Toxicity of Nutmeg (Myristicin): A Review

In this paper a detailed review of myristicin is reported. Numerous literatures report that myristicin is responsible for hallucinogenic effects, which induced by the consumption of nutmeg due to its metabolism structure of 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine (MMDA). Minimum dosage of nutmeg that can cause psychogenic effect is 5 g (ground nutmeg) with 1 to 2 mg myristicin content and this dosage is considered as ‘toxic dose’. At higher dosage of myristicin death may occur. Additionally, Myristicin poisoning can lead to many health problems that related to brain problem. Those symptoms usually occur 3 to 6 hours after ingestion of myristicin or foodstuffs containing it, and effects may persist up to 72 hours. California Poison Control System (CPCS) electronic database 72.3% exposures between 1997 and 2008 that were intentional for recreational purposes (between ages 13 and 20 years old). The remaining considered as unintentionally exposed. Between 1998 to 2008, Texas Poison Center Network (TPCN) received seventeen nutmeg poisoning and 64.7% from that cases involved abuse, and the rest was unintentional exposure. Most of the nutmeg exposures were via the oral route and minor cases of nutmeg exposure occurred through insufflated nutmeg, unintentional dermal and ocular exposures. Nutmeg also has been misused by mixing it with other drugs in order to get “high”. For intoxication cases, treatments like decontamination (cathartic, charcoal, dilution, fresh air, IV fluids) and supportive care (benzodiazepines) will be provided to reduce the effects

Marketing in Malaysian Technology Firms

Today’s world technology recognizes Internet and World Wide Web as two of the main communication mediums in technology firms. modern technology and social networking turn out to be a part of a large number of people’s lives. technology firms are challenged with this fast-moving social network in organization that encourage viral marketing too. There has been little study about the effect of viral marketing towards technology firms. This paper aims to explore the factors that influence the effectiveness of viral marketing, determine the most influential factor and identify the impacts of onlinecontents that influence the effectiveness of viral marketing. a quantitative method was used and 384 respondents from Southern Region Malaysia participated in the survey. The results showed that all the motivational factors like playfulness, community-driven, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness had significant impact on the viral marketing in the Malaysian technology firms. Two other factors like critical mass and peer pressure were found to be insignificant in this study. The findings may contribute to the judgement on Malaysian technology firms about viral marketing that blend firm skills, knowledge and technical leadership roles to manage emerging technologies, develop innovative solutions and complex firm’s problems

The Strength of Japanese Companies: A Proposed TQM Framework using Atlas.Ti

Total quality management (TQM) has been implemented because of strong global market rivalry. One of Japanese companies’ strength is TQM practices. Japanese companies have succeeded in global market mainly due to the effective adoption of TQM practices. It is proved that Japanese companies have dominated in much industry such as electrical and electronic, and automotive. Many previous studies discussed about comparing TQM performs between Japanese and non-Japanese companies. However, most of them were given less emphasis on exploring Japanese TQM strength based on relationship diagram amongst TQM, tools and techniques and business performance, which was identified as the theoretical gap. The main impact of this study is to identify the strength of Japanese companies through relationship diagram based on previous works. Qualitative study has been applied using Atlas.ti and meta-analysis. Based on the result, Japanese companies emphasise in application of tools and techniques and human resource developments in their companies. Tools and techniques have relationship between TQM and business performance to succeed higher impact of TQM practices on their business performance. Finally, authors have proposed a conceptual model for understanding the strength of Japanese companies

Changing roles, unchanging perceptions and institutions: Traditionalism and its impact on women and globalization in Muslim societies in Asia

10.1111/j.1478-1913.2007.00191.xMuslim World973479-50

The dominant perspective on terrorism and its implication for social cohesion: The case of Singapore

Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies272109-12

The Muslim religious elite of Singapore

Religious Diversity in Singapore248-27

Teenage marriage in the Malay/Muslim community of Singapore: Problems, perceptions and programmes

10.1163/156848409X12474536440546Asian Journal of Social Science375738-756AJSS

Muslim-non-Muslim marriage in Singapore

Muslim-Non-Muslim Marriage: Political and Cultural Contestations in Southeast Asia283-31

Toxicity of Nutmeg (Myristicin): A Review

<p>In this paper a detailed review of myristicin is reported. Numerous literatures report that myristicin is responsible for hallucinogenic effects, which induced by the consumption of nutmeg due to its metabolism structure of 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine (MMDA). Minimum dosage of nutmeg that can cause psychogenic effect is 5 g (ground nutmeg) with 1 to 2 mg myristicin content and this dosage is considered as ‘toxic dose’. At higher dosage of myristicin death may occur. Additionally, Myristicin poisoning can lead to many health problems that related to brain problem. Those symptoms usually occur 3 to 6 hours after ingestion of myristicin or foodstuffs containing it, and effects may persist up to 72 hours. California Poison Control System (CPCS) electronic database 72.3% exposures between 1997 and 2008 that were intentional for recreational purposes (between ages 13 and 20 years old). The remaining considered as unintentionally exposed. Between 1998 to 2008, Texas Poison Center Network (TPCN) received seventeen nutmeg poisoning and 64.7% from that cases involved abuse, and the rest was unintentional exposure. Most of the nutmeg exposures were via the oral route and minor cases of nutmeg exposure occurred through insufflated nutmeg, unintentional dermal and ocular exposures. Nutmeg also has been misused by mixing it with other drugs in order to get “high”. For intoxication cases, treatments like decontamination (cathartic, charcoal, dilution, fresh air, IV fluids) and supportive care (benzodiazepines) will be provided to reduce the effects.</p

Towards the propagation of a critically endangered tree species Anisoptera scaphula

Anisoptera scaphula (Roxb.) Kurz, the tallest tree species in Bangladesh, is critically endangered worldwide due to its poor natural regeneration. This study describes the appropriate regeneration technique for A. scaphula through seed germination and clonal propagation by stem cutting. The fastest and highest germination percentage (65) was observed in dewinged seeds sown inverted orientation with half buried position (T10) followed by dewinged seeds (62.5%) sown horizontally in full buried (T7) and delayed germination with lowest percentage (15) was in control (T0). Optimum initial growth was also shown when seedlings were developed from the seeds under T7. Both winged and dewinged seeds sown vertically in full buried or half buried position produced curved seedlings. However, dewinged seeds sown in horizontal or inverted (winged side down) position produced otherwise i.e., straight seedlings. The highest rooting percentages (63%) and maximum number of root (4.8) per cutting were obtained when one node cuttings treated with 0.8% IBA solution followed by 0.4% IBA in turn affecting for better survival and growth of rooted cuttings in the nursery conditions