Pelarutan Fosfat Anorganik Oleh Kultur Campur Jamur Pelarut Fosfat Secara in Vitro

---Fosfat merupakan nutrient essensial yang diperlukan oleh tanaman dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Fosfat sebenarnya terdapat dalam jumlah yang melimpah dalam tanah, namun sekitar 95-99% terdapat dalam bentuk fosfat tidak terlarut sehingga tidak dapat digunakan oleh tanaman Upaya untuk mengatasi masalah ini, salah satunya adalah dengan pembuatan pupuk biologi dengan mikroba pelarut fosfat sebagai agen biofertilizer. Penelitian terdahulu, diperoleh isolat jamur pelarut fosfat dari sampel tanah gambut yang sudah teruji kemampuannya dalam melarutkan fosfat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh perbandingan isolat jamur pelarut fosfat yang tepat untuk digunakan sebagai formula kultur campur agar dapat melarutkan fosfat secara optimal, meningkatkan kemampuan jamur dalam melarutkan fosfat dengan adanya kerja yang sinergis dari jamur-jamur tersebut, menghasilkan pupuk biologi dengan mikroba sebagai agen biofertilizer. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan perlakuan perbandingan isolat jamur pelarut fosfat yaitu kultur jamur tunggal NSJ 1, NSJ 5, NSJ 6, kultur jamur campur NSJ 1-NSJ 5, NSJ 1-NSJ 6, NSJ 5-NSJ 6, NSJ 1-NSJ 5-NSJ 6 dan kontrol. Kontrol perlakuan digunakan medium uji Pikovskaya tanpa inokulasi jamur. Variabel yang diamati meliputi pH medium kultur, total konsentrasi fosfat yang terlarut. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Analisis data yang digunakan analisis sidik ragam (Ansira) dengan taraf kepercayaan 95 % untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Jika Fhitung> Ftabel dilakukan uji lanjut dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas pelarutan fosfat pada setiap perlakuan perbandingan isolat jamur F1-F7 secara umum terlihat pada Perubahan medium Pikovskaya cair yang semula keruh menjadi Bening. Aktivitas pelarutan fosfat mulai terlihat pada awal inkubasi (jam ke 0), dengan konsentrasi fosfat terlarut tertinggi 7,87 ppm yang dihasilkan oleh F5 dan terendah 5,33 ppm oleh F3. Konsentrasi fosfat terlarut menunjukkan penurunan setelah inkubasi 24 jam dengan memperlihatkan penurunan pH dari pH kultur awal inkubasi (jam ke 0) yang tidak begitu drastis. Pada inkubasi 48 jam, semua perlakuan mulai menunjukkan kenaikan konsentrasi fosfat terlarut. Penurunan pH pada inkubasi 48 jam ini dikarenakan adanya aktivitas metabolisme yang mensekresi asam organik. Hasil analisis sidik ragam konsentrasi fosfat terlarut pada inkubasi 48 jam, menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata (p<0,05) antar perlakuan perbandingan isolat jamur dalam pelarutan fosfat anorganik. Hal ini berarti bahwa formulasi perbandingan isolat jamur F1-F7 mempengaruhi pelarutan fosfat anorganik. Hasil analisis pada inkubasi 48 jam ini memperlihatkan bahwa perlakuan formulasi F7 paling tinggi dalam melarutkan fosfat dan adanya kerja sinergis dalam meningkatkan pelarutan fosfat

Ektoparasit (Fleas) Pada Reservoir Di Daerah Fokus Pest Di Kabupaten Boyolali Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Rat is a rodent (rodensia) which cannot be separated from parasitic organism attacks the ectoparasites(fleas). In the presence of fleas plague focus areas need to watch out, for no increase in cases of plague(outbreak). Pest is a zoonosis in rat that can be transmitted to humans through the bite of fleas Xenopsyllacheopsis containing Yersinia pestis. Boyolali District is one of the plague focus areas in Central Java. Thisstudy aims to identify the species of rats and fleas, trap succes, flea infestation in rats and flea index as anindicator of vulnerability to transmission of plague. The study is a descriptive survey with cross sectionaldesign. The population is all the rats and fleas in Boyolali district. Samples are rats and fleas that werecaught using live trap with coconut roasted and salted fish is placed inside and outside the home (each 2trap). Rat combed for fleas. The results showed the number of mouses caught were 245. There are 4 speciesrats and small mammals found in R. tanezumi, R. tiomanicus, R. exulans, N. fulvescens and S.murinus withsucces trap at 5.71%. Only 3 species and S.murinus of infected fleas. Species of flea is X. cheopis and S.cognatus. Specific flea index: Xenopsylla cheopis by 1.67; flea index cognatus Stavilus common flea indexof 0.88 and 2.55. Based on the warning system indicator about the bubonic plague spreading,which isspecific flea index of X.cheopis &gt;1 and fleas index &gt;2, Selo sub distric should be aware to the spreading ofbubonic plague in its area, so that it is important to carry out the controlling of rat and flea population

