An Efficient Data Aggregation Algorithm for Cluster-based Sensor Network

Data aggregation in wireless sensor networks eliminates redundancy to improve bandwidth utilization and energy-efficiency of sensor nodes. One node, called the cluster leader, collects data from surrounding nodes and then sends the summarized information to upstream nodes. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to select a cluster leader that will perform data aggregation in a partially connected sensor network. The algorithm reduces the traffic flow inside the network by adaptively selecting the shortest route for packet routing to the cluster leader. We also describe a simulation framework for functional analysis of WSN applications taking our proposed algorithm as an exampl

A comparison of software platforms for Wireless Sensor Networks: MANTIS, TinyOS and ZigBee

Wireless sensor networks are characterized by very tight code size and power constraints, and by a lack of well-established standard software development platforms such as Posix. In this paper, we present a comparative study between a few fairly different such platforms, namely MANTIS, TinyOS and ZigBee, when considering them from the application developer's perspective, i.e. by focusing mostly on functional aspects, rather than on performance or code size. In other words, we compare both the tasking model used by these platforms and the API libraries they offer. Sensor network applications are basically event based, so most of the software platforms are also built on considering event handling mechanism, however some use a more traditional thread based model. In this paper, we consider implementations of a simple generic application in MAN- TIS, TinyOS and the Ember ZigBee development framework, with the goal of depicting major differences between these platforms, and suggesting a programming style aimed at maximizing portability between them

Selection of a high yielding soybean variety: Binasoybean-1

Collected 201 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] germplasm were evaluated for selection of desirable germplasm for registration as variety and/or for future utilization as breeding materials. Among the germplasm, nine were selected on the basis of better field performance considering their seed yield, morphological characters and yield attributes. Results showed that BAU-S/80 produced higher number of pods/plant and its yield was 2516 kg/ha as against 2142 and 2108 kg/ha of the two control varieties, Sohag and BARISoybean-5, respectively. Yield trials of BAU-S/80 were carried out in both rabi and kharif seasons during the period from 2007 to 2010 in selected locations under soybean growing areas of Bangladesh and found to be suitable for cultivation in the farmers' field. BAU-S/80 was found to be moderately resistant to soybean yellow mosaic virus and collar rot diseases, and also showed lower insect infestation than control varieties. On the basis of superior performance of BAU-S/80, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) applied for registration to the National Seed Board NSB of Bangladesh. Consequently, the NSB of Bangladesh registered BAU-S/80 as Binasoybean-1 in 2011 for commercial cultivation in Bangladesh

SOSIALISASI MEMELIHARA DAYA TAHAN TUBUH SERTA MEMBERIKAN KETENANGAN UNTUK MENJALANI KEHAMILAN MELALUI ANTENATAL YOGA DAN HYPNOPRENATAL PADA IBU HAMIL

Abstrak: Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) merupakan masalah yang masih menjadi prioritas untuk diselesaikan di beberapa Negara, tak terkecuali Indonesia. Berbagai metodepun sudah mulai diterapkan guna mengatasi masalah ini. kegiatan ini dibuat bertujuan untuk sosialisasi terkait pentingnya memelihara daya tahan tubuh serta memberikan ketenangan untuk menjalani kehamilan melalui antenatal yoga dan hypnoprenatal pada ibu hamil.; dengan melakukan skrining peserta sebelum mengikuti kelas yoga dan hipnoprenatal. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dengan cara memberikan sosialisasi sebagai awal pemahaman ibu hamil tentang yoga dan hipnoprenatal; Kegiatan ini melibatkan mitra dari 2 Desa yaitu desa Sejahtera dan desa Ayula Selatan, dengan jumlah total ibu hamil sebnayak 10 orang. Kegiatan dievaluasi melalui pretest dan posttest terkait pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang yoga dan hypnoprenatal. Setelah kegiatan dilaksanakan, dan setelah dilakukan pre dan posttest diperoleh hasil bahwa pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang yoga dan hypnoprenatal mengalami peningkatan sebesar 100%, sehingga diharapkan dari hasil tersebut, dapat memberikan ketenangan bagi ibu hamil selama proses kehamilan.Abstract: Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is a problem that is still a priority to be resolved in several countries, including Indonesia. Various methods have been applied to overcome this problem. This activity was created with the aim of socializing the importance of maintaining endurance and providing peace to undergo pregnancy through antenatal yoga and hypnoprenatal for pregnant women; by screening participants before attending yoga and hypnoprenatal classes. The method of carrying out activities by providing socialization as an initial understanding of pregnant women about yoga and hypnoprenatal; This activity involved partners from 2 villages, namely Sejahtera Village and Ayula Selatan Village, with a total of 10 pregnant women. Activities were evaluated through pre-test and post-test related to pregnant women's knowledge about yoga and hypnoprenatal. After the activity was carried out, the result was that the knowledge of pregnant women about yoga and hypnoprenatal had increased by 100%, so it was hoped that these results could provide peace for pregnant women during the pregnancy process.

