Changes in the Cropping Pattern, Crop Concentration, Agricultural Efficiency in Papanasam Taluk, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, India

Cropping pattern simply means the proportion of area under different crops at a point of time, where us change in cropping pattern refers to the change in proportion of area under different crops at two different points of time.  The cropping pattern of any area is generally controlled by physical, socio economic and technological factors.  There are more than 20 crops with varying hectares are grown in this taluk.  Of these 20 crops only 5 crops based on the properties of land to the total area under cultivation alone has been considered for analysis.  Simple percentage obtained by dividing total area under crops, in to area of different crops. Paddy is the dominant crop in this taluk. During the year 1995-1996 to 2008-2009 the following are the major 5 major crops are taken in to cultivate in the study area. Such as Paddy 82.2%, Sugarcane 6.5%, Oilseeds 4.5%, Pulses 4.1% and Cotton 1.9% to the total cropped area in the taluk

A clinical study of feto outcome in pregnancies with abnormal liquor volume

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study the obstetric and perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated with abnormal liquor volume and to detect the etiological factors responsible for causing abnormal liquor volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted at Institute Of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, egmore, Chennai from October 2012 to September 2013. In this study, pregnant women with singleton, gestational age between 28- 42 weeks with oligohydramnios (AFI ≤ 5) and polyhydramnios (≥ 25) were taken as a study population. They were subjected to detailed history, clinical examination and ultrasound examination with Doppler and they were followed up through out the pregnancy and their fetal and maternal outcome were studied. RESULTS: � Most of the women with abnormal liquor volume were presented at term. Isolated oligohydramnios (37.33%) was the most common cause followed by post dated pregnancy (28.67%) in oligohydramnios group. Incidence of congenital anomalies were high in polyhydramnios (22%) than in oligohydramnios (4%). Incidence of induction of labour (65.33%), cesarean section(59.33%), fetal distress(76.4%), meconium stained liquor(57.33%), low 5 minutes APGAR, low birth weight(54%), IUGR(18.66%) and NICU admission(50.66%) were common in oligohydramnios group. � Idiopathic polyhydramnios (58%) were the first common cause of polyhydramnios, the second were congenital anomalies( 22%). Incidence of PROM(44.5%), preterm labour(14%), cord prolapse(6%),atonic PPH (4%), retained placenta(2%) were common in polyhydramnios group. Perinatal mortality were high in polyhydramnios than in oligohydramnios group. CONCLUSION: Isolated oligo and polyhydramnios in term gestation has better perinatal outcome compared to early onset and with associated conditions like hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, GDM, IUGR. A detailed history, clinical examination and relevant investigations should be done to identify the various etiological factors in all cases of abnormal liquor volume, to get better foetal outcome as well as to avoid the maternal complications

Effectiveness of neonatal care package on knowledge and practice regarding newborn care among primi gravid mothers at selected setting, Chennai, 2015

Aim and objective: To assess the effectiveness of Neonatal care package on knowledge and practice among primi gravid mothers. Methodology: Quantitative approach. Pre experimental design was adopted to assess the effectiveness of Neonatal care package on knowledge and practice among 60 primi gravid mothers who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria at Sir Ivan Stedeford Hospital and Teja Hospital. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples. The level of knowledge and practice was assessed by using structured knowledge questionnaire and observation checklist based on modified IAP guidelines. The pre test knowledge and intervention was administered during the admission in antenatal ward and post test level of knowledge was assessed on the second postnatal day. Post test level of practice was assessed on the first and second day for normal delivery mothers and second and third day for L.S.C.S mothers. Results: The study findings revealed that the pretest mean score of knowledge was 7.68 with standard deviation of 2.27 and was found to be statistically highly significant at p<0.001 level and the correlation revealed that the mean post test level of knowledge score was 10.21 with mean post test level of standard deviation of 1.88 and the post test practice score was 33.83 with post test level of standard deviation of 3.82. The statistically significant at p<0.01 level which showed that the Neonatal care package had a effectiveness on improving knowledge and practice among primi gravid mothers. Conclusion: The results depicted that there was a significant improvement of knowledge and practice among primi gravid mothers after administration of Neonatal care package

