Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Sikap Remaja Tentang Perilaku Seksual Pranikah Pada Siswi Kelas X Di SMA Negeri 1 Manado

: Premarital sex is one of the biggest problems regarding various case of juvenile delinquency. Teenagers with well knowledge about premarital sex will tend to have positive attitude or go away from premarital sex behavior. Goal of this research was to know the attitude of teenagers about premarital sex behavior to X grade students in SMA Negeri 1 Manado. This research was based on observational studies by the approach of cross sectional study. Sample was taken by purposive sampling technique with a total of 68 respondents. Instrument used in this research was questionnaire. Results of this was used statistical technique of Chi square test with degrees of freedom = 0,05 or 95%. From the statistical test the value gotten was p = 0,000 < α = 0,05. Conclusion of this research that there are relationships between knowledge and attitude of teenagers about premarital sex behavior to X grade students in SMA Negeri 1 Manado

Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternative scenarios assessing disease burden trajectories if selected sets of risk factors were eliminated from current levels by 2050. Methods: Using forecasts of major drivers of health such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite measure of lag-distributed income per capita, mean years of education, and total fertility under 25 years of age) and the full set of risk factor exposures captured by GBD, we provide cause-specific forecasts of mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age and sex from 2022 to 2050 for 204 countries and territories, 21 GBD regions, seven super-regions, and the world. All analyses were done at the cause-specific level so that only risk factors deemed causal by the GBD comparative risk assessment influenced future trajectories of mortality for each disease. Cause-specific mortality was modelled using mixed-effects models with SDI and time as the main covariates, and the combined impact of causal risk factors as an offset in the model. At the all-cause mortality level, we captured unexplained variation by modelling residuals with an autoregressive integrated moving average model with drift attenuation. These all-cause forecasts constrained the cause-specific forecasts at successively deeper levels of the GBD cause hierarchy using cascading mortality models, thus ensuring a robust estimate of cause-specific mortality. For non-fatal measures (eg, low back pain), incidence and prevalence were forecasted from mixed-effects models with SDI as the main covariate, and YLDs were computed from the resulting prevalence forecasts and average disability weights from GBD. Alternative future scenarios were constructed by replacing appropriate reference trajectories for risk factors with hypothetical trajectories of gradual elimination of risk factor exposure from current levels to 2050. The scenarios were constructed from various sets of risk factors: environmental risks (Safer Environment scenario), risks associated with communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNNs; Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination scenario), risks associated with major non-communicable diseases (NCDs; Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario), and the combined effects of these three scenarios. Using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways climate scenarios SSP2-4.5 as reference and SSP1-1.9 as an optimistic alternative in the Safer Environment scenario, we accounted for climate change impact on health by using the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change temperature forecasts and published trajectories of ambient air pollution for the same two scenarios. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were computed using standard methods. The forecasting framework includes computing the age-sex-specific future population for each location and separately for each scenario. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings: In the reference scenario forecast, global and super-regional life expectancy increased from 2022 to 2050, but improvement was at a slower pace than in the three decades preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (beginning in 2020). Gains in future life expectancy were forecasted to be greatest in super-regions with comparatively low life expectancies (such as sub-Saharan Africa) compared with super-regions with higher life expectancies (such as the high-income super-region), leading to a trend towards convergence in life expectancy across locations between now and 2050. At the super-region level, forecasted healthy life expectancy patterns were similar to those of life expectancies. Forecasts for the reference scenario found that health will improve in the coming decades, with all-cause age-standardised DALY rates decreasing in every GBD super-region. The total DALY burden measured in counts, however, will increase in every super-region, largely a function of population ageing and growth. We also forecasted that both DALY counts and age-standardised DALY rates will continue to shift from CMNNs to NCDs, with the most pronounced shifts occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (60·1% [95% UI 56·8–63·1] of DALYs were from CMNNs in 2022 compared with 35·8% [31·0–45·0] in 2050) and south Asia (31·7% [29·2–34·1] to 15·5% [13·7–17·5]). This shift is reflected in the leading global causes of DALYs, with the top four causes in 2050 being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared with 2022, with ischaemic heart disease, neonatal disorders, stroke, and lower respiratory infections at the top. The global proportion of DALYs due to YLDs likewise increased from 33·8% (27·4–40·3) to 41·1% (33·9–48·1) from 2022 to 2050, demonstrating an important shift in overall disease burden towards morbidity and away from premature death. The largest shift of this kind was forecasted for sub-Saharan Africa, from 20·1% (15·6–25·3) of DALYs due to YLDs in 2022 to 35·6% (26·5–43·0) in 2050. In the assessment of alternative future scenarios, the combined effects of the scenarios (Safer Environment, Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination, and Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenarios) demonstrated an important decrease in the global burden of DALYs in 2050 of 15·4% (13·5–17·5) compared with the reference scenario, with decreases across super-regions ranging from 10·4% (9·7–11·3) in the high-income super-region to 23·9% (20·7–27·3) in north Africa and the Middle East. The Safer Environment scenario had its largest decrease in sub-Saharan Africa (5·2% [3·5–6·8]), the Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario in north Africa and the Middle East (23·2% [20·2–26·5]), and the Improved Nutrition and Vaccination scenario in sub-Saharan Africa (2·0% [–0·6 to 3·6]). Interpretation: Globally, life expectancy and age-standardised disease burden were forecasted to improve between 2022 and 2050, with the majority of the burden continuing to shift from CMNNs to NCDs. That said, continued progress on reducing the CMNN disease burden will be dependent on maintaining investment in and policy emphasis on CMNN disease prevention and treatment. Mostly due to growth and ageing of populations, the number of deaths and DALYs due to all causes combined will generally increase. By constructing alternative future scenarios wherein certain risk exposures are eliminated by 2050, we have shown that opportunities exist to substantially improve health outcomes in the future through concerted efforts to prevent exposure to well established risk factors and to expand access to key health interventions

Strategi Androgini Calon Legislatif pada Pemilu Serentak di Kecamatan Kuta Utara

Androgyny carried out by legislative candidates in North Kuta in an effort to make a strategy to win the 2019 legislative elections. The author uses the theory of Androgyny from Sandra Lipitz Beam, this theory is useful to imply aid assistance that you want to ask and support, depending on situational suitability. With the Porposive method, the author obtained the results of the study consisting of: Legislative candidates both men and women were able to improve the Androgynic character when consulting themselves with their constituents, looking for potential legislators related to their masculinity by using direct spaciousness and looking for direct use of spaciousness and looking for direct Interesting constituents interesting legislative is able to combine with the value of the character of women (feminine) with regard to women's welfare. The interesting author using the Androgyny strategy will be a new step in winning the legislative candidates' future strategies. Keywords : Androgyny, Political Campaign, and Gender Strateg

The Effect of Blue Green Algae (Spirulina Platensis) Extract in White Rat (RattusNorvegicus) Treated with Excessive Physical Exercise on Leydig Cell Number and Seminiferous Tubules Diameter

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Spirulina platensis extract on the amount of Leydig cells, amount of necrotic Leydig cells, and diameter of seminiferous tubules of rats treated with excessive physical exercise. The excessive physical exercise was done through 60 minutes of swimming for 35 days. Twenty white male rats were randomly divided into five groups i.e C-, control group, C+, a group was only receive swimming, T1, T2, and T3 was received 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg BW of Spirulina platensis and swimming. Spirulina platensis extract was given orally once a day before swimming. ANOVA followed by Duncan analysis showed significant differences among treatments. Excessive physical exercise influenced on male reproduction system through decreasing the amount of Leydig cells. The conclusion was a dose of 1200 mg/kg BW of Spirulina platensis extract could maintain the amount of Leydig cells, protected the Leydig cells from becoming necrotic, and increased the diameter of seminiferous tubules

