A conceptual study on Cosmetic Toxicity w.s.r. to Dushi Visha

In present state thousands of hurtful toxins are accumulated in environment are taken by the human being itself. Cosmetics are one of them. Cosmetics are those elements which are used to improve the appearance of the human body. They are generally combinations of chemical compounds, some being derived from natural sources, many being synthetic. But the people are not aware of adverse effects of these chemical substances on human body due to its long-term usage. Therefore, this study was carried out which was conceptual type in nature. The aim & objectives of this study was to study the concept Dushivisha & to study the toxic effects of cosmetics on human body & correlate the Dushivisha w.s.r. cumulative toxicity of cosmetics. All the relevant material was compiled from Brihatrayi and available commentaries on it. Research articles are also searched from various websites. All the references were collected & analyzed & finally conclusion was drawn. Conclusion of this study is that cosmetics can be included under cumulative type of toxicity. Due to cumulative toxicity hazards of this substance not seen on the body immediately but they can be seen slowly after their long-term use. This cumulative type of toxicity is similar to Dushivisha concept described by Ayurveda

Correlation of gastro esophageal valve, symptomatology and 24 hour pH monitoring in GERD patients with refractory symptoms in South India - A Cross Sectional study.

INTRODUCTION : Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a most commonly encountered problem in day today practice. It result from failure of the anti reflux barrier which expose esophageal mucosa to abnormal acid reflux / GER (Gastro Esophageal Reflux) which in turn results variety of symptoms such as heartburn, odynophagia, hoarseness of voice, Increased mucus in the throat, foreign body sensation of throat or globus, water brash, and many atypical symptoms such as chronic cough, recurrent sore throat and asthma if long standing. Behind liver disease, it was considered the costlier GI disease with ranking second in 2004 with the prevalence rate in general population varies between 42% to 45% and 24% of the population will experience heartburn daily or more often. In spite of effective treatment, around 20–40% of patients showed partial or lack of response to medical therapy that are labeled as refractory GERD and these set of patient are difficult to treat. It is caused by a failure of the anti reflux barrier (ARB). Gastro esophageal valve (GEV) is one of the components of it. Alteration of this valve which in turn alters of lower esophageal sphincter length and pressure which results mechanically defective sphincter. Esophageal acid exposure is directly proportional to the degree of gastro esophageal valve geometry. Reinforcement of the GEV by means of endoscopic methods or surgery may improve the symptoms in these patients with refractory symptoms. Our present study was design to identify the type of gastro esophageal valve in GERD patients with refractory symptoms and correlation of symptoms and 24 hour pH monitoring findings. AIM OF THE STUDY : This study was conducted to identify the grades of gastro esophageal valve (GEV) in gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients with refractory symptoms and to correlate the grades of GEV with 24 hour pH monitoring findings. METHODS : 30 patients with symptoms of GERD inspite of proton pump inhibitor therapy (omeprazole 20mg, twice daily) for 4 weeks were studied in Rajiv Gandhi general hospital, madras medical college, Chennai-3 RESULTS : This study revealed higher grade of gastro esophageal valve(grade 3 & grade 4) had abnormal acid reflux evidenced by 24 hour pH monitoring (percent of time pH < 4, Demeester score) than grade 1 & grade 2 GEV. Patients with grade 3& grade 4 GEV had more incidences of distal esophagitis than grade 1 & grade 2. CONCLUSION : Presence of abnormal gastro esophageal valves which are detected by retro flexion of upper GI endoscopy may predict the positive esophageal acid exposure and complication such as erosive esophagitis

A REVIEW ON GREEN-SYNTHESIS OF CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES: FOCUS ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

Green Synthesized Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) have sparked a lot of interest in numerous disciplines of science and Technology during the past decade. A wide range of biological resources has been employed in synthesizing CeO2NPs, including plants, microorganisms, and other biological products. Biosynthesis procedures, current knowledge, and prospects in the synthesis of Green synthesis of CeO2NPs are also discussed. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as aging, trauma, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and other neurological problems, are linked to higher oxidative stress and superoxide radicals generation. Cerium oxide nanoparticles' antioxidant properties suggest that they may be useful in the treatment of CNS diseases. The biological antioxidant benefits of cerium oxide nanoparticles on extending cell and organism lifespan, preventing a free radical attack, and preventing trauma-induced neurological damage are discussed in this section. CeO2NPs, an aspect of nanotechnology, would emerge as a novel drug delivery carrier through therapeutic strategies. In several diseases oxidative stress and inflammation. CeO2NPs exhibited a remarkable ability to switch between+3 and+4 oxidation states making this an efficient therapeutic option and an effective drug delivery agent. Further Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The overall goal of this study is to provide reasonable insight into CeO2NPs as new therapeutic agents and to solve the challenges, of safely and effectively employing these CeO2NPs for efficient management of Central Nervous System diseases

Hip Implant Design using Stainless Steel 316L for Enhanced Stability and Patient Comfort

In a hip replacement procedure, the damaged bone and cartilage are removed and replaced with an artificial component known as prosthesis. Despite advancements in implant sterilization, design, fixation techniques, and the introduction of robotic surgery, a persistent challenge is to identify an optimal, patient-specific hip implant that meets individual criteria. The primary objective of the proposed study was to create a highly accurate patient-specific hip implant by standardizing the existing design. The secondary objective aimed to demonstrate the superiority of a customized design over a conventional one. Geometric measurements of the hip were extracted from CT scans using MIMICS 20.0 software, and the implant design was developed using SolidWorks. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was employed for meshing and analyzing the planned implant. Comparative research through FEA analysis indicated that a customized implant made from SSL 13 material outperformed the standard implant, showcasing its suitability for the patients studied

