The influence of climatic conditions changes on grain yield in Winter Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittm.)

The aim of this paper is making out the influence of climatic changes on grain yield of winter triticale in relation with applied fertilizer. The influence of environmental conditions on growing and development of triticale plants depends of grow stages and their duration. During five experimental years (2010-2015) the climatic conditions were different year to year, with an accentuated heating trend, influencing plant phenology, accelerating or slowing down some important processes disturbing grain yield formation. The influence of drought is more accentuated by heating stress and prolonging of these conditions during the main phenological processes have a negative influence on plant growth or development with effect on the grain yield formation process

MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) TO PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND NITROGEN APPLICATIONS

Wheat lodging is a serious problem in cereal production in many areas. Grain yield reductions almost always accompany lodging, with the magnitude of loss dependent on the cultivar, growth stage and severity of lodging. The synthetic plant growth regulators (PGRs) such as chlormequat chloride (CC),  trinexepac-ethyl (TE)  can prevent lodging by reducing stem elongation and improving mechanical strength of the stem. A field experiment was conducted during the 2018-2019 growing season at the experimental field of the Agricultural Research and Development Station, located at Turda, to evaluate the effect of TE and CC on winter wheat morpho-physiological traits such as plant height, LAI, numbers of spikes m-2, lodging and grain yield of three winter wheat genotypes that are tall and with a high lodging susceptibility Arieşan, Apullum and Bezostaia, tested at different rates of applied nitrogen fertilizer in combination with foliar treatment with trinexapac-ethyl and chlorocholine chloride sprayed over the foliage. The influence of the TE treatment and CC treatment on the morpho-physiological traits studied in this experience was not the same for all the genotypes. Both PGR decreased plant height, more TE treatment than CC treatment. CC treatment influenced more than TE the increase of LAI and number of spikes m-2, witch leaded to the increase of grain yield where CC treatment was applied

Effects of climatic changes upon the variability of some productivity characters in winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittm.)

The global acceleration warm conditions determine an additional stress for plant growth and development stages with a high impact on plant grain yield performances. During five experimental years the climatic conditions varied quite a lot so that the main productivity elements: the number of grains/spike, weight of grains per spike and number of spikes per square meter had different values which influencing final grain yield. Analyzing the relationship between rainfall/temperature and grain yield, including its components, can be observed a strong relation between those especially in the first growth stages (from plant emergence and vegetative restarting in early spring). Climatic conditions have manifested an important influence also in the last phenophases of winter triticale plant with a negative influence on grain yield. Being a process of long duration, grain yield formation is strongly affected by temperature (r=0.89) and rainfall conditions (r=0.45).