Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pemilihan Metode Nilai Wajar untuk Properti Investasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor – faktor yang memengaruhi Perusahaan dalam memilih metode nilai wajar untuk properti investasi. Dalam penelitian ini metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan melakukan studi empiris pada Perusahaan non-keuangan yang memiliki dan melaporkan properti investasi dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling menghasilkan 87 sampel Perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2011-2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel ukuran Perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap pemilihan metode nilai wajar untuk properti investasi. Sedangkan variabel tingkat utang, informasi asimetri, selisih keuntungan revaluasi nilai wajar, dan kepemilikan saham tidak berpengaruh terhadap pemilihan metode nilai wajar untuk properti investasi. Hal ini diduga karena Perusahaan lebih memilih untuk menggunakan metode akuntansi yang konservatif, dan untuk menghindari biaya – biaya tambahan pada saat merubah metode. Selain itu, diduga karena Perusahaan ingin menghindari regulasi perpajakan yang mengatur mengenai penilaian ulang aset tetap. Kata Kunci: Properti investasi, PSAK 13, metode nilai wajar, metode biaya, tingkat utang, ukuran Perusahaan, informasi asimetri, selisih keuntungan revaluasi nilai wajar, kepemilikan saham. This study is aimed to analyze the influence of factors that affect company to choose fair value method for investment properties. In this study the analyze data used is quantitative approach by using the empirical study in the non-financial company which has and report investment properties by using purposive sampling results 87 samples from different companies which are registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2011-2013. This study is using logistic regression method. The results showed that the variable company size affects the selection of fair value method for investment properties. However, the variable leverage, information asymmetry, difference between the fair value revaluation gains, and share ownership has no effect for company to choose fair value method for investment properties. It is presumed because company prefers the more conservative accounting method and to avoid unexpected expenses when it changes the recording method used. Also, it is presumed because company wants to avoid tax regulation that set about revaluation for non-current assets. Key Words: Investment Properties, PSAK 13, fair value method, cost method, leverage, company size, information asymmetry, difference between the fair value revaluation gains, share ownership. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abor, J., & Biekpe, N. (2006). An Emperical Test of the Agency Problems and Capital Structure of South African Quoted SMEs. SAJAR, Vol. 20, No. 1, 51-65. Ankarath, N., Mehta, K., Ghosh, T.P., & Alkafaji, Y. (2012). Memahami IFRS: Standar Pelaporan Keuangan Internasional. Jakarta: Indeks. Beatty, A., Weber, J.J., & Yu. (2008). “Conservatism and Debt”. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 45, 154 – 174. Bebczuk, R. N. (2003). Asymmetric Information in Financial Markets: Introduction and Application. Cambridge University Press. Departemen Keuangan Indonesia. (2008). Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 79/PMK.03/2008 tentang Penilaian Kembali Aktiva Tetap untuk Tujuan Perpajakan. diakses pada tanggal 4 Juni 2015, (http://www.sjdih.depkeu.go.id/fullText/2008/79~PMK.03~2008Per.HTM) Farahmita, S. & Siregar, S. V. (2014). Faktor – faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kemungkinan Perusahaan Memilih Metode Nilai Wajar untuk Properti Investasi. Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia. Ferry, M.G., & Jones, W.H. (1979). Determinants of financial structure: A new methodological approach. Journal of Finance, 01 XXXXIV. Ghozali, I. (2005). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan program SPSS. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. Gibson, C.H. (1990). Financial Statement Analysis, Using Financial Accounting Information (Fourth Edition). Boston: Pws – Kent Publishing Company. Greene, W. H. (2003). Econometrics Analysis (Fifth Edition). Prentice Hall. Ikatan Akuntansi Indonesia. (2011). Exposure Draft Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi No. 13. Jakarta: IAI. Ishak, H. S., Tahir, H. H. M., Ibrahim, M. K., & Wahab, W. A.E. (2012). “Determinants of Accounting for Investment Property (FRS 140) in Property Sector: Evidence from Malaysia,” research paper presented at 3rd International Conference on Business and Economic Research, March 2012, Bandung, Indonesia. Manurung, A. H. (2013). Teori Informasi Asimetris. Jakarta: Adler Manurung Press Muller. K.A., Riedl. E. J., Sellhorn. T. (2008). “Causes and Consequences of Choosing Historical Cost versus Fair Value.” working paper. Harvard Business School. REI: Pertumbuhan Real Estate Masih Tinggi. (2013). Diakses dari halaman The President Post: http://thepresidentpostindonesia.com/2013/11/11/rei-pertumbuhan-real-estate-masih-tinggi/ Quagli. A., & Avallone. F. (2010). “Fair Value or Cost Model? Drivers of Choice for IAS 40 in the Real Estate Industri.” European Accounting Review. Vol 19. No. 3. 461 – 493. Ross, S. A., Westerfield, R. W., & Jordan, B. D. (2008). Corporate Finance Fundamentals (8th edition). New York : McGraw Hill. Schall, L. D., & Haley, C. W. (1992). Introduction financial management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Sudarmadji, A. K. & Sularto, L. (2007). “Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, leverage, dan Tipe Kepemilikan Perusahaan Terhadap Luas Voluntary Disclosure Laporan Keuangan Tahunan”, Proceeding PESAT, Volume 2. Suwito & Herawaty. (2005). ”Analisis Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan terhadap Tindakan Perataan Laba yang dilakukan oleh Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Jakarta”. SNA VIII Solo. September. Umar, H. (2003). Metodologi Penelitian Untuk Skripsi dan Tesis Bisnis. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka. Waluyo. (2010). Perpajakan Indonesia. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Watts, R. L. & Zimmerman, J. L. (1978). Towards a positive theory of the determination of accounting standards, Accounting Review, 53(1), 112–133. Watts, R. L., & Zimmerman, J. L. (1990). “Positive Accounting Theory: A Ten Year Perspective.”American Accounting Association, 131-156

