Secularism's Others: The legal regulation of religion and hierarchy of citizenship

The chapter sets out two contrasting models of secularism – one that is based on equal treatment of religion and the other which is based on complete separation between religion and the state. I demonstrate how these apparently competing models are both based on a religious majoritarianism and use the constitutional discourse of secularism as a method to target religious minorities. Using a comparative analysis of the workings of secularism in India and France, I illustrate how it emerges as a mechanism for directing religious minorities, in particular Muslims, to assimilate to the claims of the majority faith, and simultaneously cast those who refuse to do so as belligerent and a threat. Focusing my discussion on the constitutional challenges to Muslim women’s rights regarding divorce in India, as well as the veil bans in France, I highlight how the fact that these religious minorities are citizens of India and France respectively, does not automatically entitle them to recognition as fully belonging. Faith becomes a basis for rendering the “other” as in a state of constan

Indian psychiatric survey schedule (IPSS)

The paper describes the development of Indian Psychiatric Survey Schedule (IPSS) which is designed to inquire about the presence of 124 psychiatric symptoms and 10 items of historical information in the general population. The symptoms as well as the items of historical information are the same as those in IPIS (Kapur et al., 1974) but because of a multi-stage procedure adopted with IPSS, the inquiry takes much less time than that for IPIS. - A "preliminary interview schedule" which is meant for all members of the population can be used by a nonpsychiatrist after a short period of training. The other sections in IPSS, that is "detailed inquiry with the subject", "detailed inquiry with an informant" and "observations during interview" are completed when necessary by a trained psychiatrist who also gives a physical examination when somatic symptoms are reported. - The paper describes the reasons why a multi-stage procedure was designed, a pilot study which helped reach certain decisions regarding the construction of the schedule and the results of a study carried out to test the level of agreement obtained when three non-psychiatrists (after a short period of training) and a psychiatrist used the preliminary interview schedule with 40 hospital patients and 40 members of the general population

Health Savings Accounts for Small Businesses and Entrepreneurs: Shopping, Take-Up and Implementation Challenges

A combination of high deductible health plans (HDHPs) and health savings accounts (HSAs) holds promise for expanding health insurance for small firms. We provide information on HSA take-up and shopping behavior from a 2008 survey of female small business owners, revealing that the HSA marketplace can be confusing for small firms. HSAs may have expanded access to health insurance for the smallest firms (under three employees), but not for small firms more generally. A sizable number of firms offering HSA-eligible insurance did not offer attached HSAs. Firms offering HSAs were satisfied with their experiences, but faced challenges in implementing them.Health Savings Accounts, Health Insurance Costs, Small Business

Health Savings Accounts for Small Businesses and Entrepreneurs: Shopping, Take-Up and Implementation Challenges

A combination of high deductible health plans (HDHPs) and health savings accounts (HSAs) holds promise for expanding health insurance for small firms. We provide information on HSA take-up and shopping behavior from a 2008 survey of female small business owners, revealing that the HSA marketplace can be confusing for small firms. HSAs may have expanded access to health insurance for the smallest firms (under three employees), but not for small firms more generally. A sizable number of firms offering HSA-eligible insurance did not offer attached HSAs. Firms offering HSAs were satisfied with their experiences, but faced challenges in implementing them.Health Savings Accounts, Health Insurance Costs, Small Business

Antibody localization in horse, rabbit, and goat antilymphocyte sera

The localization of antibodies was studied in rabbit, goat, and horse ALS raised by weekly immunization with canine or human spleen cells for 4 to 12 weeks. A combination of analytic techniques was used including column chromatography, electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, determination of protein concentration, and measurement of antibody titers. In the rabbit and goat ALS, virtually all of the leukoagglutinins and lymphocytotoxins were in the easily separable IgG; accidentally induced thromboagglutinins were in the same location. In the rabbit hemagglutinins were found in both the IgG and IgM, whereas in the goat these were almost exclusively in the IgM. The antiwhite cell antibodies were most widely distributed in the horse. The cytotoxins were primarily in the IgG, but the leukoagglutinins were most heavily concentrated in the T-equine globulin which consists mostly of IgA. By differential ammonium sulfate precipitation of a horse antidoglymphocyte serum, fractions were prepared that were rich in IgG and IgA. Both were able to delay the rejection of canine renal homografts, the IgA-rich preparation to a somewhat greater degree. The findings in this study have been discussed in relation to the refining techniques that have been used for the production of globulin from heterologous ALS. © 1970

A duplicated spinous process of the C7 vertebra

Normally the 7th cervical vertebra (C7) has a long non-bifid spine. A bifid spine is a feature of typical cervical vertebrae such as C3–C6. In contrast to past studies, which have described a bifid spine in the C3–C6 cervical vertebrae, this study is a report on the presence of a duplicated spinous process in the C7 vertebra with an intervening space. The presence of such anomalies may be associated with other congenital anomalies and needs a careful and thorough clinical approach. This is an extremely rare finding which may be of clinical interest to radiologists, neurologists, orthopaedic surgeons, anthropologists and forensic personnel. The present case report describes the anatomical details in the bone specimen along with its radiological picture in a case of a duplicated spinous process of the C7 vertebra