Depth, Weight, and Volume of Tomato Roots (Solanum lycopersicon) cv. Piedro in Greenhouse Conditions

This research was done to determine the distribution of the root system of tomatoes as a way to perform more accurate agrotechnical conditions. It was conducted in San Pedro Pinampiro Canton, province of Imbadura, Ecuador, between July 10, 2015, and the second fortnight of January 2016. Monoliths were used to determine root distribution, considering the diameter, length, mass, and volume of roots between 0.10 and 0.40 m. The largest root volume was found in the 0-10 m deep profile

Depth, Weight, and Volume of Tomato Roots (Solanum lycopersicon) cv. Piedro in Greenhouse Conditions

This research was done to determine the distribution of the root system of tomatoes as a way to perform more accurate agrotechnical conditions. It was conducted in San Pedro Pinampiro Canton, province of Imbadura, Ecuador, between July 10, 2015, and the second fortnight of January 2016. Monoliths were used to determine root distribution, considering the diameter, length, mass, and volume of roots between 0.10 and 0.40 m. The largest root volume was found in the 0-10 m deep profile

Profundidad, peso y volumen del sistema radical del tomate (Solanum lycopersicon) cv. Piedro en condiciones de invernadero

Con el objetivo de determinar la distribución del sistema radical del tomate, para que facilite con mayor exactitud las aplicaciones de las labores agrotécnicas. La investigación se desarrolló en el Cantón San Pedro de Pimampiro, provincia de Imbabura, Ecuador durante comprendido entre el 10 de julio del año 2015 y la segunda quincena de enero del 2016, utilizaron monolitos para evaluar la distribución de las raíces teniendo en cuenta el diámetro, longitud , masa y volumen de raíces entre 0,10 y 0,40 m. El mayor volumen de raíces se encuentra a la profundidad de 0-10 m

Economic and Productive Characterization of Dairy Units Integrated to the Municipal Cattle Raising Program (PROGRAM) in the Province of Camagüey, Cuba.

The economic and productive behaviors  of dairy units were characterized between 2009 and 2013, integrated to the Municipal Cattle Raising Program (PROGRAM).Ten dairy farms were chosen in the study, grouped in four agricultural enterprises of Camagüey.  The main principle of the experiment was to achieve food self-sufficiency  in the farms. The study was divided into three stages: (I) characterization of limitations by a farm diagnostics; (II) proposal and incorporation of technologies; (III) follow up and evaluation of results. The analysis included economic and productive indicators suggested by the Ministry of Agriculture. Forage balances were made, and  a  pasture-forage arrangement was set up, according to the results provided by the REGPAST software. The methodology established by Toro (2011) was used for characterization  in  three stages:  variable reviewing  and selection,  Principal  Component Analysis, and Conglomerate Analysis. The results showed an increase of economic and productive indicators at the end of the stage, which helped determine system behavior. Moreover, all the indicators selected were included in some components, which explains the 89 % of total variability. Accordingly, three groups of dairy units were set up, corresponding with the development programs for each, with mean values of 1 553.0 kg per hectare for  the first group; 874.25 kg, for the second; and 1 361.67 kg, in the third group

Growth Dynamic of Sugarcane Cultivars C97-366 and C99-374 for Forage Production

Context: Plant growth analysis is a valuable tool to detect biomass formation and accumulation. The determination of growth indexes enables plants to adapt to different edaphoclimatic conditions, and to select the most promising responses among them. Aim: To characterize the growth dynamic of sugarcane cultivars C97-366 and C99-374, with forage purposes. Methods: A randomized experimental block design with three replicas was used. The following growth indicators were evaluated: foliage surface, foliage surface index, crop growth rate, and net monthly assimilation rate, at 181 days (February) and 342 days (July), after planting. Correlation analyses were made to determine the best model fit for every indicator evaluated in the two cultivars, as well as the analysis of variance of regressions. Results: Cultivar C97-366 was fit to a linear model for the foliage surface index, crop growth rate, and net assimilation rate; the foliage surface was fit to a polynomial model. Cultivar C99-374 was fit to a polynomial model for the foliage surface index, crop growth rate, and net assimilation rate; the foliage surface index was fit to a linear model. Conclusions: Cultivars C97-366 and C99-374 showed genetic and morphological characteristics that lead to efficient physiological processes that determine proper biomass production

Caracterización económico-productiva de unidades lecheras integradas al Programa Ganadero Municipal (PROGRAM) en la provincia de Camagüey.

