Reiter v. Cooper and Unreasonable Rates: Are Reports of the Field Rate Doctrine’s Death Greatly Exaggerated?

Denna studies huvudsyfte är att ta reda på hur pedagoger planerar och arbetar med att hos sina elever utveckla de fem stora förmågorna inom matematik. Dessa fem förmågor är: Begreppsförmåga, kommunikationsförmåga, procedurförmåga, analysförmåga samt metakognitiv förmåga. För att finna svar på den frågeställning som studien har, gällande hur planeringen och arbetet med förmågorna ser ut, användes en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Genom kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer med sex pedagoger samlades data in. De data som intervjuerna genererade analyserades sedan med hjälp av tidigare forskning och litteratur inom området. I den tidigare forskningen och litteraturen presenteras hur en planering och arbetet med de fem stora förmågorna kan och bör se ut. I studien presenteras även en bakgrund till begreppet The Big Five samt hur dessa kan och bör planeras och arbetas med i relation till matematiken. Avslutningsvis presenteras de resultat som framkommit. I dessa framgår att de pedagoger jag intervjuat på de flesta sätten, följde de råd, tips och kriterier som tidigare forskning och övrig litteratur ansåg att planering och undervisning i de matematiska förmågorna bör bygga på. Dock fann jag två punkter där förbättringar kan och bör ske. Dessa gäller hur material vid genomgångar och under arbetet med förmågorna på ett bättre sätt bör anpassas för eleverna, så att de oavsett var de ligger kunskapsmässigt kan få ta del av och förstå vad och hur förmågorna ska tränas. Pedagogerna bör även bli bättre på att samarbeta med övriga skolämnen och på så sätt förbättra förutsättningarna för- och utvecklandet i förståelsen i förmågorna samt ytterligare inse nyttan av att kunna och använda sig av matematik

Toxicologic evaluation of the migration of a plasticizer, DI (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from vinyl plastics

The intravenous administration of DEHP solubilized by means of a number of different detergents leads to respiratory distress and death in rats. At autopsy the lungs are grossly enlarged, edamatous, and hemorrhagic. Light and electron microscopic evaluation of the lungs indicate engorgement of the interalveolar septa with edema fluid and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, degranulation of the leukocytes, and progessive destruction of the endothelial and epithelial cells. Consistent with the conclusion that solubilized DEHP results in a syndrome of "shock lung" is the associated massive fall in arterial blood pressure and the prevention of the lung pathology by pretreatment with pharmacologic doses of an antiinflammatory steroid, methylprednisolone. Evidence is also presented that suggests that the DEHP inadvertently administered to humans during transfusions is also in a solubilized state in the plasma

Central Asia Wars and Ethnic Conflicts – Rebuilding Failed States

human development, culture

Analysis of Problems Encountered in R and D Project Management

Types and frequencies of problems encountered by project and laboratory managers working on 32 government-supported projects in aerospace and electronics industrie

A Proposal for a Comprehensive Restructuring of the Public Information System

After more than ten years of legislative, judicial and bureaucratic tinkering, the public information system created by the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is still far from satisfactory. The present public information system has not been successful because its drafters lacked imagination and failed to do the basic work necessary to create a sound foundation for such a comprehensive program. They failed to analyze the realistic goals of a public information system; they ignored the ultimate goals of improved government performance; they misrepresented the system\u27s costs, both in monetary expense to taxpayers and in diminished government performance. They considered neither alternative techniques nor the problem of designing the public information system as an integral part of the total governmental structure. Actual open government for the benefit of the general populace will be possible only if the basic weaknesses of the present system are explored in depth. This Article is an appeal to Congress to undertake the careful analysis necessary to construct a workable, useful public information system

Shock-Wave Heating Model for Chondrule Formation: Prevention of Isotopic Fractionation

Chondrules are considered to have much information on dust particles and processes in the solar nebula. It is naturally expected that protoplanetary disks observed in present star forming regions have similar dust particles and processes, so study of chondrule formation may provide us great information on the formation of the planetary systems. Evaporation during chondrule melting may have resulted in depletion of volatile elements in chondrules. However, no evidence for a large degree of heavy-isotope enrichment has been reported in chondrules. In order to meet this observed constraint, the rapid heating rate at temperatures below the silicate solidus is required to suppress the isotopic fractionation. We have developed a new shock-wave heating model taking into account the radiative transfer of the dust thermal continuum emission and the line emission of gas molecules and calculated the thermal history of chondrules. We have found that optically-thin shock waves for the thermal continuum emission from dust particles can meet the rapid heating constraint, because the dust thermal emission does not keep the dust particles high temperature for a long time in the pre-shock region and dust particles are abruptly heated by the gas drag heating in the post-shock region. We have also derived the upper limit of optical depth of the pre-shock region using the radiative diffusion approximation, above which the rapid heating constraint is not satisfied. It is about 1 - 10.Comment: 58 pages, including 5 tables and 15 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa