7 research outputs found
Deforestation and forest degradation monitoring and assessment of biomass and carbon stock of lowland rainforest in the Analanjirofo region, Madagascar
Madagascar is currently developing a policy and strategies to enhance the sustainable management of its natural resources, encouraged by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and REDD. To set up a sustainable financing scheme methodologies have to be provided that estimate, prevent and mitigate leakage, develop national and regional baselines, and estimate carbon benefits. With this research study this challenge was tried to be addressed by analysing a lowland rainforest in the Analanjirofo region in the district of Soanierana Ivongo, North East of Madagascar. For two distinguished forest degradation stages: âlow degraded forestâ and âdegraded forestâ aboveground biomass and carbon stock was assessed. The corresponding rates of carbon within those two classes were calculated and linked to a multi-temporal set of SPOT satellite data acquired in 1991, 2004 and 2009. Deforestation and particularly degradation and the related carbon stock developments were analysed. With the assessed data for the 3 years 1991, 2004 and 2009 it was possible to model a baseline and to develop a forest prediction for 2020 for Analanjirofo region in the district of Soanierana Ivongo. These results, developed applying robust methods, may provide important spatial information regarding the priorities in planning and implementation of future REDD+ activities in the area
Influence des reboisements d'eucalyptus (Eucalyptus robusta) et de pin (Pinus kesiya) sur la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelle de tapia (Uapaca bojeri) en forĂȘt d'Arivonimamo
Face à la dégradation continuelle des formations de tapia (Uapaca bojeri), le reboisement en
Pinus sp. et en Eucalyptus sp. a figuré parmi les alternatives adoptées à Arivonimamo pour substituer
le tapia dans la production de bois de chauffage. Or, actuellement, lâenvahissement par ces espĂšces
exotiques constitue une des menaces qui pĂšsent sur la forĂȘt de tapia Ă Madagascar. Dans ce cadre,
cette Ă©tude avait pour objectif dâanalyser la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de la forĂȘt de tapia dâArivonimamo. Pour
ce faire, lâapproche a consistĂ© en lâidentification des « zones de contact » entre des peuplements
dâespĂšces exotiques, Pinus kesiya ou Eucalyptus robusta, et des peuplements dâU. bojeri
permettant dâĂ©tudier la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration le long de transects partant des peuplements exotiques et
se dirigeant dans les peuplements indigĂšnes, et ceci dans chaque direction cardinale. De cette
Ă©tude, il ressort que la densitĂ© de la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de tapia varie dâun site Ă un autre. Il apparaĂźt
Ă©galement que les capacitĂ©s dâenvahissement par P. kesiya sont bien plus importantes que celles de
E. robusta. Par ailleurs, la densité des semis de pin sous les plantations correspondantes est faible.
En outre, il est ressorti Ă©galement que le taux dâouverture du couvert ligneux nâinfluençait pas
significativement le dĂ©veloppement de la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration des trois essences. Ce taux dâouverture est
lié à différentes activités anthropiques telles que les collectes des produits forestiers non-ligneux
(tapia), les opérations sylvicoles de nettoiement (pin) et la coupe précoce (eucalyptus).Confronted with the ongoing degradation of the tapia woodlands (Uapaca bojeri),
reforestation by Pinus sp. and Eucalyptus sp.was considered as an alternative in Arivonimamo
to substitute tapia for the production of firewood. However, the invasion by these alien species
is actually considered as one of the threats to the tapia woodland in Madagascar. In this
context, this study aimed to analyze the regeneration of the tapia woodlands in Arivonimamo.
Consequently, âcontact zonesâ between stands of exotic species, Pinus kesiya or Eucalyptus
robusta, and U. bojeri were identified, in order to study tree regeneration along transects
in each cardinal direction starting inside the exotic forests and continuing into the native
populations. This study showed that the density of tapia regeneration varied between sites. It
also appeared that the capacity of P. kesiya to invade the tapia woodland is much higher than
for E. robusta. Moreover, the regeneration of pine inside the pineâs plantations was rather low.
