Neoextrativismo e natureza na produção de Daniel Fitte

Este trabalho analisa um conjunto de obras do artista plástico Daniel Fitte (Sierras Bayas, 1960) considerando-as estratégias de intervenção contra o avanço do modelo neoextrativista em Sierras Bayas, um pequeno município localizado no distrito de Olavarría, na província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Em tensão com o moderno conceito instrumental de natureza, as produções de Fitte sobre a progressiva mutação da paisagem e devastação dos ecossistemas locais pela atividade mineira, convidam-nos a pensar outros elos e representações - da natureza e dos outros - fora da a lógica do domínio e da exploração. O situacional e o relacional tornam-se traços fundamentais de muitas dessas produções. São obras que marcam a paisagem e traçam percursos; produzem histórias - às vezes em tensão - sobre seu próprio território e resgatam a interdependência, a reciprocidade e a complementaridade próprias do paradigma do cuidado como características de uma sociedade sustentável (GILLIGAN, 2013; SVAMPA, 2015)

La Impugnación del Canon: Los estudios visuales y las nuevas historias (del arte) producidas desde América Latina

A partir de la década de 1980 asistimos, en América Latina, a la reevaluación del papel desempeñado por las imágenes y diversas experiencias estéticas en la escritura histórica y en su transmisión. El debate historia del arte/estudios visuales ocurrido durante los años 80 y 90 provocó no sólo la imbricación de lo artístico con el campo más vasto de la cultura visual, sino también la diversificación de los horizontes epistemológicos desde los cuales las diversas imágenes y prácticas artísticas eran analizadas y significadas. Este artículo analiza, a través de los escritos de Nelly Richard y Luis Camnitzer, el impacto que la `revuelta disciplinar¿ de los 80 y 90 -especialmente de la mano de los estudios culturales y visuales- tuvo en la escritura de la historia, no sólo del arte y no sólo latinoamericana.  Since 1980, we have witnessed the reassessment of the role that images and different aesthetic experiences play in Latin American historical writing and its transmission. The debate history of art/visual studies that took place during the `80s and `90s not only triggered the nesting of the artistic within the broader field of visual culture, but also the diversification of the epistemological horizons from which different images and artistic practices were analyzed and their meaning identified. Through Nelly Richard and Luis Camnitzer¿s writings, this article discusses the impact that the theoretical approaches of the `80s and `90s had on the writing of both art history and Latin-American history - especially from the perspective of cultural and visual studies.Artículo revisado por pare

Discursos críticos sobre el arte desde América Latina. Arte, crítica y teoría en la práctica artística de Luis Camnitzer

Este artículo analiza el proyecto de Luis Camnitzer de establecer una tradición politizada del arte bajo la idea de un conceptualismo latinoamericano. el estudio del modo diferenciado en que sus obras plásticas e intervenciones discursivas participan de esta empresa y construyen los vínculos entre lo artístico y lo social, permite explorar las distintas construcciones teóricas sobre lo artístico que se tensionan al interior de la producción de Luis Camnitzer. mientras los escritos de camnitzer re-territorializan el arte al identificar lo político como condición de un arte latinoamericano, sus obras problematizan esta identificación. el contexto de las obras de camnitzer deja de ser transparente y se torna siempre una nueva creación

Not seen before. Unveiling depositional context and Mammuthus meridionalis exploitation at Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, southern Iberia) through taphonomy and microstratigraphy

