Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Organic Matter Under Long-Term Exposure to Natural and Anthropogenic Factors

Studies have found that the increase in differences between the amount of energy subsidies invested in agrobiocenoses and alienated from them over a 105-year period changes the direction of biochemical processes of organic matter transformation, which leads to significant losses of organic carbon reserves, which amount to 17.5 t/ha in highly degraded soils, 7.3 t/ha in poorly cultivated soils, and in highly cultivated increases them by 2.8 t /ha, respectively, compared with the initial content. Long-term use of arable land affects the qualitative characteristics of the state of organic matter of sod-podzolic soil, which are expressed in a change in the ratio of the peripheral and central parts, the enrichment of humus with nitrogen. The humus substances of medium (57%) and highly cultivated soils (54%) are characterized by the highest degree of participation of peripheral groupings in the construction, and the least highly degraded (29%)

Transformation of upper part soil profile of sod-podzolic light loamy soils under the conditions of long-term soil improvement

Arable sod-podzolic soils have the definite characteristics inherited from the virgin soils and obtained during the modern process of soil genesis under the influence of mankind activity. In arable soils hydrothermal conditions, biological turnover of nutrients change significantly that connected with their taking out with the yield and the compensation with mineral and organic fertilizers. The period of agricultural treatment of the soils indicates the total influence of the intensification factors and causes the changes in characteristics, regimes and fertility not only of arable layer, but lower layers of the upper part of soil profile (0-100 cm)

Differential Effects of the Proteasome Inhibitor NPI-0052 against Glioma Cells 1

Abstract Proteasome inhibitors are emerging as a new class of cancer therapeutics, and bortezomib has shown promise in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. However, bortezomib has failed to have an effect in preclinical models of glioma. NPI-0052 is a new generation of proteasome inhibitors with increased potency and strong inhibition of all three catalytic activities of the 26S proteasome. In this article, we test the antitumor efficacy of NPI-0052 against glioma, as a single agent and in combination with temozolomide and radiation using five different glioma lines. The intrinsic radiation sensitivities differed for all the lines and correlated with their PTEN expression status. In vitro, NPI-0052 showed a dose-dependent toxicity, and its combination with temozolomide resulted in radiosensitization of only the cell lines with a mutated p53. The effect of NPI-0052 as a single agent on glioma xenografts in vivo was only modest in controlling tumor growth, and it failed to radiosensitize the glioma xenografts to fractionated radiation. We conclude that NPI-0052 is not a suitable drug for the treatment of malignant gliomas despite its efficacy in other cancer types

Differential Effects of the Proteasome Inhibitor NPI-0052 against Glioma Cells1

Proteasome inhibitors are emerging as a new class of cancer therapeutics, and bortezomib has shown promise in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. However, bortezomib has failed to have an effect in preclinical models of glioma. NPI-0052 is a new generation of proteasome inhibitors with increased potency and strong inhibition of all three catalytic activities of the 26S proteasome. In this article, we test the antitumor efficacy of NPI-0052 against glioma, as a single agent and in combination with temozolomide and radiation using five different glioma lines. The intrinsic radiation sensitivities differed for all the lines and correlated with their PTEN expression status. In vitro, NPI-0052 showed a dose-dependent toxicity, and its combination with temozolomide resulted in radiosensitization of only the cell lines with a mutated p53. The effect of NPI-0052 as a single agent on glioma xenografts in vivo was only modest in controlling tumor growth, and it failed to radiosensitize the glioma xenografts to fractionated radiation. We conclude that NPI-0052 is not a suitable drug for the treatment of malignant gliomas despite its efficacy in other cancer types