In addition, it was observed that the canopy opening rate had no significant influence on the
development of the regeneration of the three species involved. Differences in canopy opening
are due to various human activities such as the collection of non-timber forest products (tapia),
the forestry operation of cleaning (pine) and early cutting (eucalyptus)
Identification des indicateurs de dĂ©gradation de la forĂȘt de tapia (Uapaca bojeri) par une analyse sylvicole
La déforestation constitue un grave problÚme à Madagascar amenant à une dégradation
recrudescente des ressources naturelles. Dans ce cadre, la présente étude a pour objectif
dâidentifier des indicateurs de dĂ©gradation de la forĂȘt de tapia dans la zone dâArivonimamo. Une
carte forestiĂšre de la zone a servi de document de base ; la forĂȘt y est stratifiĂ©e en deux types:
forĂȘt de tapia peu dĂ©gradĂ©e et forĂȘt de tapia dĂ©gradĂ©e. Lâapproche a consistĂ© Ă comparer ces deux
types de forĂȘt; la forĂȘt peu dĂ©gradĂ©e Ă©tant la forĂȘt de rĂ©fĂ©rence. La rĂ©colte de donnĂ©es sâest basĂ©e
sur un inventaire forestier par le biais des transects discontinus, liĂ©s Ă la structure de la forĂȘt de
tapia, de longueur totale de 1 500 m par type. De cette étude, il ressort que la densité des arbres, la
hauteur moyenne, le diamÚtre moyen des arbres, la surface terriÚre et la densité de la régénération
et du sous-bois, constituent des indicateurs pour lâidentification de lâĂ©tat de dĂ©gradation de la
forĂȘt de tapia. La distribution des ligneux y est agrĂ©gĂ©e ; cependant lâagrĂ©gation des arbres est trĂšs
significativement plus forte au sein de la forĂȘt dĂ©gradĂ©e en rĂ©ponse Ă la faible densitĂ© dâU. bojeri.
Leptolaena pauciflora et Erica sp. constituent les espĂšces principales de sous-bois indicatrices de
dégradation. Leur forte abondance indique un état de dégradation plus accentué. La connaissance
de ces indicateurs de dégradation permettra de formuler des directives et de préciser des outils
techniques pour contribuer Ă Ă©valuer et Ă surveiller la dĂ©gradation de la forĂȘt de tapia.Deforestation is a serious problem in Madagascar leading to natural resource degradation.
In this context, this study aims to identify indicators of forest degradation for the tapia forest of
Arivonimamo. A forest map of the area consists of a document in which the forest is stratified
into two types: degraded tapia forest and highly degraded tapia forest. The approach consisted
of the comparison of these two types of forest, the degraded tapia being the reference. Data
collection was based on a forest inventory through discontinuous transects related to the structure
of the tapia forest, with a total length of 1,500 m per type. It appears that tree density, average
tree height, average tree diameter, basal area and density of regeneration and undergrowth, are
indicators for the identification of the state of degradation of the tapia forest. The distribution of
U. bojeri is aggregated in both sites; however, the degree of aggregation is significantly higher in
the highly degraded forest in response to the lower tree density. Leptolaena pauciflora and Erica
sp. are the main undergrowth indicator species of degradation; their abundance is correlated
with degradation. Knowledge of these indicators of tapia degradation will provide guidance and
technical tools to improve evaluation and monitoring of the degradation of the tapia forest
Analyse des facteurs anthropiques de dégradation des bois de tapia (Uapaca bojeri) d'Arivonimamo
lâĂ©conomie des mĂ©nages de la communautĂ© locale de base. La dĂ©pendance de la population
locale sur les bois de tapia a engendré la perturbation et la dégradation de cet écosystÚme.
Dans ce cadre, la prĂ©sente Ă©tude avait pour but dâidentifier et dâanalyser les facteurs
anthropiques de dĂ©gradation des bois de tapia dans la zone dâArivonimamo. LâhypothĂšse
de travail Ă©tait quâactuellement les feux reprĂ©sentent la principale perturbation des bois de
tapia dâArivonimamo entraĂźnant la dĂ©forestation et la dĂ©gradation continuelle de cette
formation vĂ©gĂ©tale. Lâapproche mĂ©thodologique a consistĂ© en lâĂ©laboration dâune typologie
des indicateurs de perturbation de cette formation végétale sur base de la littérature, suivie par
un inventaire de ces signes de perturbation dans des transects dirigés dans quatre directions
perpendiculaires aux alentours des six villages du site dâĂ©tude. De cette Ă©tude, il est ressorti que
le feu ne constitue plus la principale cause de déforestation et de dégradation des bois de tapia
dâArivonimamo. La dĂ©gradation continuelle de cet Ă©cosystĂšme est surtout occasionnĂ©e par des
coupes illicites effectuées par la population riveraine. Ces résultats constituent une information
de base importante pour lâamĂ©lioration de la gestion des bois de tapia dâArivonimamo.The tapia woodland, an endemic ecosystem of Madagascar, plays an important role in the
household economy of the local communities. The dependence of local people on the tapia
woodland has led to the disturbance and degradation of this ecosystem. In this context, the
current study aimed to identify and analyze the anthropogenic factors leading to the degradation
of the tapia woodland in Arivonimamo. The working hypothesis was that fire constitutes today
the main disturbance factor of the tapia woodland in Arivonimamo, leading to the deforestation
and to a continuous degradation of this ecosystem. A typology of indicators of vegetation
disturbance was established based upon literature; it was followed by an inventory of these
indicators along four transects situated orthogonally around the six villages of the study site.
