Generalizations on the results of Cao and Zhang

summary:We establish some uniqueness results for meromorphic functions when two nonlinear differential polynomials $P(f)\prod _{i=1}^{k}(f^{(i)})^{n_{i}}$ and $P(g)\prod _{i=1}^{k}(g^{(i)})^{n_{i}}$ share a nonzero polynomial with certain degree and our results improve and generalize some recent results in Y.-H. Cao, X.-B. Zhang (2012). Also we exhibit two examples to show that the conditions used in the results are sharp

A detailed investigation to study the pattern of the interplay of Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein (CRP) of E. coli with its different classes of promoters

The activity of most of the promoters in Escherichia coli, involved in the metabolism of sugars other than glucose, is controlled by a CRP (cAMP receptor protein) or CAP (catabolite activator protein). CRP-dependent promoters are differentiated into various classes (Class I, Class II, and Class III) based on its cognate binding site’s position on DNA. The promoters regulated by CAP are differentially regulated by this transcriptional factor and it is also imperative to mention that these promoters vary greatly in respect to the binding site of CAP to its cognate binding site, it has also been reported that either it overlaps with the binding site of RNA polymerase or it present upstream to it. In Class I CAP-dependent promoters, a particular CAP molecule makes protein-protein interaction for the start of transcription. In Class II CAP-dependent promoters, a particular CAP molecule makes multiple interactions for the start of transcription. At last, in Class III-CAP dependent promoters, more than one CAP molecule is involved and activation of transcription is done synergistically. It has also been documented that CAP shows a kind of biphasic behavior in some promoters. So, the main focus of this work is to find out whether this biphasic behavior is true for other E. coli promoters as well. Experiments have been performed to know more about this biphasic nature and the various patterns of interactions of catabolite activator protein (CAP) of E. coli with its different classes of promoters

Biosorption of Acid dye by Jackfruit Leaf Powder: Isotherm, kinetics and Response surface methodology studies

A green adsorbent derived from Jackfruit leaf powder (JLP) was used to eliminate Acid Yellow 99 (AY 99) dye from an aqueous medium in this study. We checked the effect of pH, biomass dosage, and temperature (process parameters) on the adsorption potential of AY 99 was explored using the CCD model integrating the RSM approach. At a pH of 2.5, biosorbent dosage of 4 gL-1, and a 30°C temperature, maximum removal was preferred. ANOVA was incorporated to observe the importance of experimental variables and their interactions. The solution pH (A) and biomass dose (C) had the greatest effects on the decolorization of AY 99, according to the findings. ANOVA was used to identify the most important factors, which included two independent variables (A and C) and two quadratic model terms (A2 and C2). The kinetic data were effectively interpreted using a pseudo 2nd order with film diffusion model combination, indicating the chemisorptions phenomenon. Following the model of Langmuir isotherm, the utmost capacity for adsorption was determined to be 418.15 mg g-1 in terms of initial dye concentration. The findings of the maximum adsorption capacity showed that JLP could be employed as a useful adsorbent to eliminate AY 99 from its aqueous medium

Exopolysaccharide and lactic acid bacteria: Perception, functionality and prospects

Lactic acid bacteria exhibit the most effective potential to divert significant amount of fermentable sugars towards the biosynthesis of functional exopolysaccharide. Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria are receiving a renewed interest due to the claims of human health benefits. This review provides an update on multiple uses and production of exopolysaccharides with major emphasis on their chemical properties, characterization, and some other molecular strategies adopted for their genetics and biological tailoring to better understand the process of exopolysaccharide production along with their antiviral efficacy with multiple modes of action. Additionally, microbiological, biochemical, nutritional and biotechnological aspects of exopolysaccharide production have also been discussed. Moreover, appro-priate suggestions have been made on lactic acid bacteria improvements, leading to enhanced production with advanced modification and production process that may contribute to the economic soundness of applications in food and pharmacological industries with this promising group of biomolecules.