Pengaruh Suhu Pemadatan Campuran Untuk Perkerasan Lapis Antara (AC-BC)

The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of variations of temperaturechanges on the asphalt compaction process heat (hot mix asphalt) layer between (AC - BC)against Marshall parameter with reference to the specifications of Highways in 2010.Based on the analysis of data processing obtained that the value content of asphalt used formiddle limit is 6.1 % and the lower limit of 6.85 %.Based on the analysis of data processing obtained that the value content of asphalt used formiddle limit is 6.1 % and the lower limit of 6.85 %. From the test results Marshall at atemperature of 135oC, 145oC and 155oC in the middle limit has met all the parameters Marshall.Only at a temperature of 125oC and 115oC that do not meet the parameters Marshall Void in valuedue Mix (VIM) and the Marshall Quotient (MQ) do not enter Specifications Highways Marshall2010. While testing the lower limit on the temperature 115oC, 125oC and 135oC does not meet allthe parameters Marshall, because the value of Marshall Quotient (MQ) did not enter thespecifications of Highways in 2010

Evaluasi Kepatuhan Dan Respon Mual Muntah Penggunaan Antiemetik Pada Pasien Kanker Payudara Yang Menjalani Kemoterapi Di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo

Breast cancer is one of the cancers with the highest incidence, especially in women. The development of therapy has been implemented to improve the survival and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Breast cancer treatment is given by considering many factors, including age, menopausal status, comorbidities, stage of cancer, biological factors and history of chemotherapy. Optimization of quality of life during treatment is very important. Chemotherapy Induced Nausea vomitting (CINV) is a common side effect and can affect the quality of life of cancer patients. The aims of this study are to know response of nausea vomitting, patients adherence, relationship between adherence and response of nausea vomitting. This study is an observational study conducted by descriptive and analytic study design in Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo hospital. The results of this study are the nausea and vomitting response are the most in the acute emesis phase (80%) and delayed emesis (90%). A total of 79% were adherent to antiemetics therapy. There is no relationship between adherence and the response of nausea vomitting in Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo hospital. Key words: breast cancer, chemotherapy induced nausea and vomitting, antiemetics response, adherence

Kajian Kinerja Alat Tanam dan Varietas Unggul Baru Padi di Lahan Pasang Surut Sumatera Selatan

The Performance Assessment of Planting Tools and Rice Varieties in Tidal Land of South Sumatera. Tidal swamp land has a great potential to support increasing national rice production. However, its utilization is not optimal yet because the limitation of new rice varieties and limitation of manpower and time of farmers for planting activities, and therefore the seeds were broadcasted that need more seeds. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the technical, agronomical and economical performance of planting tools on new high yielding rice varieties in tidal land. The assessment was conducted at Sumber Mulyo Village, Muara Telang Sub district, Banyuasin Regency South Sumatera in 2010/2011 rainy season using randomized complete block design with two factor treatments and three replications. The first factor were rice varieties, namely Inpara 2, Inpara 3 and Inpari 4, whereas the second factor were planting tools or seeder namely IRRI drum seeder and legowo seeder. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained by Inpari 4 with legowo tool (8.75 t/ha) while the lowest was obtained by Inpara 2 with IRRI drum seeder (7.09 t/ha). The average yield by using IRRI drum seeder was 7.66 t/ha, while that of legowo tool was 8.28 t/ha. Net income obtained by legowo tool and IRRI drum seeder were higher than the direct seeding (farmers practices). The farm efficiency (R/C) of legowo tool, IRRI drum seeder and direct seeding were 3.33; 3.13 and 2.83 respectively

Mix Culture Inoculant Production of Phosphate Solubilyzing and Indole Acetic Acid (Iaa) Producer Rhizobacteria with Ambarawa Peat Soil Rawapening as Carrier

