Un nouveau capteur industriel de mesure du temps de coagulation du lait: le coagulometre

National audienc

Diagnostic pastoral en alpage

The pastoral diagnosis is a work that has been done conjointly by Cemagref, CERPAM and INRA-SAD in the National Park of Ecrins. In view of a global management of the alpine pastures, the diagnosis includes the pastoralism, the natural heritage protection (fauna, flora) and the multiple uses. A methodological sequence is proposed. It includes the morphological analysis of the pastoral unit, the estimation of the forage resource, the inventory of the inside and outside constraints of the grazing system, the pastoral aptitude of the sections of grazingland, the present utilisation analysis, and finally the actual diagnosis with management proposals. / Le diagnostic pastoral est un travail mené conjointement pa le Cemagref, le CERPAM, et l'INRA-SAD dans le Parc National des Ecrins. Dans la perspective d'une gestion globale des alpages, le diagnostic intègre le pastoralisme, la protection du patrimoine naturel (faune, flore) et le multiusage. Un itinéraire méthodologique est proposé. Il comprend l'analyse morphologique de l'unité pastorale, l'estimation de la ressource fourragère, l'inventaire des contraintes internes et externes au système pastoral, l'aptitude pastorale des secteurs d'utilisation, l'analyse de l'utilisation actuelle, enfin le diagnostic proprement dit assorti de propositions de gestion

Traitement mathematique du signal du coagulometre pour la mesure du temps de floculation du lait

National audienc

Impact of elevated CO2 on shellfish calcification

Ocean acidification resulting from human emissions of carbon dioxide has already lowered and will further lower surface ocean pH. The consequent decrease in calcium carbonate saturation potentially threatens calcareous marine organisms. Here, we demonstrate that the calcification rates of the edible mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) decline linearly with increasing pCO2. Mussel and oyster calcification may decrease by 25 and 10%, respectively, by the end of the century, following the IPCC IS92a scenario (∼740 ppmv in 2100). Moreover, mussels dissolve at pCO2 values exceeding a threshold value of ∼1800 ppmv. As these two species are important ecosystem engineers in coastal ecosystems and represent a large part of worldwide aquaculture production, the predicted decrease of calcification in response to ocean acidification will probably have an impact on coastal biodiversity and ecosystem functioning as well as potentially lead to significant economic loss.