35 research outputs found

    Sterowanie nawadnianiem i fertygacja tensjometrami w uprawie papryki i truskawki w podlozu organicznym w szklarni

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    W uprawie papryki i truskawki w nieogrzewanej szklarni, w workach z tkaniny polipropylenowej wype艂nionych pod艂o偶em torfowo-korowym, stosowano nawadnianie lub fertygacj臋 sterowane tensjometrami przy 50 hPa do 110 hPa potencja艂u wodnego pod艂o偶a (pwp). Stwierdzono wyst臋powanie stres贸w wodnych w warunkach mniej wilgotnego pod艂o偶a tj. przy uruchamianiu urz膮dze艅 nawadniaj膮cych po przekroczeniu 110 hPa pwp a przy s艂onecznej pogodzie i temperaturach ponad 30 掳C r贸wnie偶 przy 90 hPa. W pojemnikowej uprawie w ograniczonych ilo艣ciach pod艂o偶a torfowo-korowego dla papryki i dla truskawki, korzystn膮 okaza艂a si臋 stosunkowo wysoka i ulegaj膮ca niewielkim zmianom wilgotno艣膰 pod艂o偶a utrzymywana przy sterowaniu urz膮dzeniami nawadniaj膮cymi za pomoc膮 tensjometr贸w w przedziale 50 do 70 hPa pwp.The experiment was carried out in an unheated greenhouse. Sweet pepper and strawberry were grown in polypropylene bags filled with peat-bark mixture. Irrigation and fertigation were applied when tensiometer showed 50, 70, 80, 90, and 110 hPa of soil water potential. Appearence of water stress in less moist substrate was observed, i.e. at 110 hPa and also at 90 hPa (in a sunny day, at the temperature over 30 掳C). It was found that rather high and stable substrate moisture is required (50-70 hPa) in sweet pepper and strawberry cultivation in small containers

    Dzis i przyszlosc naturalnych podlozy organicznych w uprawach pod oslonami

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    Om贸wiono materia艂y, z kt贸rych produkowane s膮 pod艂o偶a organiczne, sposoby ich przygotowywania, cechy fizyczne i chemiczne pod艂o偶y organicznych, technologie uprawy i pojemniki, w kt贸rych s膮 stosowane w produkcji towarowej i w uprawach amatorskich; d艂ugotrwa艂o艣膰 wykorzystywania w produkcji i sposoby regeneracji oraz metody kontrolowanego nawadniania i fertygacji, efekty ekonomiczne, korzy艣ci spo艂eczne i ochron臋 艣rodowiska wynikaj膮c膮 ze stosowania pod艂o偶y organicznych.Materials used as components of organic substrates, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties of organic substrates, growing technologies and containers used in commercial and home-garden cultivation, long-term using and methods of regeneration. Methods of controlled irrigation and fertigation, economical effects, social profits and enviroment protection as a result of applying organic substrates

    Electronic structure of strained silicon- and sulfur-bridged [1]ferrocenophanes and an analogous dicarbon-bridged [2]ferrocenophane: An investigation by photoelectron spectroscopy and density-functional theory

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    He I and He II photoelectron (PE) spectra of [Fe(畏-C2H4)2SiMe2] (1), [Fe(畏-C5H3Me)2SiMe2] (2), [Fe(畏-C5H4)(畏-C5Me 4)SiMe2] (3), [Fe(畏-C5Me4)2SiMe2] (4), [Fe(畏-C5H4)2C2H4] (5), and [Fe-(畏-C5H4)2S] (6) have been measured and assigned. The d bands of 1-5 show less structure than that of ferrocene, consistent with a loss of degeneracy of the e2 orbitale on bending. Compound 6, which has the largest inter-ring angle of the series, shows two separate d bands. The trend in the first ionization energy closely parallels the variation in oxidation potential. Density functional calculations on 1, 5, and 6 give geometries in good agreement with the structures found from X-ray diffraction. Ionization energies calculated were also in excellent agreement with experiment. Good agreement was also found between the calculated d-d transitions and the position of the first spin-allowed band in the optical spectra of 1 and 6. Estimates of strain energy in bending ferrocene and octamethylferrocene were obtained, and octamethylferrocene was shown to be significantly more difficult to bend. Compounds 1 and 6 were both shown to have a low-lying empty orbital, partially located on the ipso carbon, which is a possible site for nucleophilic attack in the polymerization process undergone by these compounds
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