FAMILY REUNIFICATION OF NON-EU NATIONALS IN IRELAND. ESRI RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 62 MAY 2017

Joining family is among the myriad reasons for migration, accounting for 30 per cent of all permanent migration into OECD countries in 2015 (OECD 2016). The right to family, or family unity, is a principle enshrined in international, European and domestic law. Family reunification promotes the integration of migrants already in the host country (INIS, 2016a; UNHCR, 2013). The EU Directive on the right to family reunification states that it helps to create socio-cultural stability, facilitating integration and promoting economic and social cohesion. Family reunification is also central to the protection mandate of UNHCR as it is fundamental to ensuring the protection and wellbeing of the individual family members and the integration of refugees (UNHCR, 2001). Family reunification is often a feature of national immigration systems used to attract highly skilled migrants. For example, research identifies the absence of clearly defined family reunification as a possible barrier to attracting non-EEA1 nationals to Ireland (Quinn and Gusciute, 2013). The purpose of this study is to analyse family reunification policy, law and practice in Ireland, considering recent changes in law and guidance. The study focuses on rules governing family reunification for non-EEA citizens. Some comparisons are drawn between the EU context and the Irish context where relevant

MIGRATORY PATHWAYS TO IRELAND FOR START-UPS AND INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURS. ESRI Research Series January 2020 102

The OECD recently noted a global trend towards introducing visas for start-ups and for entrepreneurs with innovative firms (OECD, 2019). That finding is borne out in this study which shows that 13 EU Member States now have a special admission scheme for start-up founders and innovative entrepreneurs from third countries in place. With the exception of those in Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom, all schemes were introduced in the last three years. Other Member States, such as Germany and Sweden, use alternative entry pathways that nonetheless focus on attracting start-ups and innovative entrepreneurs. The EU-level synthesis report for this study shows that in many Member States, promoting start-ups and innovative entrepreneurship in general is a national policy priority (EMN, 2019)

ILLEGAL EMPLOYMENT OF NON-EU NATIONALS IN IRELAND. ESRI RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 64 JULY 2017

Illegal employment of non-EU nationals can be defined in two ways, in reference to two different typologies: those who are legally resident working outside the conditions of their residence permit and/or without an Employment Permit, and those who are irregularly resident.1 Illegal employment is defined in this study to mean ‘economic activity carried out in violation of provisions set by legislation’ (European Migration Network, 2014). Illegal employment is hidden by nature, meaning estimating the scale both in Ireland and within the EU is challenging. According to research by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2015) high risk sectors tend to be characterised by low wages, long hours and a relatively high turnover in staff. Owing to its hidden nature, illegal employment often impacts upon workers’ fundamental rights. Combatting illegal employment is therefore both a social policy and fundamental rights objective, as employees’ rights are often violated (European Migration Network, 2017). This is the first comprehensive study on illegal employment concerning both regularly and irregularly staying non-EU nationals in Ireland, which outlines in detail policy and practice with input from a variety of stakeholders. Its purpose is to provide an evidence base for national and EU policymakers, researchers, practitioners working with non-EEA nationals as well as the general public. The study focusses on policy, law and practice in relation to: prevention measures and incentives for compliance, direct policy initiatives, inspections, sanctions and outcomes for people found to be working illegally

EUROPEAN MIGRATION NETWORK. ANNUAL REPORT ON STATISTICS ON MIGRATION, ASYLUM AND RETURN: IRELAND 2004

The current report provides analysis on statistics relating to migration and asylum in Ireland. The majority of the data have been supplied by Eurostat and where other sources have been used this is marked below the relevant table. Data are not available on all of the requested items. The main migration-related event of interest in 2004 was the accession of ten new EU Member States in May. In addition a referendum was held on the acquisition of Irish citizenship in 2004. Regarding asylum the effects of substantial changes to the 1996 Refugee Act, introduced in September 2003, can be seen in some of the 2004 data. Available data on population by citizenship, residence permits, apprehended non-Irish nationals and refused/returned immigrants by citizenship are limited

