Herbicide Selectivity In The Early Development Of Alexander Palm And Peach Palm

Herbicides are an efficient weed-control method, and herbicide selectivity with regard to palm species is an important subject of agricultural research. Owing to a lack of studies in the literature regarding the use of herbicides on palm trees, especially during the early stages of growth, the present study aimed to evaluate the selectivity of some herbicides during the early development of Alexander palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae) and peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) seedlings. The study was conducted in two seasons in a completely randomized design with eight treatments and four repetitions. The herbicide treatments and dosages (g i.a. ha-1), were as follows: fluazifop-p-butyl (93.8), sethoxydim (184.0), quizalofop-p-ethyl (75.0) clethodim + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (50.0 + 50.0), fomesafen (225.0), lactofen (168.0), and nicosulfuron (50.0), and a no-herbicide control was included. The seedlings of both types of trees were transplanted into 3.1-L plastic containers. In the first study, herbicide was applied to Alexander palm seedlings of 25-30 cm in height. In the second study, herbicide was applied to Alexander palm seedlings of 30-40 cm in height. Herbicide was applied to peach palm tree seedlings of 40-55 cm in height in both studies. In peach palms only, the herbicides caused slight visible damage during early development. Collectively, the results suggested that all herbicides used are selective and can be used on peach palms during the various stages of development when there are one to four leaves. For Alexander palms, fluazifop-p-butyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, and lactofen were the only herbicides that did not affect early development during the stages when the plant had one to four leaves.3752891290

Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in the broiler production chain

ABSTRACT Brazilian chicken meat is exported to more than 150 countries and consumed by consumer markets that demand high quality and food safety, thus, requiring very strict control of pathogens present in food to guarantee these rigorous safety standards. This study evaluates the reports from the Salmonella spp. Control and Monitoring Program of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply of seven slaughterhouses inspected by the Federal Inspection Service from the western region of Paraná state, Brazil, from March 2017 to February 2019. The broiler litter swab and carcass analyses revealed a Salmonella spp. positivity ratio of 5.9% (19/319) and 23.5% (75/319), respectively. The concomitant presence of Salmonella spp. in the broiler litter swab and chicken carcasses occurred in 58% of the positive samples. The most frequently isolated serovar in the carcasses was Salmonella Heidelberg (85.3%) followed by Salmonella spp. (10.6%). During slaughter, carcass positivity to Salmonella spp. was significantly different (p=0.047) between the first (19.6%) and the second (29.4%) shifts. The results alert for the possibility of carcass contamination during slaughtering and, therefore, more stringent hygiene measures between shifts must be implemented to mitigate carcass contamination

Ametryn leaching on Red-Yellow Latosol and Red-Yellow Ultisol with different pH values

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o potencial de lixiviação do ametryn num Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo e num Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo utilizados com pastagens no Brasil, com diferentes valores de pH. Para isso, foram avaliados 120 tratamentos (quatro solos associados a três intensidades de chuva e 10 profundidades), em parcela subdividida no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Colunas de PVC de 50 cm de comprimento por 10 cm de diâmetro foram preenchidas com os solos e umedecidas; em seguida, aplicou-se o herbicida e simularam-se chuvas no topo delas, nas intensidades especificadas de acordo com o tratamento. Após 72 horas, todas as colunas foram dispostas na posição horizontal e abertas longitudinalmente, coletando-se amostras dos solos a cada intervalo de 5 cm de profundidade, para posterior extração e quantificação do herbicida e análise por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência - CLAE. Posteriormente, no restante das amostras de solo, semeou-se ao longo de cada coluna a espécie indicadora Cucumis sativus. Concluiu-se que solos com baixo teor de matéria orgânica e/ou pH mais elevado apresentaram maiores índices de lixiviação do ametryn. Além disso, o método do bioensaio foi mais eficiente na confirmação da lixiviação do ametryn em comparação à CLAE.The objective of this work was to evaluate ametryn leaching potential in soil used for pasture in Brazil (Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA) and Red-Yellow Ultisol (PVA)) with different pH values. Thus, 120 treatments were evaluated (four soils related to three rainfall intensities and 10 soil column depths). The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design in split-plots and three replications. PVC columns of 10 cm diameter by 50 cm length were filled with the soil samples, moistened and placed upright for 48 hours to drain the excess water. The herbicide was applied and rainfall was simulated on top of the columns at intensities specified according to the treatment. After 72 hours, the columns were opened longitudinally, placed in a horizontal position and soil samples were collected at each 5 cm interval depth for posterior herbicide extraction and quantification by liquid chromatography (HPLC). The remaining soil columns were sown with the indicator species (Cucumis sativus) in the substrate along the opening to evaluate ametryn leaching. After 21days of emergence, evaluations were conducted to verify the intoxication symptoms caused by ametryn in the plants. It was concluded that soils with low organic matter content and/or higher pH showed higher ametryn leaching rates, and that the bioassay method was more efficient in confirming ametryn leaching than liquid chromatography

Nutritional Evaluation Of Children With Chronic Cholestatic Disease

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)To evaluate the nutritional status of children with persistent cholestasis and to compare the anthropometric indices between children with and without liver cirrhosis and children with and without jaundice. Methods Children with persistent cholestasis, i.e. increased direct bilirrubin or changes in the canalicular enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), were included. The anthropometric measures were weight (W), height or length (H), arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), arm muscle circumference (AMC), and body mass index (BMI). Results Ninety-one children with cholestasis, with current median age of 12 months, were evaluated. W/age (A) and H/A indices below -2 Z-scores were observed in 33% and 30.8% of patients, respectively. Concerning the W/H index and BMI, only 12% and 16% of patients, respectively, were below -2 Z-scores. Regarding AC, 43.8% of 89 evaluated patients had some depletion. Observing the TST, 64% of patients had depletion, and 71.1% of the 45 evaluated patients had some degree of depletion regarding the ACM index. Conclusion Evaluation using weight in patients with chronic liver diseases may overestimate the nutritional status due to visceromegaly, subclinical edema, or ascites. Indices that correlate weight and height, such as W/H and BMI, may also not show depletion because of the chronic condition in which there are depletion of both weight and height. TST, AC, and ACM are parameters that better estimate nutritional status and should be part of the management of patients with liver diseases and cholestasis. © 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.922197205CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Species richness and functional structure of fish assemblages in three freshwater habitats:effects of environmental factors and management

In this study, the inverted trophic hypothesis was tested in the freshwater fish communities of a reservoir. The distribution of fish species in three freshwater habitats in the Jurumirim Reservoir, Brazil, was examined using both species richness and the relative proportions of different trophic groups. These groups were used as a proxy for functional structure in an attempt to test the ability of these measures to assess fish diversity. Assemblage structures were first described using non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The influence of environmental conditions for multiple fish assemblage response variables (richness, total abundance and abundance per trophic group) was tested using generalised linear mixed models (GLMM). The metric typically employed to describe diversity; that is, species richness, was not related to environmental conditions. However, absolute species abundance was relatively well explained with up to 54% of the variation in the observed data accounted for. Differences in the dominance of trophic groups were most apparent in response to the presence of introduced fish species: the iliophagous and piscivorous trophic groups were positively associated, while detritivores and herbivores were negatively associated, with the alien species. This suggests that monitoring functional diversity might be more valuable than species diversity for assessing effects of disturbances and managements policies on the fish community