Dietary antioxidant effect of vitamin E on different swine tissues

ABSTRACT tocopherol were analyzed in order to assess the anti-oxidant effect of the naturally occurring vitamin. In the work described, we evaluated the effects -tocopherol acetate in the following concentrations: 11 (C = control), 100 (E1), 300 (E2) mg/kg of diet and compared the findings with those of the basal diet group. The treatments affected the lipid stability of fresh muscle and different organs tissues during aerobic storage at refrigeration temperatures, supplementation reduced (P<0.01) lipid oxidation in E2 group compared with basal group (C), in accordance with -tocopherol contents of the diet

Dietary Willow Bark Extract for Broilers Reared Under Heat Stress

A 28-day feeding trial was conducted on 60, Cobb 500 broilers (14 days), assigned to 2 groups (C, E) housed in an experimental hall (32° C, 23 h light regimen). Compared to the conventional diet C, the experimental diet (E) included 1% white willow bark extract (WBE). At 42 days of age, 6 blood samples /group were collected and 6 broilers/ group were slaughtered and caecal content was collected. The dietary WBE didn’t influence broiler performance. The serum concentrations of glycaemia, cholesterol and triglycerides were lower (P <0.05) in E group than in C group. E broilers had the lowest count (P<0.05) of Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli and staphylococci colony forming units in the caecal content. The inclusion of WBE (1%) in the diet of broilers reared at 32° C had an hypocholesterolemiant and hypoglycaemic effect and reduced the pathogenic bacteria in the caecum

Piglets’ Intestinal Microflora Fed with a Plants Mix

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a plant mix (bilberry, black currant, quince, peppermint and fennel essential oil) inclusion into the diets of piglets (18-45 kg) on intestinal microflora equilibrium. An experiment was performed on 8 castrated hybrid TOPIGS (18.69±1.25 kg) divided in 2 groups (C and E). The piglets were kept in an experimental house in individual metabolic cages. Compared to the conventional diet (18% crude protein and 3214 kcal/kg metabolic energy) of group C, the diet of E group had included 789 mg mixture of plants/kg feed. At the final of the experiment the piglets were slaughtered and digesta samples were collected from jejunum and ileum for microbiological analysis. For jejunum, a significant (P<0.05) decrease of Staphylococci spp. (log10 CFU/g) concentration in E group was noticed correlated strongly negative with a statistically significant (P<0.05) increasing concentration of Lactobacillus spp. (log10 CFU/g) concentration. The results were similar for ileum. This dietary mixture of plants had some effects on microbial population of piglets’ jejunum and ileum to help positively the intestinal changes of microbiota

Influence of botanic mixes high in carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) used in layer diets on the quality parameters of the eggs

SUMMARY For this study it was used 2 botanic mixes obtained through selection of plants rich in carotenoids: BA 1 (alfalfa meal, dry pumpkin pulp, dry marigold flowers) and BA 2 (dry buckthorn leaves, dry pumpkin pulp, dry red maize grains and dry marigold flowers). The experiment run for 6 weeks on 120 Lohmann Brown layers (aged 42 weeks). The layers were assigned to three groups (C, E1, E2) and were housed in special cages (4 layers per cage) stacked on three tiers. Group C was fed the standard diet formulation (corn, wheat, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, rice bran) with 16.45% CP and 2538.15 kcal/kg ME. Compared to diet C, the diet formulations for groups E1 and E2 included 2% BA 1 (E1) and 2% BA 2 (E2). Throughout the experiment it was sampled randomly 18 eggs per group in week 2 and in the final of the experiment. The eggs and egg components were weighed; it was also determined the colour intensity, the Haugh unit, egg freshness, eggshell thickness and eggshell breaking strength. In the end of the experiment, yolk colour intensity in E1 (5.87 ±0.89) and E2 (6.04±0.73) was significantly (P≤ 0.05) stronger compared to C (3.27±0.91). Throughout the experiment period, the Haugh unit was constantly higher in the experimental groups than in group C but statistically uninsured. The Haugh unit determinations in the eggs harvested in the end of the experiment and stored for 14 days was significant (P≤ 0.05) higher in E2 group then in C group

ADAPTATION OF THE QUALITY CONTROL OF THE POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND VITAMIN EENRICHED FEEDS TO THE EUROPEAN STANDARDS

Considering the new norms in feed quality checking (ANSVSA Order 51/2005 on the performance of the analytical methods and data interpretation), which are aligned to the European norms, the market for feeds implemented a checking system similar to the one for the food industry. These requirements stipulate that the laboratories for feed control must have validated methods for each sample assay. We therefore proposed to validate two chromatographic methods (HPLC and GC) for vitamin E and linolenic acid from the polyunsaturated fatty acids-enriched feeds for layers supplemented with 250 ppm vitamin E. The determined parameters were in agreement with SR EN ISO / CEI 17025:2005 as follows: exactness, reproducibility, sensitivity, accuracy, detection limit, quantification limit. We used for validation only certified reference materials and blanks, of analytical purity. We determined the incertitude for each validated method. We worked on two types of compound feeds for layers enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (I); with addition of flax seeds and with enriched linolenic acid (II). While the calculation of incertitude (10,62±0,44µg/g and 15,409±0,6µg/g for linolenic acid and 400±24 µg/g for vitamin E) shows that the methods range within admissible limits. The validated methods are proper for the determination of vitamin E and linolenic acid from feeds enriched in plant fat with a significant supplement of α-tocopherol

Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens and the Effect of Dietary Polyphenols, with Special Reference to Willow (Salix spp.) Bark Supplements—A Review

Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of a wide range of phytoadditives to counteract the harmful effects of heat stress in poultry. Willow (Salix spp.) is a tree with a long history. Among various forms, willow bark is an important natural source of salicin, β-O-glucoside of saligenin, but also of polyphenols (flavonoids and condensed tannins) with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity. In light of this, the current review presents some literature data aiming to: (1) describe the relationship between heat stress and oxidative stress in broilers, (2) present or summarize literature data on the chemical composition of Salix species, (3) summarize the mechanisms of action of willow bark in heat-stressed broilers, and (4) present different biological effects of the extract of Salix species in different experimental models

Effects of moderate (5%) levels of linseed in layer diets

SUMMARY The study evaluated the potential of a diet formulation for layers, with a moderate level (5%) of linseeds, to produce omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (alpha linolenic acid -alpha LNA and docosahexaenoic acid -DHA). The experiment was conducted on 108 Lohmann Brown layers (35-42 weeks of age) assigned to three groups. The diets for experimentals groups (E1 and E2) differed from the control (C) diet by the inclusion of 5% linseed or 20.2% full fat soy. The diets for group C and E1 contained 27 ppm vitamin E, while the diet for group E2 contained 250 ppm vitamin E. Feed intake, forage quality preservation in time, egg production, egg weight and egg components weight have been monitored throughout the experiment. Eighteen eggs per group were collected randomly (weeks of age 35, 37, 39 and 42) and average samples of egg yolk were formed (3 eggs/sample). The samples were assayed for the gross chemical composition, pH (determined one week after the harvesting of eggs which were kept in a refrigerator at 4 0 C), fatty acids profile and vitamin E concentration. The 5% dietary linseeds treatment produced eggs enriched in alpha LNA and DHA without affecting layer performance. The determinations performed on week of age 37 show that both alpha LNA and DHA were in significantly higher concentrations (p≤0.05) in the eggs from the linseed treated groups than in the eggs from group C. The 250 ppm vitamin E in the diet for group E2 preserved the quality of the feed and increased vitamin E concentration in the egg yolk. The eggs from group E2 were used in a clinical study conducted at the Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest. The volunteers which consumed 6 eggs per week for six weeks had significantly lower serum triglycerides levels (p≤0.002) in the end of the survey than at the beginning of it

Coefficients of apparent absorption of the dietary nutrients from broiler feeds that include oil industry by-products (rapeseeds, grapes, buckthorn, flax and pumpkin meals)

A 42-day feeding trial was conducted on 120, day-old ROSS 308 chicks assigned to 4 (C; E1; E2; E3) groups. The broilers were housed in three-tier digestibility cages (5 broilers/cage) which allowed the daily recording of the feed intake and excreta located in an experimental hall with controlled environmental conditions (27.07±2.750 C; humidity 64,80±9,57%; light regimen 23h). During the starter stage (1-10 days) all chicks received a conventional compound feed (C). During the grower and finisher stages, compared to C formulation, the experimental diets different proportions, varying with the stage of development, of rapeseeds and grape meals (E1), buckthorn and flax meals (E2), pumpkin meal (lot E3). The balance study was conducted for 5 days, during weeks 4 and 6. During this period, average weights from each two cages (6 samples/group) of feed consumed and excreta voided (dry matter basis) were recorded and sampled for: dry matter, nitrogen, fat, fibre, ash and gross energy analysis. The chicks from E1 group had a lower (P≤0.05) coefficient of dietary nitrogen absorption than E2 chicks. The coefficients of apparent absorption of the dietary fat varied with the period of development. During the finishing stage, E3 chicks had a higher (P≤0.05) coefficient of fibre absorption than groups C, E1 and E2

Production parameters, carcass development and blood parameters of the broiler chick fed diets which include rapeseed, flax, grape and buckthorn meals

A feeding trial was performed on 75, day-old ROSS 308 chicks assigned to 3 groups (C, E1 and E2) to test new feeding solutions for broilers using oil industry by-products. In the starter phase (0-10 days), all chicks received a conventional compound feed. In the other two stages (growing, finishing), compared to the conventional diet given to the C group, the diet formulations of the experimental groups included different proportions, depending on the phase of development, rapeseeds meal and grape pomace (E1) and flaxseeds meal and buckthorn meal (E2). The compound feed for group E2 had significantly (P≤0.05) higher ω-3 PUFA concentrations than groups C and E1. Six blood samples/group were collected in the end of the feeding trial, used for biochemical and haematological determinations. Six chicks/group were slaughtered on day 42, to measure carcass and internal organs development. The feed intake and gains were monitored throughout the experimental period (10-42 days). At 42 days, E2 broiler chicks had significantly (P≤0.05) lower body weight than C broiler chicks. Serum glycaemia, cholesterol and trygliceride concentrations were significantly (P≤0.05) lower in E2 chicks than in C chicks, by 17.94 %, 25.70 % and 42.05%, respectively