4D Musrenbang: Designing User Experience (UX) to Support Public Participation in Spatial Planning for Indonesia

Public participation is an important prerequisite for the success of spatial planning. Technology can help improve the quality and amount of public participation in spatial planning. This paper describes the development of the User Experience (UX) design guideline named ‘4PHASE toolkit’. The toolkit was used to create a web-based GIS prototype, applied on the spatial planning practice in Indonesia. In Indonesia the spirit of community involvement is incorporated into the spatial planning process using a bottom-up approach. The so-called Musyawarah perencanaan pembangunan (Musrenbang) is the traditional tool in participatory planning during the plan-making process. Meanwhile, as technology development is used as communication strategy for the government, 4D Open Spatial Information Infrastructure (4D PUPM) has emerged as a modern tool to monitor the implementation of land use plans. The exploration of both traditional and modern tools is done to get valuable information about what needs to be added for building the prototype. Our research resulted in a 4D web-based GIS prototype named 4D Musrenbang, while building on 4D PUPM to facilitate citizens participating in the spatial planning process in Indonesia

First 3D Cadastral Registration of Multi-level Ownerships Rights in the Netherlands

This paper reports on the first 3D cadastral registration of multi-level ownerships rights in the Netherlands, which was accomplished in March 2016. It is the result of a study that was undertaken from 2013 to 2015 to determine how insight about multi-level ownership can be provided in 3D by the cadastral registration. The solution was sought within the existing cadastral and legal framework, with the aim to build a more fundamental solution for 3D cadastral registration in the future, based on practical experience and involving the stakeholders. The 3D cadastral case presented in this paper is the new combined structure of the city hall and underground railway station in the town of Delft. The complex contains the new city hall, the railway station, the underground platforms and railway tunnel, several technical installations as well as the underground bicycle-parking. The paper presents the procedure that was followed to secure the ownership rights before the construction was completed; the translation of ownership described in the deeds into legal volumes based on the architectural drawing of the buildings; and, finally to create the 3D visualisation of the 3D rights involved and to register a deed that contains the 3D visualisation in the interactive 3D PDF format. The paper then evaluates the registration to obtain insights for an improved 3D cadastral registration. The main conclusion is that in some situations a 3D approach has important advantages for cadastral registration over a 2D approach. It requires further study on how to implement the solution in a standardised and uniform way from registration to querying and updating in the future and from an informal to a formal (i.e. legally binding) registration process

Co-ownership shares in condominium – A comparison across jurisdictions and standards

Condominium is one of the prevalent forms of three- dimensional (3D) property rights (Paulsson, 2007, p. 32). The condominium concept common to a number of jurisdictions consists of three elements: (a) individual ownership of an apartment, (b) co-ownership (joint ownership) of the land and the common parts of the building, and (c) membership of an incorporated or unincorporated owners' association (van der Merwe, 2015, p. 5). The ownership shares of condominium unit owners in the common property are here referred to as co-ownership shares; yet, alternative terms include ownership fraction, condominium share, participation quota, share value, and unit entitlement. The co-ownership share determines the proportional contribution to the common expenses and the share of common profits, as well as the voting power of each condominium unit owner in the administration of the condominium. The most common approaches to the determination of the co-ownership shares are based on equality, relative size or relative value of each condominium unit, or a combination of such (van der Merwe, 1994, p. 57-58). The literature presents detailed descriptions and comparative analysis related to condominium systems in different jurisdictions (e.g. van der Merwe, 2016; 2015; Paulsson, 2007; EUI, 2005; UNECE, 2005); however, the technical and procedural aspects related to the allotment of co-ownership shares still need to be further investigated. This paper aims to compare methods and procedures applied for the allotment of co-ownership shares of condominium systems in the following seven jurisdictions; Denmark, Germany, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Turkey. Also, international geographic information standards are analyzed to assess the extent to which they facilitate allocation of co-ownership shares. The main purpose is to clarify the legal provisions and methodologies related to the determination of co-ownership shares in national condominium systems and bring new insights to countries, which are trying to revise their national provisions for fairer implementations