Se caracterizó  el comportamiento económico-productivo de unidades lecheras, desde 2009 a 2013, integradas al Programa Ganadero Municipal (PROGRAM).  Se  seleccionaron 10 vaquerías, distribuidas en cuatro empresas agro-pecuarias de la provincia Camagüey. El principio fue la autosuficiencia alimentaria de la unidad productiva, consta n-do de tres etapas: (I) caracterización de las limitantes, a través de un diagnóstico a nivel de finca ;  (II) propuesta y adopción de tecnologías y (III) seguimiento y evaluación de los resultados. Para el análisis se emplearon indicadores económico-productivos, propuestos por el Ministerio de la Agricultura. Se realizaron balances forrajeros y se elaboró la estructura de pastos y forrajes, según resultados del programa REGPAST. Para la caracterización se tuvo en cuenta la metodología de Toro (2011), que consta de tres etapas: revisión y selección de variables;  análisis de componentes principales y análisis de conglomerados. Los resultados mostraron incremento  en  los indicadores económicos y productivos al final de la etapa, determinando el comportamiento de los sistemas. Por su parte, todos los indicadores seleccionados estuvieron incluidos en algún componente, que explicaron el 89 % de su variabilidad total. Así se obtuvieron tres grupos de unidades lecheras, en correspondencia con el cumplimiento de los programas de desarrollo para cada una, con valores medios de producción por hectárea de 1 553,0 kg de leche para el primer grupo; 874,25 kg pa-ra el segundo y 1 361,67 kg en el tercer grupo.Economic and Productive Characterization of Dairy Units Integrated to the Municipal Cattle Raising Program (PROGRAM) in the Province of Camaguey.ABSTRACTThe economic and productive behaviors  of dairy units  were characterized between 2009 and 2013, integrated to the Municipal Cattle Raising Program (PROGRAM). Ten dairy farms were chosen in the study, grouped in four agricultural enterprises of Camaguey.  The main principle of the experiment was to achieve food self-sufficiency in the farms. The study was divided into three stages: (I) characterization of limitations by a farm diagnostics; (II) pr o-posal and incorporation of technologies; (III) follow up and evaluation of results. The analysis included economic and productive indicators suggested by the Ministry of Agriculture. Forage balances were made, and  pasture-forage arrangement  was  set up, according to the results  provided by  REGPAST  software. The methodology established by Toro (2011) was used for characterization  in three stages:  variable revision and selection,  Principal  Component Analysis, and Conglomerate Analysis. The results showed an increase of economic and productive indicators at the end of the stage, which helped determine system behavior. Moreover, all the indicators selected were included in some components, which explains the 89 % total variability. Accordingly, three groups of dairy units were set up, corresponding with the development programs for each, with mean values of 1 553.0 kg per hectare for the first group; 874.25 kg, for the second; and 1 361.67 kg, in the third group

Agronomical Evaluation of Four Varieties of Pastures

A five-year study was carried out in the municipality of Jimaguayú, province of Camagüey, Cuba, to evaluate the agro productive performance  of four grassy pastures (Cynodon dactylon cv. Tifton 85, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú, and Brachiaria hibrido cv. Mulato) without soil irrigation or fertilization. An experimental randomized block design with three replicas was used in 20 m2  areas of brown soil without typical carbonates.  Agamic  propagation  seeds were sown at a distance  of 0.70 m between  furrows  while gamic propagation seeds were sown at a distance of 0.50 m. Dry matter yielding was determined for every cutting period (every 60 days during the rainy season and every 90 days during the dry season). Plant height was measured from the stem base to the highest foliage. A volume of 200 g of pastures was sampled twice a year to determine their bromatological composition according to AOAC (1997). Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú showed the best agro productive performance, with yieldings reaching 6.20 t/ha and 14.90 t/ha of dry matter during the dry and rainy seasons, respectively; and 12.26 % of dry protein

Dinámica del crecimiento en los cultivares de caña de azúcar C97-366 y C99-374, con fines forrajeros

