9,773 research outputs found
An asymptotically normal test for the selective neutrality hypothesis
An important parameter in the study of population evolution is
, where is the effective population size and is the
rate of mutation per locus per generation. Therefore, represents the
mean number of mutations per site per generation. There are many estimators of
, one of them being the mean number of pairwise nucleotide differences,
which we call . Other estimators are , based on
the number of segregating sites and , based on the number of
singletons. The concept of selective neutrality can be interpreted as a
differentiated nucleotide distribution for mutant sites when compared to the
overall nucleotide distribution. Tajima (1989) has proposed the so-called
Tajima's test of selective neutrality based on .
Its complex empirical behavior (Kiihl, 2005) motivates us to propose a test
statistic solely based on . We are thus able to prove asymptotic
normality under different assumptions on the number of sequences and number of
sites via -statistics theory.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/193940307000000293 the IMS
Collections (http://www.imstat.org/publications/imscollections.htm) by the
Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
On a Three-Dimensional Gravity Model with Higher Derivatives
The purpose of this work is to present a model for 3D massive gravity with
topological and higher-derivative terms. Causality and unitarity are discussed
at tree-level. Power-counting renormalizability is also contemplated.Comment: 9 pages, Latex, no figures; to be published in Gen. Rel. Gra
The Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment in the Reduced Minimal 3-3-1 Model
We study the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the context of
the reduced minimal 3-3-1 model recently proposed in the literature. In
particular, its spectrum contains a doubly charged scalar () and
gauge boson (), new singly charged vectors () and a
boson, each of which might give a sizeable contribution to the
. We compute the 1-loop contributions from all these new particles
to the . We conclude that the doubly charged vector boson provides
the dominant contribution, and by comparing our results with the experimental
constraints we derive an expected value for the scale of symmetry breaking TeV. We also note that, if the
discrepancy in the anomalous moment is resolved in the future without this
model then the constraints will tighten to requiring TeV with
current precision, and will entirely rule out the model if the expected
precision is achieved by the future experiment at Fermilab.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
Structures of an apo and a binary complex of an evolved archeal b family DNA polymerase capable of synthesising highly cy-dye labelled DNA
Thermophilic DNA polymerases of the polB family are of great importance in biotechnological applications including high-fidelity PCR. Of particular interest is the relative promiscuity of engineered versions of the exo- form of polymerases from the Thermo- and Pyrococcales families towards non-canonical substrates, which enables key advances in Next-generation sequencing. Despite this there is a paucity of structural information to guide further engineering of this group of polymerases. Here we report two structures, of the apo form and of a binary complex of a previously described variant (E10) of Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu) polymerase with an ability to fully replace dCTP with Cyanine dye-labeled dCTP (Cy3-dCTP or Cy5-dCTP) in PCR and synthesise highly fluorescent “CyDNA” densely decorated with cyanine dye heterocycles. The apo form of Pfu-E10 closely matches reported apo form structures of wild-type Pfu. In contrast, the binary complex (in the replicative state with a duplex DNA oligonucleotide) reveals a closing movement of the thumb domain, increasing the contact surface with the nascent DNA duplex strand. Modelling based on the binary complex suggests how bulky fluorophores may be accommodated during processive synthesis and has aided the identification of residues important for the synthesis of unnatural nucleic acid polymers
The MIPSGAL View of Supernova Remnants in the Galactic Plane
We report the detection of Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) in the mid-infrared (at 24 and 70 μm), in the coordinate ranges 10° < l < 65° and 285° < l < 350°, |b| < 1°, using MIPS aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. We search for infrared counterparts to SNRs in Green's catalog and identify 39 out of 121, i.e., a detection rate of about 32%. Such a relatively low detection fraction is mainly due to confusion with nearby foreground/background sources and diffuse emission. The SNRs in our sample show a linear trend in [F_8/F_(24)] versus [F_(70)/F_(24)]. We compare their infrared fluxes with their corresponding radio flux at 1.4 GHz and find that most remnants have a ratio of 70 μm to 1.4 GHz which is similar to those found in previous studies of SNRs (with the exception of a few that have ratios closer to those of H II regions). Furthermore, we retrieve a slope close to unity when correlating infrared (24 and 70 μm) with 1.4 GHz emission. Our survey is more successful in detecting remnants with bright X-ray emission, which we find is well correlated with the 24 μm morphology. Moreover, by comparing the power emitted in the X-ray, infrared, and radio, we conclude that the energy released in the infrared is comparable to the cooling in the X-ray range
- …