Meat consumption by early hominins is a hotly debated issue. A key question concerns their access to large mammal carcasses, including megafauna. Currently, the evidence of anthropic cut marks on proboscidean bones older than -or close to- 1.0 Ma are restricted to the archaeological sites of Dmanisi (Georgia), Olduvai (Tanzania), Gona (Ethiopia), Olorgesailie (Kenya) and La Boella (Spain). During an inspection of the almost complete carcass of Mammuthus meridionalis (FN3-5-MPS) from the Oldowan site of Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Spain, c. 1.2 Ma), a few traces compatible with human-made cut marks and carnivore tooth marks were found. From this finding and previous interpretations the following questions arise: When and under what conditions was FN3-5-MPS deposited? What is the nature of the marks found on the surface of the bones of this mammoth? To answer, we have conducted a high-resolution analysis of these remains, combining both taphonomic and microstratigraphic data. Our results, using microstratigraphic and micromorphological analyses of sediments based on thin-sections, show that this individual was deposited in a marshy environment. Subsequently, the carcass was exploited by hominins and large felids that left their marks on the surface of some of its bones. For this purpose, the identification and characterisation of both cut marks and tooth marks were performed using high-resolution 3D modelling, geometric morphometrics, and artificially intelligent algorithms. Based on the anatomical position of both the cut and tooth marks, we propose that both the hominins and the saber-toothed cats had early access to the animal. Finally, this paper shows how an interdisciplinary approach can shed detailed light on the particular story regarding the death and processing of the carcass of a female mammoth, deposited at Fuente Nueva 3.This research has been carried out thanks to projects PID 2021.125098NB.I00 funding by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa and ProyExcel_00274 funding by Dirección General de Planificación de la Investigación (Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación, Junta de Andalucía). In addition, this research has been supported by the following projects of the Spanish government: PID2021-122533NB-I00, PID2021-123092NB-C21, PID2022-136832NB-I00. We also acknowledge the support provided by the PALARQ Foundation through the project Ref: PR2004_19/01

A multi-proxy approach to the palaecological reconstruction of the Orce Basin Archaeological Zone (Granada, Spain)

Comunicación oral presentada en XXI INQUA Congress. July 14th – 20th 2023, Rome (Italy)The Orce Basin Archaeological Zone (OZAB, Granada, Spain) extends over a surface area of some > 8.5 km2 and constitutes one of the richest Pleistocene vertebrate fossil records in western Europe including one of the oldest hominin presence in this part of Eurasia. Exceptionally rich collections of stone tools have been excavated from both of the Orce Oldowan sites: Barranco León (BL) (1.4 Ma) and Fuente Nueva 3 (FN3) (1.2 Ma), while BL has yielded a hominin deciduous lower molar. We present a multi-proxy approach to determine the palaeoeocological context of these first hominin settlements in Western Europe. By combining results from macrovertebrates, microvertebrates, as well as from pollen and stable isotopes from macrovertebrate tooth enamel, we determine whether the palaeo landscapes were dominated by savanna or open woodland. The results reveal the regional specificities of the OAZB, and also allow us to infer local features within the Orce sites. Overall, our data reveal the dominance of a typically Mediterranean climate and landscape since 1.8 Ma ago. The climatic conditions were generally more humid than at present, with warmer temperatures during the coldest months, indicating a higher net primary productivity (NPP). We find that precipitation and NPP appear to have been limiting factors for hominin presence in the OAZB. Thus, at the older palaeontological site of Venta Micena (1.6 Ma), climatic conditions appear to have been less compatible with hominin presence than during the BL and FN3 sequences, when early hominins inhabiting the OAZB were able to cope with changing climatic and environmental settings. Lastly, the comparison of the isotopic results of the Orce sites with those of the contemporaneous Shungura Formation (Ethiopia) reveals that the habitat in the westernmost part of Eurasia was distinctly unlike a typical African savanna

No Difference in Penetrance between Truncating and Missense/Aberrant Splicing Pathogenic Variants in MLH1 and MSH2: A Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database Study

Background. Lynch syndrome is the most common genetic predisposition for hereditary cancer. Carriers of pathogenic changes in mismatch repair (MMR) genes have an increased risk of developing colorectal (CRC), endometrial, ovarian, urinary tract, prostate, and other cancers, depending on which gene is malfunctioning. In Lynch syndrome, differences in cancer incidence (penetrance) according to the gene involved have led to the stratification of cancer surveillance. By contrast, any differences in penetrance determined by the type of pathogenic variant remain unknown. Objective. To determine cumulative incidences of cancer in carriers of truncating and missense or aberrant splicing pathogenic variants of the MLH1 and MSH2 genes. Methods. Carriers of pathogenic variants of MLH1 (path_MLH1) and MSH2 (path_MSH2) genes filed in the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD) were categorized as truncating or missense/aberrant splicing according to the InSiGHT criteria for pathogenicity. Results. Among 5199 carriers, 1045 had missense or aberrant splicing variants, and 3930 had truncating variants. Prospective observation years for the two groups were 8205 and 34,141 years, respectively, after which there were no significant differences in incidences for cancer overall or for colorectal cancer or endometrial cancers separately. Conclusion. Truncating and missense or aberrant splicing pathogenic variants were associated with similar average cumulative incidences of cancer in carriers of path MLH1 and path_MSH2