PEMBELAJARAN DIGITAL

Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa internet telah mengubah keadaan pendidikan secara drastis selama 20 tahun terakhir ini. Hal tersebut memungkinkan komunikasi yang lebih terbuka dan cepat antara pendidik dan peserta didik. Sebelum adanya internet dan teknologi, pendidik dan sekolah memegang “monopoli” dalam menyebarkan ilmu pengetahuan. Namun setelah adanya revolusi teknologi informasi, dunia berubah lebih cepat dari sebelumnya. Melihat fenomena tersebut, pendidikan tidak lagi didefinisikan sebagai sebuah proses transfer pengetahuan dari pendidik kepada peserta didik. Definisi ini sangat personalisme (kontak antar orang dewasa dan anak menjadi batasan arti pendidikan), dan kini telah ditinggalkan oleh banyak orang. Pendidikan direvolusi oleh teknologi pembelajaran, di mana peserta didik memiliki keleluasaan dalam hal belajar, kapan saja mereka harus belajar, materi apa saja yang harus mereka pelajari, dengan bantuan apa mereka harus belajar. Semua itu telah tersedia pada era digital sekarang yang telah canggih. Begitu juga halnya dengan pendidikan, kini terdapat satu era di mana pendidikan tidak lagi berpusat pada orang atau pendidik, akan tetapi lebih dari itu kita sedang mengalami apa yang disebut era digitalisasi pendidikan. Setiap tempat adalah sekolah dan setiap hal yang ditemui adalah pendidik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, buku ini akan mencoba menjelaskan secara komprehensif terkait konsep pembelajaran di era digital, oleh karena itu buku ini sangat layak untuk dibaca sebagai panduan sekaligus literatur bagi siapapun yang memiliki minat terhadap wacana pembelajaran di era digital, terutama bagi kalangan mahasiswa, dosen ataupun peneliti

Excitation Energies from Real-Time Propagation of the Four-Component Dirac–Kohn–Sham Equation

We report the first implementation of real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) at the relativistic four-component level of theory. In contrast to the perturbative linear-response TDDFT approach (LR-TDDFT), the RT-TDDFT approach performs an explicit time propagation of the Dirac–Kohn–Sham density matrix, offering the possibility to simulate molecular spectroscopies involving strong electromagnetic fields while, at the same time, treating relativistic scalar and spin–orbit corrections variationally. The implementation is based on the matrix representation of the Dirac–Coulomb Hamiltonian in the basis of restricted kinetically balanced Gaussian-type functions, exploiting the noncollinear Kramers unrestricted formalism implemented in the program ReSpect. We also present an analytic form for the delta-type impulse commonly used in RT-TDDFT calculations, as well as a dipole-weighted transition matrix analysis, facilitating the interpretation of spectral transitions in terms of ground-state molecular orbitals. The possibilities offered by the methodology are illustrated by investigating vertical excitation energies and oscillator strengths for ground-state to excited-state transitions in the Group 12 atoms and in heavy-element hydrides. The accuracy of the method is assessed by comparing the excitation energies obtained with earlier relativistic linear response TDDFT results and available experimental data

Chemical composition and health benefits of coconut oil: an overview

Coconut oil is an integral part of Sri Lankan and many South Asian diets. Initially, coconut oil was classified along with saturated fatty acid food items and criticized for its negative impact on health. However, research studies have shown that coconut oil is a rich source of medium-chain fatty acids. Thus, this has opened new prospects for its use in many fields. Beyond its usage in cooking, coconut oil has attracted attention due to its hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, antihepatosteatotic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and skin moisturizing properties. Despite all the health benefits, consumption of coconut oil is still underrated due to a lack of supportive scientific evidence. Even though studies done in Asian countries claim a favorable impact on cardiac health and serum lipid profile, the limitations in the number of studies conducted among Western countries impede the endorsement of the real value of coconut oil. Hence, long-term extensive studies with proper methodologies are suggested to clear all the controversies and misconceptions of coconut oil consumption. This review discusses the composition and functional properties of coconut oils extracted using various processing methods