Regulatory studies of proteases from filamentous fungus termitomyces clypeatus

Owing to immense physiological, biotechnological, biomedical as well as commercial importance, currently fungal proteolytic enzymes draw the attention of researches in many ways. While studying production of some glycosidases from the fungus Termitomyces clypeatus MTCC-5091 mainly Sucrase, proteolytic activities were detected in the culture medium. These proteases were not studied earlier. Therefore the thesis work was undertaken with an aim to study the regulation of the protease enzyme in the fungus. The fungus produced two proteases, acidic metalloprotease (AcP) and alkaline serine protease (AkP). Secretion of AcP was constitutive while AkP production was inducible and substantially dependent on external protein supplements into media. Both these proteases were monomeric and non-glycoprotein in nature. Though biochemical, kinetic properties and application potencies were appreciably different for AcP and AkP. Both the enzymes were purified to homogeneity and characterized biochemically. AcP showed high milk-clotting potency that preferentially hydrolyzed the peptide bond in Phe105-Met106 of k-casein, analyzed by Urea-PAGE and LC-ESI-MS. Purified AcP (29 kDa) had pI value 4.6 and optimally active at pH 5 and 45oC. One-and two dimensional zymographies revealed a single polypeptide band with proteolytic signal. The enzyme can be developed as a substitute for chymosin. The thesis works report the production, optimization, purification and applications of AkP from T.clypeatus focusing on bioremediation and biomedical area. AkP titre was successfully optimized through the Plackett-Burman and RSM using the Box-Behnken design. As an ecofriendly alternative, AkP showed significant promise for bioremediation and industrial applications through time-saving bioprocesses in reduction of BOD and COD values of direct CETP inlet of tannery wastes, goat hide dehairing and bird feather detachment. The sequence of first 15 N-terminal amino acids of AkP (33 kDa) showed high homology with other serine proteases. AkP had pI value 8.9 with optimal activity achieved at pH 10 and 45oC. Studies were also performed for investigating in vitro antiproliferative potency of AkP on human HepG2 cancer cells. AkP treatment resulted in G2/M arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Hence, the edible mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus is a new source of two important proteases that can be explored in future for wideranging application potential

Impact of Practical Applications on Undergraduate English Language Instruction

This article aims to share insights into the challenges faced by learners in acquiring English language skills at various stages of their academic journey, spanning from the early school years to the Undergraduate level. Drawing on two decades of teaching experience, particularly with students from rural areas in Andhra Pradesh, the author highlights difficulties encountered and proposes potential solutions. The article emphasizes the importance of incorporating practical applications in English language instruction at the Undergraduate level to debunk the misconception that learning English is insurmountable, even for those raised in challenging environments. The goal is to convey that English proficiency can be achieved comfortably, fostering a more inclusive and accessible approach to language education

Metaphor and Poetic Expression in the Poetry of Sri Aurobindo

Renowned as a multifaceted figure in the 20th century, Sri Aurobindo engaged deeply in aesthetics, poetics, and Vedic and Upanishadic interpretations. His extensive writings spanned various disciplines, emphasizing the significance of literary discourse shaped by figurative thought in understanding human experience. This paper explores the pivotal role of metaphor in both common and literary discourse, offering a contemporary analysis of Sri Aurobindo\u27s poetry. His philosophical contributions present an alternative to foundational ontological and epistemological assumptions in contemporary scientific thought. Using compelling metaphors, Sri Aurobindo illustrates the concealed depths of the mind and ego, comparing them to a temple crown emerging from waves. He envisions humanity as more than its conscious awareness, describing the momentary personality as a mere bubble on the vast ocean of existence. Sri Aurobindo\u27s pursuit of elevated states of consciousness underscores his commitment to transformative exploration

Effects of chlorpyrifos on histopathological biomarkers of the freshwater teleost Oreochromis niloticus