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Tingkat Pengungkapan Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Provinsi di Indonesia

This study is aimed to analyze the factors affecting the level of disclosure in the financial statements of the provincial governments in Indonesia. The subjects in this study are the Summary of Financial Statements Examination Results of Provincial Governments in Indonesia conducted by the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK). In this study, the sample included 30 provinces with a 3-year reporting period. Samples were selected using purposive sampling method. The analytical tool used is multiple regression analysis. Based on the analysis that has been done, it shows that the capital expenditure and number of population give significant positive effects on the level of disclosure in the financial statements of the provincial governments in Indonesia

Investigation of the Coupling Potential by means of S-matrix Inversion

We investigate the inelastic coupling interaction by studying its effect on the elastic scattering potential as determined by inverting the elastic scattering $S$-matrix. We first address the effect upon the real and imaginary elastic potentials of including excited states of the target nucleus. We then investigate the effect of a recently introduced novel coupling potential which has been remarkably successful in reproducing the experimental data for the $^{12}$C+$^{12}$C, $^{12}$C+$^{24}$Mg and $^{16}$O+$^{28}$Si reactions over a wide range of energies. This coupling potential has the effect of deepening the real elastic potential in the surface region, thereby explaining a common feature of many phenomenological potentials. It is suggested that one can relate this deepening to the super-deformed state of the compound nucleus, $^{24}$Mg.Comment: 12 pages with 3 figure

Identifying light pollution sources at two major observatories in Malaysia

A spectral observation and analysis were conducted in order to identify the main contributor of sky brightness at two of Malaysia’s most active observatories. The light pollution observations were carried out under moonless clear night sky with a 90 mm refractor telescope and SBIG’s Self Guiding Spectrograph. We found that the main contributor to Balai Cerap Teluk Kemang (BCTK) sky brightness is High Pressure Sodium (HPS) street lighting due to its number and density used within 5 km radius of the observatory. HPS spectral lines dominate the spectrum between 556 - 640 nm, agrees with the orange hue visible to the naked eye. The intensity due to HPS lighting is so high that there was no trace of the concerned white LED spotlight less than 1 km away. However, some traces of elements from Mercury Vapor (MV) lamps at 3.6 km distance managed to reach the observatory in the green spectrum. The finding concludes that the nearby LED spotlight does not affect the night sky brightness over BCTK. Meanwhile, Langkawi National Observatory (LNO) sky profile was also observed during heavy fishing season as comparison. The sky spectra for LNO was similar to BCTK in the reds except for a very distinct peak in green region corresponding highly with green MV (532 - 547 nm) with peaks at 536 nm and 546 nm, matches the lamps used for squid fishing around the island. The intensity of the green MV light matches the intensity of HPS light sources, during the observation period of peak squid season in January. This made LNO a far less favorable condition for astronomical observing site compared to BCTK. We also found that LNO sky has brightened 3.767 times compared to finding of 2013

Simulation-aided production of aircraft's composite parts

Simulation has been successfully applied in many different areas such as manufacturing, service system, healthcare, transportation, supply chain, and etc. The opportunities to cut costs and to improve service levels in these sectors are tremendous by applying this technology. One of the largest application areas for simulation modelling is that of manufacturing systems, which has been applied for more than 40 years. This study is conducted at the local manufacturing plant that manufactures composite products for the aerospace industry. In this study, simulation technique is applied to model the existing system to simulate the design and operational policies of the plant production process, which can be used to improve the performance of the different activities at the plant. The model focused on activities at Secondary Manufacturing Area (SMA) of aircrafts composites parts

