Cointegrated money in production function: evidence from a developing country

The notion that real money balances is a factor input has attracted considerable amount of attention from researchers and academicians. However, the debate is controversial and the consensus has yet to be developed. This issue becomes more important when a country follows contractionary monetary policy to curb inflation. The limited research for developing countries with sophisticated econometric techniques powered us to conduct this study. The underlying study employs cointegration approach to investigate the validity of money in production function of a developing country for the period 1964-2008. The cointegration results confirm money as an important factor input in the production function in the long run. The variance decomposition results surface money as greater contributor than labor and capital to output variability.Money, Production Function, Cointegration

Tunable and Growing Network Generation Model with Community Structures

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the modeling and simulation of social networks to understand several social phenomena. Two important classes of networks, small world and scale free networks have gained a lot of research interest. Another important characteristic of social networks is the presence of community structures. Many social processes such as information diffusion and disease epidemics depend on the presence of community structures making it an important property for network generation models to be incorporated. In this paper, we present a tunable and growing network generation model with small world and scale free properties as well as the presence of community structures. The major contribution of this model is that the communities thus created satisfy three important structural properties: connectivity within each community follows power-law, communities have high clustering coefficient and hierarchical community structures are present in the networks generated using the proposed model. Furthermore, the model is highly robust and capable of producing networks with a number of different topological characteristics varying clustering coefficient and inter-cluster edges. Our simulation results show that the model produces small world and scale free networks along with the presence of communities depicting real world societies and social networks.Comment: Social Computing and Its Applications, SCA 13, Karlsruhe : Germany (2013

Petrography and geochemistry of Khewra Trap, a unique ultrapotassic rock in the Salt Range of Pakistan

Abstract HKT-ISTP 2013 A

ON PERFORMANCE OF QUANTUM LOCKING FOR WHEEL-LESS TRANSPORTATION

Transportation has continuously been a vital side of human civilization reflective the extent of general economic and technological advancement of a given society. The recent technological advancements in power electronics are pushing for Maglev train using Quantum locking. For levitation the most important factor is temperature which is affecting the efficiency of the train. In this work we have compared different prototypes of Maglev trains including Japanese, German and Chinese technologies. We also did mathematical modeling to relate the magnetic force required for a certain weight of the train to levitate.  We suggest that Japanese maglev is better than Germany and china maglev

Cointegrated money in production function: evidence from a developing country

Abstract The notion that real money balances is a factor input has attracted considerable amount of attention from researchers and academicians. However, the debate is controversial and the consensus has yet to be developed. This issue becomes more important when a country follows contractionary monetary policy to curb inflation. The limited research for developing countries with sophisticated econometric techniques powered us to conduct this study. The underlying study employs cointegration approach to investigate the validity of money in production function of a developing country for the period 1964-2008. The cointegration results confirm money as an important factor input in the production function in the long run. The variance decomposition results surface money as greater contributor than labor and capital to output variability. We are thankful to Rehana Siddiqui, Wasim Shahid Malik, Faiz Ur Rehman and the referee for their valuable comments. All the errors and omissions are the responsibility of the authors

ON PERFORMANCE OF QUANTUM LOCKING FOR WHEEL-LESS TRANSPORTATION

Transportation has continuously been a vital side of human civilization reflective the extent of general economic and technological advancement of a given society. The recent technological advancements in power electronics are pushing for Maglev train using Quantum locking. For levitation the most important factor is temperature which is affecting the efficiency of the train. In this work we have compared different prototypes of Maglev trains including Japanese, German and Chinese technologies. We also did mathematical modeling to relate the magnetic force required for a certain weight of the train to levitate.  We suggest that Japanese maglev is better than Germany and china maglev

Assessment of multi-components and sectoral vulnerability to urban floods in Peshawar – Pakistan

