UC: a language for the connection machine

n designing parallel languages, the concern for defining a simple virtual machine must be balanced against the need to efficiently map a program on a specific architecture. UC addresses this problem by separating the programming task from efficiency considerations. UC programs are designed using a small set of constructs that include reduction, parallel assignment, and fixed-point computation. The language also provides a map section that may optionally be used by a programmer to specify data mappings for the program. The authors describe the UC constructs and their implementation on the Connection Machine. They also present measurements of the compiler for simple benchmarks

Evaluation of existing limited sampling models for busulfan kinetics in children with beta thalassaemia major undergoing bone marrow transplantation

Busulfan pharmacokinetic parameters are useful in predicting the outcome of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Standard pharmacokinetic measurements require multiple blood samples. Various limited sampling models (LSM) have been proposed for reducing the sample number required for these measurements, essentially for patients with malignant disorders undergoing BMT. This study was undertaken to evaluate the existing LSM for busulfan pharmacokinetics to find out the most suitable method for patients with thalassaemia major undergoing BMT. Busulfan levels in plasma samples were analysed by HPLC. The AUC calculated by non-compartmental analysis using the program 'TOPFIT' was compared with previously published LSMs. Our seven sample pharmacokinetic data for AUC calculation was compared with the published LSMs. The three sample models suggested by Chattergoon et al and Schuler et al showed significant agreement with AUC TOPFIT (R2 = 0.98 and 0.94, respectively) in our clinical context. Other models resulted in significant over or under representation of observed values (Vassal's model R2 = 0.61; Chattergoon's two sample model R2 = 0.84; four sample model R2 = 0.83; Schuler's two sample model R2 = 0.79). By these data the three sample LSM proposed by Chattergoon et al and Schuler et al are suitable for calculation of the AUC in patients with thalassaemia major undergoing BMT conditioned with oral busulfan

Trajectories and twists: perspectives on marketing agility from emerging markets

Age-old ways of making marketing decisions—caricatured by annual plans, quarterly reports, and inflation-adjusted budgets—are being questioned today, and new, agile, and presumably more effective approaches are being pitched and embraced (see Brown and Eisenhardt 1998; Reis 2011). So it feels timely and right to focus on marketing agility as a research subject, especially as markets are changing dramatically and technology allows us to radically change the way we develop and market products and services. Given this reality, Kalaignanam et al. (2021, hereinafter Kalaignanam et al.) provide a valuable contribution to the field by offering a precise definition of a concept that is—like many concepts that attain buzzword status—too often fuzzily defined and loosely framed. By differentiating marketing agility from other related concepts and highlighting some its drivers and boundary conditions, they have also provided a means for practitioners to think clearly and comprehensively about the concept and to benefit from the insights of others who have implemented the idea. In this commentary, we offer a perspective on Kalaignanam et al. by focusing on digital products in emerging markets. Why? Because just as automakers developing new vehicles assess their robustness and durability in extreme conditions of heat and cold, we aim to assess the robustness and durability of the Kalaignanam et al. perspective on marketing agility in extreme conditions of uncertainty and change. Digital products and emerging markets, for reasons we argue subsequently, represent such extreme conditions in which to assess the idea of marketing agility. Those making decisions in extreme conditions can serve as—to use the memorable phrase of Keynes (1932)—the “advance guard” for others seeking to make agile decisions in periods of great change. Having witnessed and (in the case of Nick Hughes) participated in the dramatic growth of digital products and services in Africa and Asia, we hope to contribute a perspective on marketing agility that assesses and complements Kalaignanam et al

Determination of the breakpoint and molecular diagnosis of a common α-thalassaemia-1 deletion in the Indian population

The previously described South African type α-thalassaemia-1 mutation was identified in Indian HbH patients using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy. A multiplex PCR assay was devised to detect heterozygotes and homozygotes. This α-thalassaemia-1 mutation was found to be the commonest determinant causing HbH disease in this population. In one family this mutation was found in combination with a novel splice donor mutation α2 IVS I-1 (G→A). Characterization of the breakpoint junction sequence revealed, in addition to a 23 kb deletion, that there was an addition of ~160 bp bridging the breakpoints. Similar to other deletions in the α-globin gene cluster, there is an Alu repeat-mediated mechanism for the origin of the deletion

Treatment of children with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia with arsenic trioxide: a single center experience