EUROPEAN MIGRATION NETWORK. POLICY ANALYSIS REPORT ON ASYLUM AND MIGRATION: IRELAND, REFERENCE YEAR MID-2004 TO 2005

Immigration into Ireland reached a record high of 70,000 in the year ending April 2005, having been boosted by large numbers of migrants arriving from the ten EU Accession States. Emigration fell again to 16,600 in the same period. The number of work permits issued in the reference period of this report (July 2004–December 2005) fell substantially reflecting the fact that migrant workers from the EU10 no longer require a permit to work in Ireland. The number of asylum applications continued to fall in the period. This decline may be related to domestic policy as new measures to speed up the asylum system were introduced as well as to a general fall in asylum applications in industrialised countries during the period (UNHCR, 2005). Recent trends in immigration and asylum are discussed in Section 2

Cognitive and mood assessment tools for use in stroke

No abstract available

EUROPEAN MIGRATION NETWORK. ANNUAL REPORT ON STATISTICS ON MIGRATION, ASYLUM AND RETURN: IRELAND, REFERENCE YEAR 2003

Table 1 shows recorded immigration and emigration flows and total population for the years 1999-2005. In the 1990s Ireland changed from being a country of net emigration to being a country of net immigration. For example, in the year to the end of April 1990 about 56,000 people left Ireland and about 33,000 people entered so that there was a net loss of population of nearly 23,000 people. The total population in April 2003 was estimated at 3.98 million – the highest figure since 1871 when the Census for that year recorded a population of 4.05 million. The estimated number of immigrants in 2003 was 50,100 while emigrants numbered 18,500 in the same period. Both flows were down slightly compared with the previous twelve-month period

Sexing the Male: Manifestations of Masculinity in Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, and Villette

Abstract: This project considers Emily and Charlotte Brontë\u27s constructions of masculinity in Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, and Villette. There is a vast proliferation of scholarship focusing on gender in the Victorian Era, but as much of this criticism focuses on women, the analysis of heterosexual masculinity in these novels provides a unique perspective on the complexities involved in gender constructions during this period. Masculine identity was in a transitory state in the early nineteenth century, as Romantic values were replaced by Victorian conceptions of masculinity, largely influencing the expectations of men. This paper argues that based on an understanding of femininity and masculinity as defined in relation to each other, the Brontë heroes look to the female characters as a source of stability to define themselves against, constructing a stagnant feminine role to frame an understanding of how masculinity was changing. The female characters resist this categorization, however, never allowing the men to fully classify them into stable feminine roles, which leads both shifting gender roles to intertwine and collapse in the novels, undermining any conceptualization of a stable or universal understanding of gender. The paper considers the role of masculinity based in class, relationships with women, and the understanding of sexual passion, to argue that the Brontës\u27 portrayal of men emulates the anxieties surrounding the shift from Romantic to Victorian values of manliness, ultimately rejecting any stable definition of the nineteenth-century man

EUROPEAN MIGRATION NETWORK. POLICY ANALYSIS REPORT ON ASYLUM AND MIGRATION: IRELAND, REFERENCE YEAR 2003 TO MID-2004

In the last ten years or so Ireland has changed from being a country of net emigration to being a country of net immigration. In the year to the end of April 1994 about 35,000 people left Ireland and about 30,000 people entered so that there was a net loss of population of nearly 5,000 people. In the year to the end of April 2004 about 18,000 people left and just over 50,000 people entered resulting in a net gain in population of almost 32,000 people. Over the same period the number of people who have sought asylum in Ireland under the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the status of refugees has increased from 91 in 1993 to 7,900 in 2003

PRACTICAL MEASURES FOR REDUCING IRREGULAR MIGRATION: IRELAND. ESRI European Migration Network

Irish policy towards irregular migration is influenced by the State’s geographical position, at the north-western periphery of Europe, by the Common Travel Area (CTA) shared with the UK the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey and by the fact that the State is an island with one land border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. In addition, Ireland and the UK have discretion as to whether the States opt in to EU measures relating to immigration and asylum