell proliferation were observed between metastatic cells, KM12SM cells were highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation at mitochondria, whereas KM12L4a cells were characterized by being more energetically efficient with lower basal respiration levels and a better redox management. Lipid metabolism-related targets were found altered in both cell lines, including LDLR, CD36, FABP4, SCD, AGPAT1, and FASN, which were also associated with the prognosis of CRC patients. Moreover, CD36 association with lung metastatic tropism of CRC cells was validated in vivo. Altogether, our results suggest that LDLR, CD36, FABP4, SCD, FASN, LPL, and APOA1 metabolic targets are associated with CRC metastatic tropism to the liver or lung. These features exemplify specific metabolic adaptations for invasive cancer cells which stem at the primary tumour.This work was supported by grants cofounded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional -FEDER- PI17CIII/00045 and PI20CIII/00019 from the AES-ISCIII program to RB from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and grants from Spanish Ministry of Science (Plan Nacional I+D+i PID2019-110183RBC21), Regional Government of Community of Madrid (P2018/BAA-4343-ALIBIRD2020-CM, and Y2020/BIO-6350), and Ramón Areces Foundation (CIVP19A5937) to AR. AM-C FPU predoctoral contract is supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educació n, Cultura y Deporte. AQ-F acknowledges Comunidad de Madrid for the Garantıa Juvenil PEJD-2017-RE/BMD-3394 contract. GS-F is a recipient of a predoctoral contract (grant number 1193818N) supported by the Flanders Research Foundation (FWO).S

Machine Learning Improves Risk Stratification in Myelofibrosis: An Analysis of the Spanish Registry of Myelofibrosis

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with heterogeneous clinical course. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation remains the only curative therapy, but its morbidity and mortality require careful candidate selection. Therefore, accurate disease risk prognostication is critical for treatment decision-making. We obtained registry data from patients diagnosed with MF in 60 Spanish institutions (N = 1386). These were randomly divided into a training set (80%) and a test set (20%). A machine learning (ML) technique (random forest) was used to model overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) in the training set, and the results were validated in the test set. We derived the AIPSS-MF (Artificial Intelligence Prognostic Scoring System for Myelofibrosis) model, which was based on 8 clinical variables at diagnosis and achieved high accuracy in predicting OS (training set c-index, 0.750; test set c-index, 0.744) and LFS (training set c-index, 0.697; test set c-index, 0.703). No improvement was obtained with the inclusion of MPN driver mutations in the model. We were unable to adequately assess the potential benefit of including adverse cytogenetics or high-risk mutations due to the lack of these data in many patients. AIPSS-MF was superior to the IPSS regardless of MF subtype and age range and outperformed the MYSEC-PM in patients with secondary MF. In conclusion, we have developed a prediction model based exclusively on clinical variables that provides individualized prognostic estimates in patients with primary and secondary MF. The use of AIPSS-MF in combination with predictive models that incorporate genetic information may improve disease risk stratification

Mapas externos de preferencias de jueces entrenados y consumidores: comparación del desempeño y determinación de la preferencia

Para la realización de este estudio se entrenó un panel constituido por seis personas, las cuales evaluaron los atributos: color blanco, textura granulosa al tacto, suave al tacto, olor a cuajo, salado, grumoso en boca, suave en boca y aroma a suero. También se contó con dos grupos de 400 consumidores, donde un grupo evaluó características sensoriales y el segundo grupo evaluó la apreciación global. Los resultados del ANOVA de tres factores mostraron que el panel entrenado fue discriminante en todos los atributos, mientras que el ANOVA de dos factores reveló que los paneles de consumidores fueron discriminantes en seis atributos; el ACP reveló similitudes entre ambos paneles para el posicionamiento de los quesos en el espacio sensorial. El MEP reveló que los consumidores del municipio de Asunción Ixtaltepec y de San Pedro Comitancillo pudieron identificar y preferir el queso que se elabora en su municipio, caso contrario a los consumidores pertenecientes a Santo Domingo Ingenio y Juchitán de Zaragoza. Los resultados del MEP generados con los datos descriptivos evaluados por el panel entrenado y el panel de consumidores fueron complementarios; esto quedó demostrado por el R2 ya que en algunos casos, la explicación de la preferencia de alguna clase no pudo ser determinada mediante el MEP con los datos del panel entrenado. Por tal motivo, el vocabulario que se genere a través de un panel entrenado también puede ser evaluado mediante paneles de consumidores para la generación del MEP, el cual es una alternativa rápida para la determinación de la preferencia basado en un lenguaje completamente de consumidores. Abstract For this study, a panel of six judges was trained to evaluate attributes in cheese as white color, granular texture to the touch, soft to the touch, smell of rennet, salty, lumpy in the mouth, soft on the palate and aroma to serum. There were also included two groups of 400 consumers; where a group evaluated the sensory characteristics and the second group evaluated the overall assessment. Three-way ANOVA results showed that the trained panel discriminated all attributes, while the two-way ANOVA revealed that the group of consumers discriminated six attributes. Principal components analysis revealed similarities between both panels to the positioning of the cheeses in the sensory space. The EPM revealed that consumers from the municipalities of Asuncion Ixtaltepec and San Pedro Comitancillo were able to identify and prefer the cheese made in their municipality; contrary to this, consumers from Santo Domingo Ingenio y Juchitan de Zaragoza were not able to identify or prefer their own. The EPM results generated with the descriptive data evaluated by the trained panel and consumer groups were complementary, and this was demonstrated by the R2 since in some cases the explanation of the preference of some kind, could not be determinated by EPM with the trained panel data. For this reason, the vocabulary that is generated by a trained panel can be also evaluated by a consumer panel to generate the EPM, which is a fast alternative for the determination of preference based on a language entirely of consumers. Keywords: Sensory profiles, consumers, trained judges, external preference map