Context: The analysis of plant growth, is a tool of great value to know the formation and accumulation of biomass. The determination of growth indexes makes it possible to identify plant adaptations to different soil and climate conditions, and within these responses select the most promising. Objective: In order to characterizing the growth dynamics in sugarcane cultivars C97-366 and C99-374, for forage purposes. Methods: A random block design with three replicas was used. Growth indicators were evaluated: leaf area; leaf area index; crop growth rate and net assimilation rate on a monthly basis, from 181 days (February) to 342 days (July) after planting. Correlations were made to determine the best fit model for each of the indicators evaluated in the two cultivars, as well as analysis of variance of the regressions. Results: The cultivar C97-366 was adjusted to a linear model for the indicators leaf area index; crop growth rate and net assimilation rate; and for the leaf area to a polynomial model. The C99-374 was adjusted to a polynomial model for the growth indicators Foliar Area; Crop Growth Rate and Net assimilation rate and for the leaf area index to a linear model. Conclusions: The cultivars C97-366 and C99-374 possess genetic and morphological characteristics that allow performing in an efficient way the physiological processes that determine a good biomass production.Contexto: El análisis de crecimiento vegetal, es una herramienta de gran valor para conocer la formación y acumulación de biomasa. La determinación de índices de crecimiento posibilita identificar las adaptaciones en las plantas a diferentes condiciones edafoclimáticas, y dentro de estas respuestas seleccionar las más promisorias. Objetivo: Con el objetivo de caracterizar la dinámica del crecimiento en los cultivares de caña de azúcar C97-366 y C99-374, con fines forrajeros. Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar con tres réplicas. Se evaluaron los indicadores de crecimiento: área foliar; índice de área foliar; tasa de crecimiento del cultivo y tasa de asimilación neta de forma mensual, desde los 181 días (febrero) y hasta los 342 días (julio) posteriores a la plantación. Se realizaron correlaciones para determinar el modelo de mejor ajuste para cada uno de los indicadores evaluados en los dos cultivares, así como análisis de varianza de las regresiones. Resultados: El cultivar C97-366 se ajustó a un modelo lineal para los indicadores índice de área foliar; tasa de crecimiento del cultivo y tasa de asimilación neta y para el área foliar a un modelo polinomial. El C99-374 se ajustó a un modelo polinomial para los indicadores de crecimiento área foliar; tasa de crecimiento del cultivo y tasa de asimilación neta y para el índice de área foliar a un modelo lineal. Conclusiones: Los cultivares C97-366 y C99-374 poseen características genéticas y morfológicas que permiten realizar de una forma eficiente los procesos fisiológicos que determinan una buena producción de biomasa

Evaluación agronómica de tres gramíneas bajo condiciones edafoclimáticas del municipio Jimaguayú en Camagüey

In order to determine in cut and dry land the adaptation and productivity of three grasses in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the livestock areas of Jimaguayú, a study was carried out on a brown soil without carbonate typical in plots of 20 m2, for which a Experimental design of random blocks with three repetitions; the species were: Panicum maximum cv Tanzania, Panicum maximum cv Mombasa and Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott. For their yields of DM, the cultivar Panicum maximum cv Tanzania stood out (P ≤ 0.05), which achieved 9.30 t / ha and 8.80 t / ha and 30.00 t / ha for the dry and rainy period respectively, while the cultivar Panicum maximum cv Mombasa was superior (P ≤ 0.05) in the PB content, which reached a value of 11.21%. Regarding the height of the cultivars, no significant differences were found in the dry season, but in the rainy period Panicum maximum cv Tanzania and Panicum maximum cv Mombasa outperform Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott. It is concluded that although the three species had an acceptable behavior in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the area where they were evaluated, the cultivar Panicum maximum cv Tanzania for its yields and the cultivar Panicum maximum cv Mombasa in protein content stand out.Con el objetivo de determinar en corte y secano la adaptación y productividad de tres gramíneas en las condiciones edafoclimáticas de las áreas ganaderas de Jimaguayú, se realizó un estudio sobre un suelo pardo sin carbonato típico en parcelas de 20 m2, para lo que se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones; las especies fueron: Panicum maximum cv Tanzania, Panicum maximum cv Mombasa y Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott. Por su rendimientos de MS, destacó (P ≤ 0,05) el cultivar Panicum maximum cv Tanzania, que logró 9,30 t/ha y 8,80 t/ha y 30,00 t/ha para el período poco lluvioso y lluvioso respectivamente, mientras el cultivar Panicum maximum cv Mombasa resultó superior (P ≤ 0,05) en el contenido de PB, que alcanzó un valor de 11,21 %. Con relación a la altura de los cultivares no se encontró diferencias significativas en el período poco lluvioso, pero en el período lluvioso Panicum maximum cv Tanzania y Panicum maximum cv Mombasa superan a Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott. Se concluye que aunque las tres especies tuvieron un comportamiento aceptable en las condiciones edafoclimáticas de la zona donde se evaluaron, destacan el cultivar Panicum maximum cv Tanzania por sus rendimientos y el cultivar Panicum maximum cv Mombasa en contenido proteico

Evaluación agronómica de tres gramíneas bajo condiciones edafoclimáticas

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar, en corte y secano, la adaptación y productividad de tres gramíneas, en las condiciones edafoclimáticas de áreas ganaderas en Jimaguayú, Camagüey, Cuba. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques al azar, con tres repeticiones, sobre un suelo Pardo sin Carbonato Típico, en parcelas de 20 m2 . Aunque las tres especies tuvieron comportamiento aceptable; por su rendimiento de materia seca (P ≤ 0,05) destacó Panicum maximum cv Tanzania, con 9,30 y 8,80 t/ha, y 30 t/ha para los períodos poco lluvioso y lluvioso, respectivamente; mientras que Panicum maximum cv Mombasa resultó superior (P ≤ 0,05) en el contenido de proteína bruta (11,21 %). En el período poco lluvioso no se encontró diferencias significativas en la altura de los cultivares; pero en el período lluvioso Panicum maximum cv Tanzania y Panicum maximum cv Mombasa superaron a Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott.Palabras clave: gramíneas, rendimiento, composición químic