Selection of a high yielding soybean variety, Binasoybean-2 from collected germplasm

More than two hundred soybean germplasm collected from local and exotic sources were put into evaluation to select desirable ones for directly use as varieties or for future usage as breeding materials. Through observation trials thirteen germplasm were selected considering their better agronomic performance. Selected germplasm were evaluated through different trials at soybean growing areas of Bangladesh during 2007 to 2010. The germplasm, BAU-S/109 produced significantly higher seed yield than control varieties Sohag and BARIsoybean-5 in most of the trials. Over three years trial, BAU-S/109 produced mean seed yield of 2711 kg ha-1 while Sohag and BARIsoybean-5 produced 2224 and 2227 kg ha-1 seed yield, respectively. BAU-S/109 also produced the higher number of branches and pods plant-1 along with higher 100-seed weight. Results of yield trials indicated that BAU-S/109 was suitable for cultivation in Bangladesh. BAU-S/80 was found to be moderately tolerant to soybean yellow mosaic virus and also showed lower insect infestation than control varieties. On the basis of better performance, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) applied for registration of BAU-S/109 to the National Seed Board (NSB) of Bangladesh. Consequently, the NSB of Bangladesh registered BAU-S/109 as an improved soybean variety in 2011 as Binasoybean-2 for commercial cultivation

Prominently Increased of Mannose Binding Lectin (MBL) and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Levels in Severe Valve Regurgitation and Heart Failure of Rheumatic Heart Disease

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is mediated by an abnormal immunological response following a Streptococcus pyogenes infection that induces a disturbance of oxidants and antioxidants balances. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds to N-acetylglucosamine, a molecule present on the Streptococcus cell wall and human heart valves. There is a disturbance of oxidant and antioxidant balance in rheumatic disease. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a marker of oxidative stress and inflammation. This study was aimed to determine the correlation of MBL and MPO levels and severity of valvular regurgitation and heart failure (HF) in RHD patients. A case-control study was conduct using human peripheral blood samples from 32 children aged 6 to 14 years old. The subjects were divided into two groups: 16 RHD patients included in the case group and 16 healthy children as a control group. The level of MBL and MPO was investigated using ELISA method. There were significant differences on MBL and MPO level between patient and control group. The level of MBL and MPO were significantly increased in RHD group, especially on severe valvular regurgitation. There was a strong correlation between MBL and MPO levels and the severity of valvular regurgitation (r = 0.94 and r = 0.88). The least significant diff-erence (LSD) analysis showed that significant difference occurs in the severe heart failure group. Our research revealed that the MBL and MPO levels in pediatric RHD patients were significantly higher than in healthy children. The MBL and MPO levels were significantly correlated with the severity of valvular regurgitation and heart failure

Effects of Aggressive Ammonium Nitrate on Durability Properties of Concrete using Sandstone and Granite Aggregates

The storage of chemical fertilizers in concrete building often leads to durability problems due to chemical attack. The damage of concrete is mostly caused by certain ammonium salts. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the durability properties of concrete being exposed to ammonium nitrate solution. In this investigation, experiments are conducted on concrete type G50 and G60. The leaching process is achieved by the use of 20% concentration solution of ammonium nitrate. The durability properties investigated are water absorption, volume of permeable voids, and sorptivity. Compressive strength, pH value, and degradation depth are measured after a certain period of leaching. A decrease in compressive strength and an increase in porosity are found through the conducted experiments. Apart from that, the experimental data shows that pH value decreases with increased leaching time while the degradation depth of concrete increases with leaching time. By comparing concrete type G50 and G60, concrete type G60 is more resistant to ammonium nitrate attack

Combining Microfinance and Health in Reducing Poverty-Driven Healthcare Costs: Evidence From the Philippines

The role of microfinance in alleviating poverty and poor health is significant. Its health programs have been shown to improve healthcare utilization and strengthen a healthcare system. In the Philippines, microfinance's widespread presence is seen as instrumental in achieving the objectives of Healthy Philippines 2022, particularly in reducing poverty-driven healthcare costs. However, little is known on how microfinance can reduce the cost of healthcare services and treatment. Also, few studies that consider the practice of integrated microfinance and health programs in the Philippines have been seen. Secondary data was used to explore the structure and function of microfinance and health initiatives and their influence in mitigating healthcare costs. A review criterion was developed to examine the data using the three key elements identified in Ruducha and Jadhav's framework: organisational arrangement, health products and health outcomes. Findings revealed that most health initiatives are delivered through partnerships and collaboration, could favour a reduction in healthcare costs and protection from out-of-pocket health expenditure. They are designed to operate in three structures—subsidised or outreach, microinsurance and health loans, and patronage refunds. The cooperative's business venture providing pharmaceuticals facilitated access to affordable medicine and offered its members financial viability. Health loans and microinsurance also offered healthcare cost reductions; however, uptakes are low. The study found no data to assess the output of the completed health initiatives. More studies that will evaluate the integrated MFI health initiatives are recommended to further identify gaps, outcomes, or impacts of the program

The role of microfinance in reducing poverty-driven healthcare costs: a systematic review

The global health sector has identified poverty-driven healthcare costs that compel poor people to delay or forgo needed medical care. This can lead to disease progression or worse, death. The health sector alone cannot address such a challenge. This study focuses on the role of microfinance in promoting health among marginalised populations by reducing medical care and treatment costs. It aims to provide insights that will guide health promotion practices among MFIs and make a valuable contribution to the healthcare system. The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature published between 1990 and the present from the databases of EBSCO, EconLit, RePEc, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and webpages from the World Health Organization. Using the search terms: microfinance OR microlending OR microcredit OR microfinance, medication costs OR cost of medical care OR cost of health care OR healthcare costs OR medical costs OR health care costs, 817 articles were reviewed, 39 articles qualified for further reading after a title and abstract review. Only seven articles met the criteria and were analysed. This review suggests that microfinance institutions’ (MFIs’) core competencies in finance and healthcare linkage capabilities can potentially reduce poverty-driven healthcare costs using different schemes of combined microfinance-healthcare models. Although promoting healthcare and sustaining healthcare cost-reduction interventions are challenging for many MFIs, it is imperative to sustain these interventions. More studies are needed to examine more MFIs’ healthcare cost-reduction initiatives, their outcomes, and other sustainable actions towards promoting medical care and treatment adherence