Molecular characterization of Indian potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties for cold-induced sweetening using SSR markers

Cold-induced sweetening developed during storage of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) at low temperature is a crucial factor influencing the processing quality of potato tubers and remains one of the principal concerns of potato processing industry. Developing CIS-resistant genotypes is the most effective method to cope with this stress. In this study, the genetic diversity of 11 Indian potato varieties with different reactions to CIS was assessed using 10 SSR primers. The primers detected a total of 42 alleles arranged in 44 different configurations, among which 37 alleles (88%) were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value of the SSR locus ranged from 0.473 to 0.787 thus indicating a high utility of these markers for study of genetic diversity in potato. A number of polymorphic fragments appeared to be specific to a given sugar-forming group. Primer Sti007 generated one fragment Sti007131bp present only in all the high sugar-forming varieties. The dendrogram derived from Dice’s similarity coefficients among the 11 varieties could partially but efficiently differentiate close parents and sugar-forming groups among the varieties. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of SSR markers to assess the genetic variation among potato cultivars in order to develop molecular markers associated with CIS to improve potato breeding programs

Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of biosynthesized copper nanoparticles mediated through Cissus arnotiana plant extract

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Environment friendly methods for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles have become a valuable trend in the current scenario. The utilization of phytochemicals from plant extracts has become a unique technology for the synthesis of nanoparticles, as they possess dual nature of reducing and capping agents to the nanoparticles. In the present investigation we have synthesized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using a rare medicinal plant Cissus arnotiana and evaluated their antibacterial activity against gram negative and gram positive bacteria. The morphology and characterization of the synthesized CuNPs were studied and done using UV-Visible spectroscopy at a wavelength range of 350–380 nm. XRD studies were performed for analyzing the crystalline nature; SEM and TEM for evaluating the spherical shape within the size range of 60–90 nm and AFM was performed to check the surface roughness. The biosynthesized CuNPs showed better antibacterial activity against the gram-negative bacteria, E. coli with an inhibition zone of 22.20 ± 0.16 mm at 75 μg/ml. The antioxidant property observed was comparatively equal with the standard antioxidant agent ascorbic acid at a maximum concentration of 40 μg/ ml. This is the first study reported on C. arnotiana mediated biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles, where we believe that the findings can pave way for a new direction in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine where there is a significant potential for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. We predict that, these could lead to an exponential increase in the field of biomedical applications, with the utilization of green synthesized CuNPs, due to its remarkable properties. The highest antibacterial property was observed with gram-negative strains mainly, E. coli, due to its thin peptidoglycan layer and electrostatic interactions between the bacterial cell wall and CuNPs surfaces. Hence, CuNPs can be potent therapeutic agents in several biomedical applications, which are yet to be explored in the near future

Panoply of P: An Array of Rhenium–Phosphorus Complexes Generated from a Transition Metal Anion

We expand upon the synthetic utility of anionic rhenium complex Na[(BDI)ReCp] (1, BDI = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-β-diketiminate) to generate several rhenium-phosphorus complexes. Complex 1 reacts in a metathetical manner with chlorophosphines Ph2PCl, MeNHP-Cl, and OHP-Cl to generate XL-type phosphido complexes 2, 3, and 4, respectively (MeNHP-Cl = 2-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-1,3,2-diazaphospholidine; OHP-Cl = 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane). Crystallographic and computational investigations of phosphido triad 2, 3, and 4 reveal that increasing the electronegativity of the phosphorus substituent (C &lt; N &lt; O) results in a shortening and strengthening of the rhenium-phosphorus bond. Complex 1 reacts with iminophosphane Mes*NPCl (Mes* = 2,4,6-tritert-butylphenyl) to generate linear iminophosphanyl complex 5. In the presence of a suitable halide abstraction reagent, 1 reacts with the dichlorophosphine iPr2NPCl2 to afford cationic phosphinidene complex 6+. Complex 6+ may be reduced by one electron to form 6•, a rare example of a stable, paramagnetic phosphinidene complex. Spectroscopic and structural investigations, as well as computational analyses, are employed to elucidate the influence of the phosphorus substituent on the nature of the rhenium-phosphorus bond in 2 through 6. Furthermore, we examine several common analogies employed to understand metal phosphido, phosphinidene, and iminophosphanyl complexes

Emerging trends in the novel drug delivery approaches for the treatment of lung cancer

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Cancer is one of the major diseases that cause a high number of deaths globally. Of the major types of cancers, lung cancer is known to be the most chronic form of cancer in the world. The conventional management of lung cancer includes different medical interventions like chemotherapy, surgical removal, and radiation therapy. However, this type of approach lacks specificity and also harms the adjacent normal cells. Lately, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising intervention in the management and treatment of lung cancers. Nanotechnology has revolutionized the existing modalities and focuses primarily on reducing toxicity and improving the bioavailability of anticancer drugs to the target tumor cells. Nanocarrier systems are being currently used extensively to exploit and to overcome the obstructions induced by cancers in the lungs. The nano-carrier-loaded therapeutic drug delivery methods have shown promising potential in treating lung cancer as its target is to control the growth of tumor cells. In this review, various modes of nano drug delivery options like liposomes, dendrimers, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes and metallic nanoparticles have been discussed. Nano-carrier drug delivery systems emerge as a promising approach and thus is expected to provide newer and advanced avenues in cancer therapeutics