---Plant production development is the main goals that do for increase the farming quality to fulfill the man needed in food. One of the ways is intensive farming, by using organic or inorganic fertilizer. Phosphate is the essential for plants. IAA is the necessary plant regulator for the root. Both phosphate and IAA need in plant growing and production. Biological fertilizer is fertilizer with microbial as the main material. Bacillus sp.DUCC-BR-K1.7, Bacillus sp. DUCC-BR-KI3, Bacillus sp.DUCC-BR-KI.2b and Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azotobqcter vinelandii, Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter Brazilensis are bacteria that can solubilization the phosphate and IAA synthesize. Those bacteria can be used as inoculants or biological fertilizer that put on carrier. One way to support the aim is giving the altemative carrier with suitable composition. The carrier should be support bacterial life during the storage. The aim ofthis research is find ths right consortia so can be used to optimized viabilities of culture Bacillus sp. DUCC-BR-KIJ, Bacillus sp. DUCC-BR-K1.3, Bacillus sp. DUCC-BR-KI.2b, P. flourescens, A. chroococcum, A. vinelandii, Azospirillum sp., and A. Brazilensis in mix culture on peat soil as carrier. This research done in Microbiology Laboratory of Biology Department Diponegoro University. Subculture and activated culture in Nutrient Broth medium, make the growth curve to the biomass production, make the inoculums, prepare the peat soil, biomass production and mixed biomass with the carrier, enumeration bacterial culture viability test in carrier during the storage by TPC method. The results show that all consortia culture bacteria viabiliry Bacillus sp. DUCC-BR-KI.3 with Azospirillum (A) and Bacillus sp. DUCC-BR-K1.7, with P. flourescens (B) still viable and increasing number of population during seven weeks storage with l0 t-n CFU/g at To and up to l0 r3-ro CFU/g at the end storage. The consortium C between Bacillus sp. DUCC-BR-KI.2 b and A- brssilensis increasing the number of population and still viable during eight weeks storage (1013 - 1014 CFU/g)

Model Perubahan Komposisi Gas CO2 dan O2 Buah Salak Pondoh (Salacca Edulis, Reinw) pada Pengemasan Plastik Polietilen dalam Atmosfir Termodifikasi

Storing fruit with high concentration of carbondioxyde and low concentration of oxygen could be utilized to retard respiration rate, moisture loss, fruit repening, enzyme activities and microbial growth. Mathematical models were developed for respiration of salak pondoh (Salacca edulis Review., cultivar pondoh), permeability of polyethylene plastic packaging and gas exchange in packaging. The apparatus used in the experiment was a packaging tube covered with 0.08 mm thick polyethylene tube was flowed with modified atmosphere. Spectrophotometry and gas chromatography were used to assay the gas, and data obtained from model and from experiment were compared. The results showed that the models can predict the respiration rate RCO2 = 11.75 CCO2-0.08 CO21.47 e-0.22 (t) and RCO2 = 16.946 CCO2-0.485 O20.264 e-0.063 (t) , permeability of polyethylene plastic packaging DCO2 = 0.623 e-9.074 (67.13/R 1/T) and DO2 = 0.077 e-21.144 (75.79/R 1/T) and gas exchange in packaging (Cm+1 = Cm + ΔCn)

Kelompok Rentan dan Kebutuhannya (sebuah Kajian Hasil Pemetaan Sosial CSR PT Indonesia Power Upjp Kamojang)

Kelompok rentan adalah masyarakat yang memiliki keterbatasan dalam menikmati kehidupan yang layak. Faktor aksesibilitas terhadap sumber-sumber pemenuhan kesejahteraan sosial merupakan salah satu hal baik sebagai penyebab juga menjadi akibat. Memetakan populasi dan kondisi kelompok rentan secara tapat dan partisipatif merupakan awal dalam menentukan kegiatan dalam rangka penanganan untuk membantuk kelompok ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kelompok rentan dan kebutuhuannya yang ada di Desa Sukalilah Kecamatan Sukaresmi Kabupaten Garut Jawa Barat. Kelompok rentan yang ada di Desa Sukalilah seperti anak yatim/piatu, lansia, fakir miskin atau masyarakat kurang mampu, anak putus sekolah, disabilitas dan penyakit berat, masyarakat yang tinggal di rumah tidak layak huni dan masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah rawan bencana. Kelompok rentan tersebut memiliki kebutuhannya masing-masing seperti jaminan sosial, kesehatan serta jaminan pendidikan. Dengan diberikan bantuan berupa charity, diharapkan kelompok rentan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Keterlibatan berbagai pihak dalam membantu kelompok rentan termasuk Perusahaan menjadi bagian penting dalam kegiatan ini. Vulnerable groups are people who have limitations in enjoying a decent life. The accessibility factor for the fulfillment of social welfare sources is one of the good things as a cause as well as an effect. Mapping the population and condition of vulnerable groups in an appropriate and participatory manner is the beginning in determining activities in the context of handling to help this group. This study aims to examine vulnerable groups and their needs in Sukalilah Village, Sukaresmi District, Garut Regency, West Java. Vulnerable groups in Sukalilah Village such as orphans / orphans, the elderly, the poor or underprivileged people, school dropouts, disabilities and serious illnesses, people living in uninhabitable houses and people living in disaster-prone areas. These vulnerable groups have their respective needs, such as social security, health and education security. With assistance in the form of charity, it is hoped that vulnerable groups can meet their daily needs. The involvement of various parties in assisting vulnerable groups including companies is an important part of this activity