This study showed that fire is no longer the main cause of deforestation and degradation of
tapia woodlands in Arivonimamo. The continuing degradation of the woodland is mainly
caused by illegal logging by the local population. These results provide key information to
improve the management of the tapia woodlands in Arivonimamo
La forĂȘt de tapia, Ă©cosystĂšme endĂ©mique de Madagascar : Ă©cologie, fonctions, causes de dĂ©gradation et de transformation (synthĂšse bibliographique)
Cet article constitue une synthĂšse sur la forĂȘt de tapia (Uapaca bojeri Baill.) de Madagascar en vue de prĂ©senter son importance dans le dĂ©veloppement de la communautĂ© riveraine via lâamĂ©lioration des revenus par mĂ©nage. La forĂȘt de tapia est une formation « socio-naturelle », Ă strate arborĂ©e quasi monospĂ©cifique et endĂ©mique de Madagascar. Elle est localisĂ©e uniquement dans les hautes terres malgaches. Ă part les fonctions Ă©cosystĂ©miques, la forĂȘt de tapia abrite diffĂ©rentes ressources naturelles, entre autres les produits forestiers non ligneux et ligneux, qui jouent un rĂŽle important dans lâĂ©conomie locale informelle. Toutefois, cette formation vĂ©gĂ©tale est menacĂ©e par la destruction humaine Ă travers les feux de brousse, la production de bois de chauffe et de charbon de bois, lâextension de lâagriculture et lâenvahissement par des espĂšces exotiques de reboisement. SubsĂ©quemment, la gestion durable et la protection de cette forĂȘt sont essentielles afin que les populations riveraines puissent en profiter de gĂ©nĂ©ration en gĂ©nĂ©ratio
Influence de la plante hÎte sur les stades de développement de Borocera cajani (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)
Borocera cajani Vinson (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) is a silk moth endemic to Madagascar that is currently used
to produce silk textiles. This silk moth is polyphagous and colonizes forests situated in the central highlands, mainly
constituted by Tapia trees (Uapaca bojeri). Two host plants are commonly used by the caterpillar of this moth
species: Tapia and Voafotsy (Aphloia theiformis). In this work we have evaluated parameters of different stage
(survival rate, development duration, weight and size, fecundityâŠ) of B. cajani on both host plants. We have
observed a 30% higher survival rate on U. bojeri. Larval and pupae duration were shorter on U. bojeri (64,8 ± 1,5
days) than on A. theiformis (87,4 ± 2,0 days). Cocoons were bigger when obtained from larvae fed on U. bojeri. This
plant is therefore better for the development of B. cajani and should be used in intensive rearing of this silk moth
Fourteen years of anthropization dynamics in the Uapaca bojeri Baill. forest of Madagascar
Anthropization of forest landscapes is a major threat to ecosystems and biodiversity. To gather comprehensive information on anthropization dynamics in forest landscapes, fine-scale surveys of deforestation are required, coupled with detailed analysis of both spatial transformation processes and forest patch geometry. We conducted such a comprehensive study in a monospecific Uapaca bojeri (Baill.) forest of Madagascar, between 1999 and 2013. A diachronic set of four maps was produced and deforestation rates were calculated. Spatial transformation processes were described using Bogaert et al. (2004) typology. Forest patch geometry was monitored using largest patch index, mean patch size, and squared mean patch size to describe patch size dynamics, mean shape index and area weighted mean shape index to describe patch compactness, and fractal dimension analysis to describe patch outline complexity. For fractal dimension analysis, an innovative segmented regression model (Muggeo 2008) was used to separately quantify fractal dimensions for multiple ranges of patch sizes. Our results showed a growing anthropization of the U. bojeri forest landscape in the area, through a strong yet decelerating deforestation (from â 59.5% yearâ1 between 1999 and 2005 to â 2.84% yearâ1 between 2009 and 2013), clear forest fragmentation, and a subtle yet growing-in-scale simplification of patch geometry for small forest patches. Deforestation was artisanal in nature and, in 2013, large patches were withdrawing to less accessible topographic features. Our results forecast a medium-term loss of resilience of the U. bojeri forest in the area, if no direct forest conservation measures are taken.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe