What is referenced in marketing publications and has it changed over time?

Academic research has identified that business/marketing journals tend to draw on knowledge from a diverse set of disciplines. However, there has been limited examination of the source of these ideas in terms of types of materials (journals, books, conferences, business/popular press and other sources) or whether the use of these sources has changed over time. This paper examines these issues and found that within the three leading marketing journals (JM, JMR, JCR), the citation of journal articles has generally increased over time and the citation of nonjournal sources (i.e., journals, books, conferences, business/popular press and other sources), have generally decreased. There are, however, differences in the specific citation behaviour in the three journals and thus the citation of materials may be journal specific.<br /

Unification and low-energy supersymmetry at one and two-loop orders

The status of coupling constant unification -- assuming the validity of the standard model or of its minimal supersymmetric extension at high energies -- and of relations between various Yukawa couplings (assuming the supersymmetri extension) which are implied in certain grand-unified theories, are studied in detail. Theoretical uncertainties in the calculations are emphasized, and low-energy constraints and predictions are derived. In particular, we find that bottom-tau unification favors a Higgs boson lighter than 110 GeV. The structure of the vacuum in the model studied is also discussed. Implications of embedding supersymmetric models in grand-unified theories are further explored and are shown to affect the soft supersymmetry breaking mass parameters of the models, and thus the spectrum at low-energy.Comment: A 6 page version (conclusion chapter). uuencoded postcript. The full postscript file (158 pages) is available via anonymous ftp ftp://dept.physics.upenn.edu/pub/Nir/dissertation.ps (or uuencoded: dissertation.uu

Fixed point combinators as fixed points of higher-order fixed point generators

Corrado B\"ohm once observed that if $Y$ is any fixed point combinator (fpc), then $Y(\lambda yx.x(yx))$ is again fpc. He thus discovered the first "fpc generating scheme" -- a generic way to build new fpcs from old. Continuing this idea, define an $\textit{fpc generator}$ to be any sequence of terms $G_1,\dots,G_n$ such that $$Y \in FPC \Rightarrow Y G_1 \cdots G_n \in FPC$$ In this contribution, we take first steps in studying the structure of (weak) fpc generators. We isolate several robust classes of such generators, by examining their elementary properties like injectivity and (weak) constancy. We provide sufficient conditions for existence of fixed points of a given generator $(G_1,\cdots,G_n)$: an fpc $Y$ such that $Y = Y G_1 \cdots G_n$. We conjecture that weak constancy is a necessary condition for existence of such (higher-order) fixed points. This statement generalizes Statman's conjecture on non-existence of "double fpcs": fixed points of the generator $(G) = (\lambda yx.x(yx))$ discovered by B\"ohm. Finally, we define and make a few observations about the monoid of (weak) fpc generators. This enables us to formulate new a conjecture about their structure

Origins and renormalization of the superparticle spectrum

The importance of Yukawa contributions to the renormalization of the spectrum in non-minimal supersymmetric models is illustrated in the cases of explicit lepton number violation (leading to the possibility of singly produced sneutrinos at LEP energies), an intermediate scale singlet neutrino and negative mass squared parameters (possibly modifying fine-tuning considerations), and a grand-unified sector. The relevance of model-dependent renormalization to the supersymmetric flavor problem is emphasized. Sources of the flavor problem, some of which are newly identified, as well as possible solutions, are discussed and classified. It is then shown that gravitational interactions could lead (via a quadratically divergent singlet) to simple realizations of some of the low-energy frameworks that attempt to resolve the flavor problem.Comment: 11 pages. LaTex + espcrc2.sty (included). Talk presented at Supersymmetry 9