The use of e-learning in education for people with mild intellectual disability in the context of their mental well-being

The use of modern information and communication technologies by people with mild intellectual disability, which enables the application of e-learning methodology, i.e., distant learning based on information and telecommunication technologies, is definitely part of the current trend of media education also in this social group. It is worth remembering that in addition to profits which result from engaging people with mild intellectual disability, such as autonomously making decisions and choices or establishing social relationships, the development of modern information technologies is often related to reduced interpersonal contacts face to face and may contribute to the crisis of fundamental values, which may potentially be dangerous to the person’s mental well-being. The paper discusses the issue of using e-learning education as a modern information and communication technology in the process of educating people with mild intellectual disability. It also analyzes the relationship between using those civilization achievements and the mental well-being of people with mild intellectual disability

Cechy osobowości a doświadczanie szczęścia i poczucie sensu życia

Both defining what happiness is and what gives sense to human existence is not an easy task. It is so as the very notions are ambiguous and impossible to define clear-cut since each of us may understand the nature of happiness and sense of life in a bit different way. The literature offers many conceptions and ways of defining happiness that is why speaking of happiness one should bear in mind the multiplicity of this term, and differentiate between different types of happiness. However, in spite of the existing differences, there is one thing they have in common, namely, all of them mean something positive and valuable. For the purposes of the studies in question, the leading conception of happiness was that of M. Csikszentmihalyi who conceived of it as the „flow experience conception” (in Polish translation, the very term is called „koncepcja przepływu”, „koncepcja zaangażowania” or „teoria optymalnego doświadczenia”). The theory by M. Csikezentmihalyi was based on the flow conception, that is, the state in which a person is so much engaged in his/her task that nothing else matters. The very experience is satisfactory to such an extent that people aim at repeating it, even at great cost, only because of their willingness to experience this pure satisfaction. The studies conducted and presented in the publication constitute an attempt to define the subject determiners of individual differences within the scope of the frequency of happiness experienced, defining a mental well-being of an individual, and their relationship with the sense of existence as felt by the subject. The studies under investigation aimed at recognizing the relationship between the level of happiness experienced (as understood by the flow conception) and the sense of one’s own existence. The research included 208 subjects of different sex. They completed a battery of self-describing questionnaires. The data collected allowed for including such variables into the analysis as the sense of life, locus of control (LOC), tendency for reactions according to the A behavior model, taking risky actions, and personality traits taken from the so called big 5 model, notably, extroversion, neuroticism, openness for experience, conscientiousness, and tendency to compromise whose influence on the experience of happiness was measured statistically in the form of correlation and prediction. The results seem to prove the correctness of the assumption that each person is characterized by a certain level of the sense of their own life that conditions the level of their mental well-being understood as happiness. It was claimed that the sense of life may be treated as the main factor determining individual differences in terms of a mental well-being expressed by the frequency of happiness experienced, and that a high level of the sense of life most strongly correlates in a positive way with extroversion and conscientiousness. The experience of happiness, on the other hand, depends not only on the sense of life, but also directly on certain subject traits, namely on the tendency to take risky actions, extroversion, openness for new situations and conscientiousness. Besides, it was stated that the subject trait, that is a tendency to take risky actions, is directly connected to the frequency of happiness experienced by an individual. The very findings proved the existence of individual differences in terms of the level of the sense of life experienced, and, subsequently, the frequency of happiness experienced manifested in the form of experiences of the flow experience type

Doświadczanie szczęścia a niepełnosprawność intelektualna

Although it may be challenging to unambiguously recognise and define it, the notion of experiencing happiness, a constituent of psychological well-being, is undoubtedly one of the key traits featuring every person, whether intellectually fit or disabled. The feeling of happiness plays a significant role when coping with various types of situations including also the circumstances faced by an intellectually disabled person. Due to the diversity and multeity of the dimensions where it occurs, the experience of happiness can be subject of analyses from various stances, including the viewpoint of an intellectually disabled person. It seems that the disabled individual’s ability to deal with difficulties, which also influences efficiency of the rehabilitation process, is actually determined by the feelings of happiness, content and optimism, all of which remain in a relation with one’s personality, life situation, and conditions in which they live. The article draws attention to the subject of experiencing happiness by and psychological well-being of intellectually disabled people. It emphasises the possibility of both theoretical and practical applications of assumptions of positive psychology as a requisite condition for the optimisation of functioning of intellectually disabled people. Beyond any doubt, due care for the intellectually disabled people’s experience of happiness and psychological wellbeing is one of the most crucial requirements of their rehabilitation process as “positive states of mind (…) provide the power to struggle with adversities of life”