Promotion of tourism and available infrastructure facilities in Thanjavur district, Tamil nadu, India

Thanjavur district has been choosen for the study.  The district predominantly and an agricultural region lies in the eastern part of Cauvery delta.  It is the Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu.  It has so many Pilgrimage and historical centre.  The big Temple and the other famous temples in the district are known all over the world.  Thanjavur was the cultural capital of the country in 1790, Thanjavur gained prominence during the period of Chola Kings, who made it as their capital.  Thereafter, it was ruled by Nayaks and Maratta kings who natured art and culture.  The cultural, the architectural and the scholarly pursuits of these rulers are reflected in the great monuments like Grand Anaicut, Big Temple and Sarafoji Mahal, library etc.,  in the district.  In this study mainly for infrastructural facilities and other important tourist places are discussed in this study

Land Use Pattern and Cropping Pattern of Orthanadu Block, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu using GIS

Agriculture is the most fundamental activity of mankind. Agriculture refers to the art of raising plant from soil.  This study is mainly based by agriculture.  Ortahnadu block is located in the Eastern part of Thanjavur district in Tamilnadu. The land use patterns explain from agriculture cropping pattern and changes are analyzed. Two sets of data (1997&2009) were taken in this study. Primary and secondary data’s are collected and analyzed by cropping pattern and land use pattern. The two sets of land use category mostly varied from net area sown 56.8% to 50.0% and current follow lands are 1.1% to 13.3% of increased. Others lands are not more changes. At the same year of the cropping pattern details of paddy 79.9% to 81.6%, Pulses 3.1% to 2.8%, Oil seeds 14.9% to 13.6%, Fiber is not changes the cropping pattern

Protective Effect of Curcumin on Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Effects Induced by Repeated Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Particles in Mice

Particulate air pollution has been associated with increased risk of cardiopulmonary diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We have previously demonstrated that single dose exposure to diesel exhaust particle (DEP) causes lung inflammation and peripheral thrombotic events. Here, we exposed mice with repeated doses of DEP (15µg/animal) every 2nd day for 6 days (a total of 4 exposures), and measured several cardiopulmonary endpoints 48 h after the end of the treatments. Moreover, the potential protective effect of curcumin (the yellow pigment isolated from turmeric) on DEP-induced cardiopulmonary toxicity was assessed. DEP exposure increased macrophage and neutrophil numbers, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and enhanced airway resistance to methacoline measured invasively using Flexivent. DEP also significantly increased plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF α concentrations, systolic blood pressure (SBP) as well as the pial arteriolar thrombosis. It also significantly enhanced the plasma D-dimer and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Pretreatment with curcumin by oral gavage (45 mg/kg) 1h before exposure to DEP significantly prevented the influx of inflammatory cells and the increase of TNF α in BAL, and the increased airway resistance caused by DEP. Likewise, curcumin prevented the increase of SBP, CRP, TNF α, D-dimer and PAI-1. The thrombosis was partially but significantly mitigated. In conclusion, repeated exposure to DEP induced lung and systemic inflammation characterized by TNFα release, increased SBP, and accelerated coagulation. Our findings indicate that curcumin is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that prevents the release of TNFα and protects against the pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of DEP

Agricultural concentration and cropwise changes in Thanjavur district, Tamilnadu using geographical information system

The paper presents an overview of agricultural cropping concentration and crop wise changes in Thanjavur district.&nbsp; The study area is mainly for plain area topography and &ldquo;Rice bowl of Tamilnadu&rdquo;. The study area is mainly suitable for climatic conditions, so the agriculture production is high. But recently the agricultural production is slowly decreased. Data of cropping pattern or concentration is taken for 10 years crop wise changes and used for analysis. The data&rsquo;s collected were all secondary sources of information from statistical office and soil survey offices in Thanjavur district. The study area extends to an area of 3397sq k.ms. The District is divided into 8 taluks and 14 blocks with a total population of 2,402,781 persons according to 2011 census. The district is located in the Eastern coast of Tamil Nadu.&nbsp; The study area is consist of 14 toposheets and the scale of 1:50,000. Based on the data of crop-wise changes the data analysed using GIS for mapping.&nbsp; &nbsp