An attempt was made to evaluate histopathological changes in the gills, liver, and kidney tissues of the freshwater teleost Oreochromis niloticus as biomarkers of chlorpyrifos toxicity. An experiment was conducted in glass aquaria with O. niloticus exposed for 28 days to sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos of 0.0 µg L−1 (control), 10 µg L−1, and 20 µg L−1. Chlorpyrifos caused distortions of the primary gill lamellae structure, the curling of secondary lamellae, desquamation, and epithelial hyperplasia on secondary gill filaments. Hepatocyte vacuolation and nuclear membrane necrosis were found in the liver. Additionally, the shrinkage of the glomeruli, thickening of Bowman’s capsule, glomerular and tubular necrosis, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, and hyaline degeneration in the renal tubule were seen in the kidney of O. niloticus exposed to chlorpyrifos. No remarkable lesions were observed in the control group. The severity of lesions in the fish tissues was assessed using the standard semi-quantitative grading system. The degree of histopathological lesions in various fish tissues was found to increase with chlorpyrifos concentrations. Histopathological lesions appeared to be good biomarkers of chlorpyrifos toxicity

Dynamics of the Queensland fruit fly microbiome under changes in host environment

Thesis by publication.Includes bibliographic references.Chapter 1. General introduction -- Chapter 2. Next generation sequencing reveals the relationship between the larval microbiome and food substrate in the polyphagous Queensland fruit fly -- Chapter 3. Fruit host-dependent fungal communities in the microbiome of a wild Queensland fruit fly larvae -- Chapter 4. Gut microbiome of the Queensland fruit fly during metamorphosis -- Chapter 5. Artificial larval diet modulates the microbiome of the Queensland fruit fly during domestication process -- Chapter 6. General discussionTephritid fruit flies are the most economically damaging insect pests of fruits and vegetables globally. Their biology is intimately linked to their microbiome. However, the complexities of the tephritid microbiomes remain poorly understood, largely because of the technical limitations of culture-dependent methods. To address this knowledge gap, the present study comprehensively characterized the bacterial and fungal microbiome of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (aka: 'Qfly'), using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to analyse both 16s rRNA and ITS amplicons on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Qfly is a highly polyphagous species that is Australia's most widespread and economically important fruit fly pest of horticulture. This thesis explores the microbial communities in wild Qfly larvae and their relationship to their host fruits. Qfly larvae from fruit infested in nature are found to harbour a diverse array of bacteria and fungi. The fungal microbiome, most of which comprises previously undescribed yeasts and yeast like fungi, closely reflects that of the host fruit indicating horizontal transfer as a dominant influence, although there are also some differences that suggest a closer association between larvae and some components of the fungal microbiome, likely reflecting vertical transfer during egg laying. The culture-independent approach enabled assessment of gut microbiome communities across all developmental stages in the wild-type flies prior to the domestication process. This comparative analysis between larvae, pupae and the adult gut microbiome revealed diverse microbial communities of bacteria and fungi in the larvae and adults. However, different bacteria and fungal taxa are abundant in the larvae and adult gut, which is likely related to differences in their nutritional biology. This thesis also includes the first comparative study of how artificial larval diets affect microbial communities across all developmental stages in the Qfly during the domestication process. The taxonomic profile of microbiome was different between carrot and the gel diet reared Qfly across all developmental stages whereby species richness was significantly higher in Qfly reared on the gel-based diet. Qfly reared on the gel diet reared scored higher in quality metrics than did those reared on the carrot diet at generation 5. Overall, my thesis provides valuable insights for understanding tephritid microbiomes and related ecology, in particular the Qfly's ability to infest a vast diversity of fruit types, and as well as for laboratory and factory-scale rearing. This knowledge may enable manipulation of the gut bacteria and fungi to improve the quality of artificially reared Qfly, and may also provide useful starting points for the development of pest management solutions -- summary.Mode of access: Internet.1 online resource (ix, 190 pages