Quantitative imaging of dielectric permittivity and tunability with a near-field scanning microwave microscope

We describe the use of a near-field scanning microwave microscope to image the permittivity and tunability of bulk and thin film dielectric samples on a length scale of about 1 micron. The microscope is sensitive to the linear permittivity, as well as to nonlinear dielectric terms, which can be measured as a function of an applied electric field. We introduce a versatile finite element model for the system, which allows quantitative results to be obtained. We demonstrate use of the microscope at 7.2 GHz with a 370 nm thick barium strontium titanate thin film on a lanthanum aluminate substrate. This technique is nondestructive and has broadband (0.1-50 GHz) capability. The sensitivity of the microscope to changes in relative permittivity is 2 at permittivity = 500, while the nonlinear dielectric tunability sensitivity is 10^-3 cm/kV.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Rev. Sci. Instrum., July, 200

Influence of temperature and applied potential on the permeability of polyphenol films prepared on vitreous carbon in acid and alkaline media

The electrochemical polymerization of phenol is known to rapidly produce a thin insulating film at the anode surface. This film generally blocks further polymerization. The objective of this study is to show that, depending on the operating conditions, polymeric films resulting from phenol oxidation present different properties and that certain films can be so porous that they allow the oxidation of phenol to continue. The deposition of polyphenol films with improved permeability could be attractive in the removal of phenol from polluted solutions. Polyphenol films were prepared in aqueous solution on a vitreous carbon anode either by cyclic voltammetry or by electro-oxidation at constant potential. The apparent permeability P (%) of the films prepared by these techniques was evaluated by monitoring changes in the electrode response towards phenol and potassium ferricyanide at 25 and 85°C and as a function of the potential applied during electropolymerization performed either in acidic (1 mol L-¹H₂SO₄) or in alkaline (1 mol L-¹ NaOH) aqueous solution. It was shown that: (1) the polyphenol film electrosynthesized in alkaline medium was more permeable than that prepared in acidic medium, (2) the apparent permeability was higher when the polyphenol film was electrosynthesized with simultaneous oxygen evolution and (3) the use of a high temperature in the polyphenol film preparation, especially in the presence of a concomitant oxygen evolution, significantly enhanced its apparent permeability (P ≥ 100 %). These results are interpreted in terms of a mixed-transport mechanism involving both pore and membrane diffusion. The effect of the permeability of the polymeric film on the removal of phenol from aqueous solution by electropolymerization is discussed

Influence of temperature and applied potential on the permeability of polyphenol films prepared on vitreous carbon in acid and alkaline media

The electrochemical polymerization of phenol is known to rapidly produce a thin insulating film at the anode surface. This film generally blocks further polymerization. The objective of this study is to show that, depending on the operating conditions, polymeric films resulting from phenol oxidation present different properties and that certain films can be so porous that they allow the oxidation of phenol to continue. The deposition of polyphenol films with improved permeability could be attractive in the removal of phenol from polluted solutions. Polyphenol films were prepared in aqueous solution on a vitreous carbon anode either by cyclic voltammetry or by electro-oxidation at constant potential. The apparent permeability P (%) of the films prepared by these techniques was evaluated by monitoring changes in the electrode response towards phenol and potassium ferricyanide at 25 and 85°C and as a function of the potential applied during electropolymerization performed either in acidic (1 mol L-¹H₂SO₄) or in alkaline (1 mol L-¹ NaOH) aqueous solution. It was shown that: (1) the polyphenol film electrosynthesized in alkaline medium was more permeable than that prepared in acidic medium, (2) the apparent permeability was higher when the polyphenol film was electrosynthesized with simultaneous oxygen evolution and (3) the use of a high temperature in the polyphenol film preparation, especially in the presence of a concomitant oxygen evolution, significantly enhanced its apparent permeability (P ≥ 100 %). These results are interpreted in terms of a mixed-transport mechanism involving both pore and membrane diffusion. The effect of the permeability of the polymeric film on the removal of phenol from aqueous solution by electropolymerization is discussed

Short and canonical GRBs

Within the "fireshell" model for the Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) we define a "canonical GRB" light curve with two sharply different components: the Proper-GRB (P-GRB), emitted when the optically thick fireshell of electron-positron plasma originating the phenomenon reaches transparency, and the afterglow, emitted due to the collision between the remaining optically thin fireshell and the CircumBurst Medium (CBM). We outline our "canonical GRB" scenario, with a special emphasis on the discrimination between "genuine" and "fake" short GRBs.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, in the Proceedings of the "Gamma Ray Bursts 2007" meeting, November 5-9, 2007, Santa Fe, New Mexico, US