Experiencing happiness and coping with stress as the key factors in the development of intelligent organisational culture in enterprises applying the idea of e-learning

Contemporary literature studies concerning the essence and importance of organisational culture increasingly present the discussed concept as ambiguous or even controversial. This fact makes the discussion of organisational culture extremely inspiring, opening many new areas for scientific exploration. The aim of the article is to present intelligent organisational culture and the key determinants of the effectiveness of the process of creating its model in enterprises applying the e-learning idea, with the emphasis on the essence and importance of two research categories: experiencing happiness and the ability to cope with occupational stress

Dobrostan psychiczny jako czynnik zachowań menedżerskich w warunkach stresu organizacyjnego

Dobrostan psychiczny człowieka ściśle związany jest z jakością życia każdej osoby. Kluczowym czynnikiem dobrostanu psychicznego są pozytywne doświadczenia każdej jednostki w toku jej życia, przejawiające się w doświadczaniu szczęścia oraz w poczuciu sensu życia. Miary te wyznaczają wysoki poziom dobrostanu psychicznego, będącego motorem ludzkiej aktywności, umożliwiając ludziom podejmowanie ukierunkowanych działań, wyznaczanie celów i dokonywanie wyborów oraz określanie metod postępowania. Wskazane składowe dobrostanu psychicznego mogą stanowić istotny czynnik kształtowania strategii postępowania menedżerów w warunkach stresu organizacyjnego. Charakterystyka zachowań menedżerskich w kontekście wysokiej stresogenności pełnionej roli zawodowej w oparciu o miary dobrostanu psychicznego może dostarczyć ciekawych wniosków na temat powiązań między odczuwanymi przez menedżera poziomem szczęśliwości i poczuciem sensu życia a jego efektywnością w zakresie znoszenia organizacyjnych obciążeń psychologicznych

The sense of life and strategies for coping with stress

The sense of life is undoubtedly one of the most important subjective characteristics of human beings and plays an extremely important role in dealing with various kinds of situations, including difficult situations that are a source of stress. Due to the diversity and multiplicity of the areas in which it occurs, issues relating to the sense of life can be analysed from many different points of view. A sense of life is related to an individual’s personality, life situation, and the conditions in which they live, all of which seemingly determine the choices they make and thus affect the effectiveness of coping with stressful situations. It can therefore be said that questions about the meaning of life seem to determine the form of human life. At the same time, it should be remembered that, as V.E. Frankl stated, such existential questions require individual answers in the unrepeatable and unique context of one’s own life. However, when dealing with issues related to the sense of life, it is possible to establish certain general regularities, and for this reason it seems important to analyse the relationship between the sense of one’s own existence and coping with stressful situations. The aim of this article is therefore to point out the relationship between the sense of life and the strategies adopted to deal with stress. The article emphasizes the importance of the sense of life as an important motivator of human activity and points out that it is the sense of one’s own existence, which is in turn related to the individual hierarchy of needs, goals, expectations, sense of control or self-assessment, that determines our way of functioning and decisions. Therefore, considerations about the sense of life in the context of coping with stress prove to be an extremely important mechanism in determining the effectiveness of an individual’s coping strategies

The Sense of Happiness of Parents of Children with Intellectual Disabilities

W prezentowanym artykule poddano analizie, jakże często pomijaną w literaturze przedmiotu, problematykę poczucia szczęścia rodziców dzieci niepełnosprawnych, zwłaszcza niepełnosprawnych intelektualnie. Zdecydowana większość prac dotyczących niepełnosprawności intelektualnej poświęcona jest tematyce negatywnej, dotyczącej przede wszystkim problemów rodzin osób niepełnosprawnych intelektualnie, ich deficytów, chorób i zaburzeń wynikających z tej niepełnosprawności. Z tego też względu w opracowaniu niniejszym podkreśla się konieczność skoncentrowania się w teorii niepełnosprawności, badaniach oraz praktyce również na jej pozytywnych aspektach oraz zwraca uwagę na fakt, że dobrostan psychiczny pełni niezwykle ważną funkcję motywacyjną, bowiem nie tyle stanowi wynik doświadczeń życiowych i działań, co przede wszystkim decyduje o owych doświadczeniach oraz działaniach, jak również o ich rezultatach. Poczucie szczęścia odgrywa niezwykle istotną rolę w radzeniu sobie z różnego rodzaju sytuacjami, w tym również z sytuacją posiadania dziecka z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną, determinuje jak się wydaje umiejętność radzenia sobie z trudnościami wynikającymi z owej sytuacji, tym samym decydując o efektywności procesu rehabilitacji dziecka z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na problematykę poczucia szczęścia rodziców dzieci z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną, podkreślając możliwość wykorzystywania zarówno w teorii, jak i praktyce pedagogicznej założeń psychologii pozytywnej jako warunku optymalizacji oraz funkcjonowania osób niepełnosprawnych intelektualnie oraz ich rodzin.The article presents the analysis of the problem of sense of happiness of parents of children with disabilities, especially intellectual disabilities, which is often ignored in source literature. The vast majority of works concerning intellectual disability take a negative approach, mostly focusing on the problems faced by families of persons with intellectual disabilities, their deficits, diseases and disorders resulting from the disabilities. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need to concentrate on the theory of disability, as well as on research and practice, including the positive aspects of disability. It also highlights the fact that mental well-being plays an extremely important motivational role, because it is not really the result of life experiences but it actually determines those experiences and actions, as well as their effects. The sense of happiness plays a very important role in coping with various situations, including the situation of having a child with intellectual disability. It seems to determine the ability to cope with difficulties resulting from this situation, and thus, it affects the efficiency of the process of rehabilitation of a child with intellectual disability. The article points to the issue of the sense of happiness of parents of children with intellectual disabilities, emphasizing the possibility to apply, both in theory and in educational practice, the assumptions of positive psychology as the condition of optimization and functioning of people with intellectual disabilities and their families