A total of 11 children (five males and six females) with hypergranular type of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) were treated with intravenous arsenic trioxide (As2O3) between December 1998 and October 2003. Eight cycles of As2O3 (0.15 mg/kg/day) were administered (induction, consolidation and six cycles of maintenance) over a period of 12 months. The median WBC count at diagnosis was 3400/mm3 (range: 800-9800). In all, 10 patients (91%) achieved hematological remission at a mean duration of 48 days (range: 41-60) with all 10 patients achieving molecular remission at a median duration of 81 days (range: 64-109). Toxicity was minimal with leukocytosis in six patients, ichthyosis and hyperpigmentation of skin in five and mild peripheral neuropathy in one patient. One patient who relapsed 6 months after completing therapy achieved a second hematological and molecular remission with As2O3. With a median follow-up of 30 months (range: 4-62), the overall (OS) survival is 91% with a relapse-free survival (RFS) of 81%. As2O3 achieves hematological and molecular remission in majority of newly diagnosed children with APML with minimal toxicity, but long-term follow-up is required to evaluate late effects of As2O3 and study the minimum dose and duration required for a sustained remission

Molecular remission with arsenic trioxide in patients with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia

Thirty six APML patients achieving hematological remission with As2O3 were serially monitored using RT-PCR. Though only 5.5% achieved molecular remission at induction remission, 94.5% became negative during consolidation. At 20 months follow-up, 85% remain in remission but longer follow up studies are needed to monitor late relapses

Response to high-dose dexamethasone for acquired pure red cell aplasia following ABO-mismatched allogeneic stem cell transplantation

This article does not have an abstract

Load-shedding probabilities with hybrid renewable power generation and energy storage

The integration of renewable energy resources, such as solar and wind power, into the electric grid presents challengs partly due to the intermittency in the power output. These difficulties can be alleviated by effectively utilizing energy storage. We consider, as a case study, the integration of renewable resources into the electric power generation portfolio of an island off the coast of Southern California, Santa Catalina Island, and investigate the feasibility of replacing diesel generation entirely with solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines, supplemented with energy storage. We use a simple storage model alongside a combination of renewables and varying load-shedding characterizations to determine the appropriate area of PV cells, number of wind turbines, and energy storage capacity needed to stay below a certain threshold probability for load-shedding over a pre-specified period of time and long-term expected fraction of time at load-shedding

Dense Building Instrumentation Application for City-Wide Structural Health Monitoring

The Community Seismic Network (CSN) has partnered with the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to initiate a campus-wide structural monitoring program of all buildings on the premises. The JPL campus serves as a proxy for a densely instrumented urban city with localized vibration measurements collected throughout the free-field and built environment. Instrumenting the entire campus provides dense measurements in a horizontal geospatial sense for soil response; in addition five buildings have been instrumented on every floor of the structure. Each building has a unique structural system as well as varied amounts of structural information via structural drawings, making several levels of assessment and evaluation possible. Computational studies with focus on damage detection applied to the campus structural network are demonstrated for a collection of buildings. For campus-wide real-time and post-event evaluation, ground and building response products using CSN data are illustrating the usefulness of higher spatial resolution compared to what was previously typical with sparser instrumentation

Fludarabine-based conditioning for allogeneic stem cell transplantation for multiply transfused patients with Fanconi's anemia

A fludarabine-based protocol (fludarabine (25 mg/m/day × 6 days), cyclophosphamide (10 mg/kg/day × 2 days) and ATG (ATGAM 10 mg/kg/day × 4 days)) was used in four multiply transfused Fanconi's anemia (FA) patients aged 5-15 years to reduce rejection during allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and mini methotrexate. The graft source was G-CSF-stimulated bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in two patients each. All patients engrafted with median time to ANC>500/mm being 14 days (range: 12-17) and unsupported platelet count >20 ,000/mm being 13 days (range: 11-18). One patient had secondary graft rejection on day 56 and expired on day 69 due to fungal pneumonia. One patient who developed acute myeloid leukemia on day 56 underwent successful induction with cytosine and daunorubicin followed by peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) rescue on day 70 and is presently in remission with complete donor chimerism and grade I GVHD. At a median follow-up of 13 months (range: 4-21), three patients (75%) are well with complete donor chimerism. Addition of fludarabine to the conditioning regimen for BMT in FA can provide additional immunosuppression for engraftment without increasing toxicity