Correlation between expression levels of mRNA IL-6 and H. pylori-infected patients with cagA

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with marked infiltration inflammatory cells such as neutrophil, macrophage and H. pylori-specific T and B cell in the gastric mucosa. The molecular pathways that control H. pylori-associated inflammatory reaction are complex, but locally induced cytokines seem to contribute to maintaining the ongoing inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate IL-6 gene expression in the H. pylori-infected and uninfected gastric patients and correlation it’s with cagA among H. pylori infected patients. METHODS: This study is case - control. Biopsies were collected from 58 H. pylori-infected patients and 44 uninfected. Mucosal IL-6 mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. Presence of cagA virulence factor was evaluated using PCR. Cytokine expression is presented as means and differences between infected and non-infected groups were analysed using the T-Test test. FINDINGS: The IL-6 mRNA expression levels were significantly more elevated in H. pylori-positive patients than uninfected. There was no association between cagA virulence factor in H. pylori-infected patients and IL-6 mRNA expression. Conclusion: The enhanced induction of IL-6 may be independent cagA virulence factor involved in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated gastritis

Comparing the Combined Effect of Garlic and Mint Extract with Metronidazole in Helicobacter Pylori Treatment

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common human infections which have been associated with many upper gasterointestinal complications. Different treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication have been used. One of these regimes is the quadruple therapy regimen which metronidazole is one of the medications. In recent years several reports on H. pylori resistance to this antibiotic has been presented. This study was performed to compare the effects of garlic and peppermint extract combination with metronidazole in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. In this randomized double blind clinical trial, 142 patients who were eligible for inclusion in study after completing the questionnaire and consent form were randomly divided into two groups, receiving garlic and peppermint extract or metronidazole. Moreover, for both groups the drugs; amoxicillin, omeprazole and bismuth were also administrated. Two weeks after drug administration completion, urease breath test (UBT) was performed and based on the obtained data, the recovery rate in the two groups were compare using SPSS 16 software T-test and Ki squire. The patients mean age was 43.89± 13.37 years. Evaluating the age and sex factors, we found no significant difference between two groups. Results suggest that although the combination of amoxicillin, omeprazole, bismuth plus garlic and peppermint was not successful in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori such as the quadruple therapy, but less than half of cases lead to eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection

Expression levels of mRNA cytokines of IL-17 and IL-23 in epithelialfiber of stomach inpatients with Helicobacter pylori using Real-Time PCR in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province

زمینه و هدف: اینترلوکین های 17 و 23 در دفاع بر علیه برخی عفونت‌های مخاطی دستگاه گوارش نقش دارند و IL-17 باعث جذب نوتروفیل ها به محل عفونت شده و در ایجاد التهاب نقش دارد. مطالعه حاضر میزان بیان mRNA سیتوکاین های IL-17و IL-23در دو گروه بیماران گاستریتی با عفونت هلیکوباکترپیلوری و فاقد عفونت را به وسیله روش کمی Real-Time PCR بررسی می‌کند. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مورد- شاهدی، از 58 بیمار دارای گاستریت با عفونت هلیکوباکترپیلوری و 50 بیمار مبتلا به گاستریت که فاقد عفونت بودند، توسط آندوسکوپی بیوپسی تهیه شد. بعد از استخراجmRNA و تبدیل آن به cDNA، میزان بیانmRNA مربوط به IL-17و IL-23در نمونه‌ها توسط Real-Time PCR اندازه گیری شد و بیان سایتوکاین ها در دو گروه آلوده و غیر آلوده با استفاده از تست Mann–Whitney مورد آنالیز قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: ارتباط معنی‌داری بین میزان بیانIL-17 mRNA در افراد دارای گاستریت با عفونت هلیکوباکترپیلوری و افراد دارای گاستریت فاقد عفونت دیده نشد (941/0P=). همچنین ارتباط بین میزان بیان mRNA IL-23در بیماران دارای گاستریت با عفونت هلیکوباکترپیلوری و بیماران دارای گاستریت فاقد عفونت معنی دار نبود (076/0 P=). نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که میزان بیان mRNA سیتوکاین های IL-17و IL-23در بیماران دارای گاستریت با عفونت هلیکوباکترپیلوری در مقایسه با بیماران گاستریتی بدون عفونت بالاتر نمی‌باشد و در نتیجه ارتباط معنی داری بین دو گروه مورد مطالعه در این استان وجود ندارد؛ لذا می طلبد تا نقش دقیق سایتوکاین ‌های دیگر درگیر در بروز بیماری گاستریت جهت تعیین پیش آگهی و ارزیابی برنامه های درمانی بیشتر مشخص شود

The effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of dried Ficus carica on spatial learning and memory in mice

زمینه و هدف: انجیر (Ficus carica) دارای اثرات گوناگون درمانی است. در مطالعات قبلی مشخص شده است که این میوه ملین بوده و در درمان بیماری های متعددی از جمله بواسیر، نقرس و صرع نافع می باشد. به علت وجود مقادیر زیاد فسفر در انجیر، به نظر می رسد که این میوه در پرورش هوش و حافظه موثر باشد. لذا این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثرات احتمالی عصاره هیدروالکلی انجیر بر یادگیـــری و حافظه فضایی در موش های سوری انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی- آزمایشگاهی، 32 سر موش سوری به صورت تصادفی به چهار گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه های کنترل، نرمال سالین و سه گروه آزمایشگاهی دیگر به ترتیب دوزهای 100، 200 و 400 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم عصاره هیدروالکلی انجیر را بصورت داخل صفاقی (ip) دریافت کردند. عصاره از طریق خیساندن پودر انجیر خشک شده در الکل 80 تهیه شد. تزریق سالین یا عصاره برای مدت هفت روز (یک بار در هر روز) انجام می شد و بلافاصله پس از آن، دوره یادگیری با استفاده از ماز آبی موریس شروع می شد که 5 روز طول می کشید. در صورت ایجاد یادگیری، آزمایش پروب (Probe trial) برای تست حافظه فضایی کوتاه مدت و بلند مدت در روزهای بعدی انجام می شد. در پایان داده ها با استفاده از آزمون ANOVA و آزمون های تعقیبی (LSD) Fisher least significantو توکی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. یافته ها: آزمایشات نشان داد که عصاره انجیر تاثیر معنی داری در روند یادگیری فضایی در مدل ماز آبی موریس ندارد. ارزیابی حافظه کوتاه مدت در روزهای 6 و 8 تفاوت معنی داری بین گروه های دریافت کننده سالین و عصاره انجیر نشان نداد، ولی در روز 10 کاهش معنی داری در حافظه کوتاه مدت در گروه های دریافت کننده عصاره انجیر در مقایسه با گروه سالین مشاهده شد (05/0

The effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis on learning and spatial memory in Balb/c mice

زمینه و هدف: بادرنجبویه، (Melissa officinalis)، دارای اثرات گوناگون درمانی از جمله اثرات تسکینی، آنتی اکسیدانی و ضد اسپاسم بوده و به صورت یک داروی آرام بخش و کمک دهنده ی خواب استفاده می شود. در این مطالعــه اثر تزریق داخل صفاقی عصاره هیدروالکلی بادرنجبویه بر یادگیری و حافظه در موش های سوری به روش ماز آبی موریس بررسی شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی تعداد 32 سر موش سوری نژاد Balb/c در چهار گروه تصادفی قرار گرفتند. به گروه کنترل، سرم فیزیولوژی و به سه گروه آزمایشی دیگر دوزهای 25، 50 و 100 میلی گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن عصاره هیدروالکلی بادرنجبویه برای مدت هفت روز تزریق شد. با استفاده از روش ماز آبی موریس، میزان یادگیری حیوانات به مدت 5 روز متوالی ارزیابی شد. پس از تکمیل دوره یادگیری، در روزهای 5، 7 و 9 آزمایش پروب (Probe trial) برای ارزیابی حافظه کوتاه مدت و بلند مدت انجام شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه و توکی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: میزان یادگیری در حیوانات دریافت کننده عصاره بادرنجبویه تفاوت معنی داری با گروه دریافت کننده سالین نداشت. نتایج اولین آزمایش پروب تاثیر مثبت دوز کم عصاره بادرنجبویه (دوز 25 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) بر حافظه کوتاه مدت را نشان داد (05/0

In-vitro effect of menthe piperita and salvia officinalis extracts on trichomonas vaginalis

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate parasite causing vaginosis, a common sexual transmitted disease. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for this disease but due to its side effects, it is necessary to search for an alternative drug. In this study, the effect of Menthe piperita and Salvia officinalis on Trichomonas vaginalis was investigated. Methods: Hydro-alcoholic extracts of the two herbs were prepared. The extracts were dried using vacuum rotary evaporator. Different concentrations of the extracts in comparison with methronidazole were added in test tubes containing culture medium and the parasite. All test tubes were kept in 37°C for 24 hours. The tubes were then expected for the parasite growth. Findings: In concentrations of 2, 2.5, 4, 5, 8, and 10 mg/ml of Salvia officinalis and in concentrations of 4, 5, 8, and 10 mg/ml of Menthe piperita the parasite did not grow. The effect of the extracts on Trichomonas vaginalis was similar to the effect of metronidazole on the parasite. Conclusion: Salvia officinalis and Menthe piperita had efficient effect against Trichomonas vaginalis growth in culture medium and s,o these two herbs can be considered as alternatives drugs. However, more investigation is recommended

Correlation between clarithromycin resistance, virulence factors and clinical characteristics of the disease in Helicobacter pylori infected patients in Shahrekord, Southwest Iran

The purpose of this study was to determine the mutations associated with clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from biopsy samples that were collected from the endoscopic ward of Shahrekord Hajar teaching Hospital and also to study the frequency of virulence factor and their correlation and pathological findings with clarithromycin resistance during the years 2019-2020. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 152 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection were considered, and then, two common A2142G and A2143G mutations in the 23SrRNA gene associated with resistance were analyzed by Real-time PCR (Taq man). The presence of vacA, iceA1, iceA2, cagA, babA2, and oipA virulence genes was investigated by PCR and electrophoresis in 8% polyacrylamide gel. Then, data were analyzed using the relevant statistical tests. In this study, the frequency of Helicobacter pylori was 76% and the frequency of mutant isolates was 57.2%. The frequencies of A2142G and A2143G point mutations were 42.1% and 28.3%. There was a significant correlation among oipA, vacA, and iceA1 virulence factors, type of disease, chronic inflammatory score, and glandular atrophy with the antibiotic resistance to clarithromycin. There was no significant correlation between the age and sex of the patients with antibiotic resistance. According to the results of this study, it seems that the use of clarithromycin to combat this bacterium should be limited

Multi-level factors influencing climate migration willingness among small-scale farmers

Introduction: Climate change is a pressing global challenge impacting agriculture and rural communities. This study investigates the willingness to migrate against climate change among small-scale farmers and explores the associated socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors.Method: A sample of 296 small-scale farmers was randomly selected, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association of multi-level factors with willingness to climate migration.Results: The results showed that different dimensions of adaptation strategies are inversely associated with willingness to migrate in response to climate change. In contrast, human capital was directly associated with the desire to migrate. Also, improving financial capital was indirectly associated with farmers’ willingness to migrate to the rural area. The study also found that education level plays a key role in increasing the probability of being willing to relocate in response to climate change. Specifically, a 1-year increase in education level was associated with a 4.2% increase in the likelihood of being willing to migrate.Discussion: Therefore, providing financial support for sustainable farming practices to alleviate the economic challenges faced by small-scale farmers, and implementing targeted capacity-building programs to enhance farmers’ adaptive capacity and promote sustainable agricultural development can be suggested. Furthermore, improving farmers’ specialized knowledge regarding the various consequences of climate migration, in conjunction with their general education, can help control and manage their migration

Comparing the Combined Effect of Garlic and Mint Extract with Metronidazole in Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: Garlic and Mint in Helicobacter Pylori Treatment

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common human infections which have been associated with many upper gasterointestinal complications. Different treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication have been used. One of these regimes is the quadruple therapy regimen which metronidazole is one of the medications. In recent years several reports on H. pylori resistance to this antibiotic has been presented. This study was performed to compare the effects of garlic and peppermint extract combination with metronidazole in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. In this randomized double blind clinical trial, 142 patients who were eligible for inclusion in study after completing the questionnaire and consent form were randomly divided into two groups, receiving garlic and peppermint extract or metronidazole. Moreover, for both groups the drugs; amoxicillin, omeprazole and bismuth were also administrated. Two weeks after drug administration completion, urease breath test (UBT) was performed and based on the obtained data, the recovery rate in the two groups were compare using SPSS 16 software T-test and Ki squire. The patients mean age was 43.89± 13.37 years. Evaluating the age and sex factors, we found no significant difference between two groups. Results suggest that although the combination of amoxicillin, omeprazole, bismuth plus garlic and peppermint was not successful in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori such as the quadruple therapy, but less than half of cases lead to eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection