Effect of farmyard manure and fertilizer application on crop yield, runoff and soil erosion and soil organic carbon under rainfed pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

A field experiment with four treatments namely control- no application of manure and fertilizer (T1), application of farmyard manure (FYM) at the rate of (@) 5 tonnes/ha/year (T2), application of FYM @ 5 tonnes/ha/year + N:P: K@100: 60: 40 every year (T3) and application of FYM @ 10 tonnes/ha/year + N:P:K @ 100: 60: 40 every year (T4) in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz) was conducted on sandy loam soils of central Gujarat from 2009 to 2011 under rainfed condition. Plants under T4 were 14 cm, 40.4 cm and 34.2 cm taller than T1 at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at the time of harvest respectively. Plant height in T3 at the time of harvest was at par with T4. Final biomass under T4 was 25.3, 94.4, and 36.6% higher than T1 during 2009, 2010, and 2011 respectively that gave overall gain of 59.2% in pooled data. Biomass under T4 was 1.2, 5.9 and 11.1% higher as compared to T3 at the time of harvest during 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. Effect of application of higher dose of manures in combination with fertilizer (T4) was more prominent in terms of yield as compared to plant height and biomass. Yield under T4 was 153.9, 112.8, and 20.2% higher than T1, T2 and T3 respectively during 2010 whereas it was 70.5, 34.4 and 21.7% higher during 2011. All growth parameters under T2 and T3 were intermediate between T4 and T1. Runoff coefficient was in the range of 22.7 to 30.2% during 2010 and 12.3 to 13.4% during 2011 that was in decreasing order from T1 to T4. As compared to T1, T4 registered 27.7 and 30% per cent low seasonal soil loss in 2010 and 2011 respectively. Application of FYM@ 5 tonnes/ha/year (T2) over the control (T1) had more prominent effect in reducing runoff and soil loss where as application of NPK @ 100:60:40 in addition to FYM@ 5 t/ha (T3) showed no significant effect on runoff and soil loss. Sediment concentration was high in initial few runoff events, highest under T1 and lowest under T4. Strong linear relation (R2 > 0.92) of sediment concentration under T1 with sediment concentration under rest of the treatments was observed. Total soil organic carbon up to depth of 90 cm was 3.43 kg/m2 under T4 that was higher by 0.13 kg/m2 as compared to T1. Improvement in SOC was more prominent in 0-15 cm layer and it was 23.8% higher in T4 as compared to T1. Irrespective of the depth of samples, SOC were high in water stable aggregates (WSA) of size > 0.5 mm. Higher SOC in WSA of 0-15 cm soil as compared to deeper soil were recorded in all the treatments with highest in case of T4. Application of FYM @ 10 tonnes/ha/year + N:P:K @ 100: 60: 40 showed high gain during favourable weather condition in terms of better crop growth parameters, higher yield, lower runoff, lower soil loss and built-up of SOC

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Not AvailablePeople’s participation in watershed management programmes is an important strategy of government of India for making watershed programmes successful. Participation of local beneficiary farmers is mandatory in planning, implementation and maintenance of watershed development projects as per common guidelines issued by Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has launched holistic watershed development programmes on 2nd October, 2006 to help farmers in the six distressed districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra in India. Therefore there is a need to know the level of participation by the local people in government sponsored watershed management programmes. The study was conducted during 2011 – 2012 in this Vidarbha region of Maharashtra to measure the extent of people’s participation in NABARD Supported Holistic Watershed Development Programme (NSHWDP). In this paper a detailed structured three-point-continuum schedule was developed by the investigators regarding various aspects of participation by local people in soil and water conservation for watershed management programme. People’s Participation Index (PPI) was also designed to compute the extent of people’s participation. Data for this study was gathered through personal interviews from farmers of six selected districts in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Findings of this study indicated that the extent of people’s participation in planning was 63.7 per cent, in implementation was 57.7 per cent and in maintenance was 75.1 per cent. It shows that the extent of people’s participation in NSHWDP in the six distressed districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra was moderate during watershed programme planning and implementation phases, whereas, high level of participation was exhibited during maintenance phase.Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePeople’s participation in watershed management programmes is an important strategy of government of India for making watershed programmes successful. Participation of local beneficiary farmers is mandatory in planning, implementation and maintenance of watershed development projects as per common guidelines issued by Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has launched holistic watershed development programmes on 2nd October, 2006 to help farmers in the six distressed districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra in India. Therefore, there is a need to know the level of participation by the local people in government sponsored watershed management programmes. The study was conducted during 2011 – 2012 in this Vidarbha region of Maharashtra to measure the extent of people’s participation in NABARD Supported Holistic Watershed Development Programme (NSHWDP). In this paper a detailed structured three-point-continuum schedule was developed by the investigators regarding various aspects of participation by local people in soil and water conservation for watershed management programme. People’s Participation Index (PPI) was also designed to compute the extent of people’s participation. Data for this study was gathered through personal interviews from farmers of six selected districts in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Findings of this study indicated that the extent of people’s participation in planning was 63.7 per cent, in implementation was 57.7 per cent and in maintenance was 75.1 per cent. It shows that the extent of people’s participation in NSHWDP in the six distressed districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra was moderate during watershed programme planning and implementation phases, whereas, high level of participation was exhibited during maintenance phase.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe study was conducted during 1998-2001 in the Integrated Wasteland Development Project (IWDP), Antisar watershed, located in Kapadwanj Taluka of Kheda district in semi-arid tropics of Gujarat state to assess the attitude of farmers towards participation in soil and water conservation program for watershed development. A data collection schedule was developed regarding attitude of farmers towards participation in watershed program. Statement Intensity Index (SII) was also developed in the study and intensity indices scores towards each attitude statement regarding participation in watershed program were measured. The study revealed that majority (71.83%) of the male farmers had shown moderately favourable attitude towards Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) program, followed by 16.90% of them with low favourable attitude and hardly 11.27% of the male farmers showed high favourable attitude towards participation in SWC program. Similarly, among the female farmers, majority (74.04%) of them had moderately favourable attitude, followed by about 11.89% of the female farmers with low favourable attitude and 12.04% had high favourable attitude towards participation in SWC program for watershed development. Among the overall majority (72.70%) of both male and female farmers, more than two-third exhibited moderately favourable attitude, followed by 16.07% of them had low favourable attitude and only about 10.0% (11.23%) exhibited high favourable attitude towards participation in watershed program.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe study was conducted during 1997-2003 in the Integrated Wasteland Development Project (IWDP), Antisar watershed, located in Kapadwanj Taluka of Kheda district in Gujarat state in India. The Antisar watershed was developed in participatory mode by involving local people in decision making and adoption of various soil and water conservation (SWC) interventions for sustainable development. In the participatory watershed development process, a set of suitable technologies were tested by farmers on their farm as well as community land in the watershed area with their part contribution as money or labour and under guidance of multidisciplinary team of scientists of Project Implementing Agency (PIA). Bottom-up approach was adopted in the Antisar watershed development by involving the local farmers to take decisions in planning, implementation and maintenance of SWC practices adopted for the watershed development. The participation of male and female beneficiary farmers was high in the watershed development programme. The Antisar watershed development programme was fruitful up to the satisfaction of farmers as well as scientists of PIAto mitigate the water scarcity condition in the area due to ground water recharge for sustainable agricultural production.Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePeople’s participation in watershed management programmes is an important strategy of government of India for making watershed programmes successful. Participation of local beneficiary farmers is mandatory in planning, implementation and maintenance of watershed development projects as per common guidelines issued by Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has launched holistic watershed development programmes on 2nd October, 2006 to help farmers in the six distressed districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra in India. Therefore, there is a need to know the level of participation by the local people in government sponsored watershed management programmes. The study was conducted during 2011 – 2012 in this Vidarbha region of Maharashtra to measure the extent of people’s participation in NABARD Supported Holistic Watershed Development Programme (NSHWDP). In this paper a detailed structured three-point-continuum schedule was developed by the investigators regarding various aspects of participation by local people in soil and water conservation for watershed management programme. People’s Participation Index (PPI) was also designed to compute the extent of people’s participation. Data for this study was gathered through personal interviews from farmers of six selected districts in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Findings of this study indicated that the extent of people’s participation in planning was 63.7 per cent, in implementation was 57.7 per cent and in maintenance was 75.1 per cent. It shows that the extent of people’s participation in NSHWDP in the six distressed districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra was moderate during watershed programme planning and implementation phases, whereas, high level of participation was exhibited during maintenance phase.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA study was conducted during 2007-2010 to characterize the morphology of different order streams and to measure the alteration in cross section and bank of different order streams of Mahi River. Field monitoring of stream bank morphological parameters and alterations in cross sections and banks of different order streams was carried out at different sections of 6 categorized streams which are Mahi River, adjoining lower order streams directly draining into Mahi, 1 order streams, 2 order streams, 3 order streams, and 4 order streams. The stream bank morphological conditions such as soil texture, bank angles, bank shapes and alterations in stream banks and channel cross sections of different category streams in different locations were collected and analysed. Results revealed that concave banks of all the category streams and straight banks of adjoining streams directly draining into Mahi and 1 order streams are the vulnerable locations which needs immediate attentionfor controlling bank erosion or flood havoc.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableStudy of onsite water balance is very important to understand ecosystem response to global climate change. Measurement or estimation of various hydrological component processes is necessary for this. Canopy interception losses of rainfall affect the amount of water reaching the soil in several ways, and are therefore of relevance to many hydrological investigations. Several authors studied throghfall and stemflow partitioning in different forest species but it is found difficult to measure them in grass species like bamboo. Keeping these considerations in view, an attempt was made to measure the fractions of rainfall as throghfall, stemflow and interception loss of bamboo plantation in degraded ravine lands under semiarid climatic condition of Central Gujarat, India. The low cost plastic stemflow collar with attached raingauge was used to record the stemflow amount and intensity without involving much manpower and is found economical and simple than costly and sophisticated instruments. The analysis revealed that the throughfall varied from 43 to 72%, stemflow varied from 7 to 22% and interception losses varied from 12 to 50% of the rainfall. The funnelling ratio varied from 22-91. The high stem flow amount and funnelling ratio of bamboo plants in comparison to deciduous and coniferous plants makes better rainfall absorption and hydrologically best suited plantation in degraded ravine lands.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableEstimates on lost reservoir capacity in India provide an alarming picture. There are several instances of soil erosion and sedimentation with run-off water. The cost of sediment removal from a large reservoir may be high, in addition to cost of dam construction. The present article estimates the loss to economy by siltation of Sardar Sarovar reservoir through loss of electricity generation and agricultural productivity. The article also suggests adoption of intensive soil and moisture conservation measures on scientific lines from protection viewpoint.Not Availabl