Osobowość jako czynnik determinujący dobrostan psychiczny człowieka

To define what is mental well being and what are its correlates isn’t an easy job to do. It’s an ambiguous concept and it is hard to unambiguously determine it, because everyone of us can understand mental well being in his or her own way. In literature there are many conceptions of how to define mental well being that’s why we have to remember how ambiguous the term is. Despite all the differences between those conceptions of definitions they all have one common feature, all of them describe something positive, precious. Undoubtedly crucial components of mental well being are positive experiences like feeling a sense of life or experience of happiness. From the literature source follows there is a big probability that a main source of happiness which is measured by a mental well being is directly in human personality and a main factor being observed in different people is relatively stable disposition to sense those feelings. Because of that reason when taken into consideration personality factors of mental well being there were analyzed dependences between personality characteristics, experience of happiness and feeling the sense of life. When analyzed personal factors which determine the mental well being condition there was particularly payed special attention to subject personal characteristics like: extraversion, neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, pattern of behavior A, locus of control, the tendency to risky behavior

Experiencing happiness and coping with stress as the key factors in the development of intelligent organisational culture in enterprises applying the idea of e-learning

Contemporary literature studies concerning the essence and importance of organisational culture increasingly present the discussed concept as ambiguous or even controversial. This fact makes the discussion of organisational culture extremely inspiring, opening many new areas for scientific exploration. The aim of the article is to present intelligent organisational culture and the key determinants of effectiveness of the process of creating its model in enterprises applying the e-learning idea, with the emphasis on the essence and importance of two research categories: experiencing happiness and the ability to cope with occupational stress

Zaangażowanie organizacyjne determinantą sukcesu organizacji

W literaturze poświęconej problematyce organizacji i zarządzania od dawna podkreśla się znaczenie dla organizacji zaangażowania organizacyjnego. Na gruncie nauk o zarządzaniu i jakości obserwuje się wzrost zainteresowania tą problematyką, co jest konsekwencją szerszych przemian dokonujących się w gospodarce opartej na wiedzy. Podkreśla się zarówno znaczenie czynników determinujących poziom zaangażowania organizacyjnego, jak i jego wpływ na poziom skuteczności zarządzania. Sukces organizacji jest możliwy dzięki aktywności przedsiębiorczych, pełnych energii i entuzjazmu, oddanych pracy i ciągle rozwijających się – a więc zaangażowanych w organizację pracowników. Prezentowany artykuł, o charakterze teoretycznym, wykorzystującym dostępną literaturę przedmiotu, eksponuje wielowymiarowość zaangażowania organizacyjnego, czyniąc go atrakcyjnym zarówno dla teoretyków, jak i praktyków zarządzania, w kontekście szeroko pojętego sukcesu organizacji.In the literature devoted to the issues of organization and management, the importance of organizing organizational involvement has long been emphasized. In the field of management and quality sciences, an increase in interest in this issue is observed, which is a consequence of wider changes taking place in the knowledge-based economy. The importance of factors determining the level of organizational commitment, as well as its impact on the level of management effectiveness is emphasized. The success of the organization is possible thanks to activities of the, entrepreneurial, full of energy and enthusiasm, devoted to work and constantly developing - and thus, involved in the organization employees. The presented article, of a theoretical nature, using available literature on the subject, exposes the multidimensionality of organizational commitment, making it attractive to both, theorists and practitioners of management, in the context of the broadly understood success of the organization