Over the last two decades, urban floods and their impacts have been on the rise worldwide, owing to both climatic changes and human activities. The present study examines different at-risk elements, such as residential, commercial, and critical facilities, to evaluate their multi-components of vulnerability to urban floods in Peshawar, Pakistan. Based on the impacts of urban floods, the weightage of each component of the vulnerability for the selected elements at risk is defined. This study presents and uses the modified Fisher's ideal quantity index to combine the different vulnerability components into a single value. Additionally, the Patnaik and Narayan vulnerability index is employed to generalize sector-wise vulnerabilities across the study area. The results show that the old physical infrastructure of commercial and manufacturing units in the Kohati Gate area is highly vulnerable to urban floods, while the residential units are the least susceptible due to their distanced location from the drainage system. In Hayatabad, encroachments along the torrent's sides, affecting housing and educational institutions, contributed to increased vulnerability to urban floods, despite their relatively lower physical vulnerability. The study provides a new platform for understanding the multi-components of vulnerability to urban floods and tackling the challenges posed by urban floods effectively

Temporal and Spatial Variations in Human Development Across the Districts of Punjab, Pakistan

The present study attempts to look into the temporal and spatial variations in human development across the districts of Punjab. The spatial variations in human development have been shown by calculating a district level Human Development Index (HDI) in Punjab for the year 2014. The temporal variation in human development for the districts of Punjab has been shown by comparing the HDI calculated in this paper with the HDI calculated for the same districts by Jamal and Khan (2007). However, the present work tries to correct some of the methodological issues in the work done by UNDP (2003) and Jamal and Khan (2007). Due to data constraints at the district level, UNDP (2003) and Jamal and Khan (2007) used health outcomes at the provincial level to calculate district health index in Pakistan. Similarly, they constructed income and education index by using some weak proxies. Income index was calculated by assuming equal share of services in gross domestic product (GDP) for all districts. For education index they considered adult literacy rate. Present study has used district level child survival rate for health index. Per capita income and mean years of schooling have been used for calculating for income and education index. The availability of data on child survival rate, income and mean years of schooling has been made possible by the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS, 2014) conducted by the Punjab Bureau of Statistics with the collaboration of UNDP and UNICEF. The results confirm the common perception of regional disparities in Punjab. Moreover, the temporal comparison of HDI points towards the widening of development gap between the regions of Punjab

Sub-lethal effects of lufenuron exposure on spotted bollworm Earias vittella (Fab): key biological traits and detoxification enzymes activity

Spotted bollworm, Earias vittella, is one of the most serious and devastating insect pests of vegetables and cotton. Currently, insecticides are necessary for its control in nearly all crop systems. In this paper, we evaluate the sub-lethal effects of lufenuron on biological traits and activity of detoxification enzymes: cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, esterase, and glutathione Stranseferase (GST) in second instar larvae of E. vittella. Results showed that sub-lethal concentrations (LC15 and LC40 of lufenuron), prolonged larval period (at LC40 = 13.86 ± 1.22 day, LC15 = 13.14 ± 1.15 day, control = 12.28 ± 0.7), pupal duration (LC40 = 11.1 ± day, LC15 = 11.8 ± 0.28 day, control = 9.40 ± 0.52), and extended mean generation time (LC40 = 27.3 ± 0.43 LC15 = 29.0 ± 1.19 day, control = 26.0 ± 0.65). Sub-lethal exposure significantly prolonged the pre-adult stage, decreased pupal weight, and reduced adult longevity in the parent (F0) and F1 generation. Moreover, the fecundity and egg viability were significantly lowered in parental and F1 generations at both sub-lethal concentrations compared to the control. While no significant effects were noted on reproductive parameters such as the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0) of F1 generation when compared to the control. Only mean generation time (T) in F1 at LC15 was significantly longer compared to the LC40 and control (LC40 = 3.79 ± 0.37, LC15 = 32.28 ± 1.55 day, control = 29.79 ± 0.55). Comparatively, the activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and esterase were higher than GST in treated populations. The increase in resistance development against insecticides may possibly because of elevated activity of detoxification enzymes. These results provide useful information for monitoring resistance in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for E. vittella