No Difference in Penetrance between Truncating and Missense/Aberrant Splicing Pathogenic Variants in MLH1 and MSH2: A Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database Study

Background. Lynch syndrome is the most common genetic predisposition for hereditary cancer. Carriers of pathogenic changes in mismatch repair (MMR) genes have an increased risk of developing colorectal (CRC), endometrial, ovarian, urinary tract, prostate, and other cancers, depending on which gene is malfunctioning. In Lynch syndrome, differences in cancer incidence (penetrance) according to the gene involved have led to the stratification of cancer surveillance. By contrast, any differences in penetrance determined by the type of pathogenic variant remain unknown. Objective. To determine cumulative incidences of cancer in carriers of truncating and missense or aberrant splicing pathogenic variants of the MLH1 and MSH2 genes. Methods. Carriers of pathogenic variants of MLH1 (path_MLH1) and MSH2 (path_MSH2) genes filed in the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD) were categorized as truncating or missense/aberrant splicing according to the InSiGHT criteria for pathogenicity. Results. Among 5199 carriers, 1045 had missense or aberrant splicing variants, and 3930 had truncating variants. Prospective observation years for the two groups were 8205 and 34,141 years, respectively, after which there were no significant differences in incidences for cancer overall or for colorectal cancer or endometrial cancers separately. Conclusion. Truncating and missense or aberrant splicing pathogenic variants were associated with similar average cumulative incidences of cancer in carriers of path MLH1 and path_MSH2

Not seen before. Unveiling depositional context and Mammuthus meridionalis exploitation at Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, southern Iberia) through taphonomy and microstratigraphy

Meat consumption by early hominins is a hotly debated issue. A key question concerns their access to large mammal carcasses, including megafauna. Currently, the evidence of anthropic cut marks on proboscidean bones older than -or close to- 1.0 Ma are restricted to the archaeological sites of Dmanisi (Georgia), Olduvai (Tanzania), Gona (Ethiopia), Olorgesailie (Kenya) and La Boella (Spain). During an inspection of the almost complete carcass of Mammuthus meridionalis (FN3-5-MPS) from the Oldowan site of Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Spain, c. 1.2 Ma), a few traces compatible with human-made cut marks and carnivore tooth marks were found. From this finding and previous interpretations the following questions arise: When and under what conditions was FN3-5-MPS deposited? What is the nature of the marks found on the surface of the bones of this mammoth? To answer, we have conducted a high-resolution analysis of these remains, combining both taphonomic and microstratigraphic data. Our results, using microstratigraphic and micromorphological analyses of sediments based on thin-sections, show that this individual was deposited in a marshy environment. Subsequently, the carcass was exploited by hominins and large felids that left their marks on the surface of some of its bones. For this purpose, the identification and characterisation of both cut marks and tooth marks were performed using high-resolution 3D modelling, geometric morphometrics, and artificially intelligent algorithms. Based on the anatomical position of both the cut and tooth marks, we propose that both the hominins and the saber-toothed cats had early access to the animal. Finally, this paper shows how an interdisciplinary approach can shed detailed light on the particular story regarding the death and processing of the carcass of a female mammoth, deposited at Fuente Nueva 3.Research at Fuente Nueva 3 is currently possible thanks to the support and approval of the Consejería de Turismo, Cultura y Deporte (Junta de Andalucía, Spain) through the General Research Project (2023–2026) Evolución humana y paleoecología a partir de los yacimientos pleistocenos de la Zona Arqueológica ‘Cuenca de Orce’. Retos y desafíos (Ref: SIDPH/DI/MCM). This research has been carried out thanks to projects PID 2021.125098NB.I00 funding by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa and ProyExcel_00274 funding by Dirección General de Planificación de la Investigación (Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación, Junta de Andalucía). In addition, this research has been supported by the following projects of the Spanish government: PID2021-122533NB-I00, PID2021-123092NBC21, PID2022-136832NB-I00. We also acknowledge the support provided by the PALARQ Foundation through the project Ref: PR2004_19/01. The research of C.S-B., D.B., P-P., S.T., J.A., and H.-A.B. is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. A.F.M. was supported by an APOST postdoctoral grant (APOST/2021/110, Generalitat Valenciana) cofinanced by the European Social Fund, and is currently supported by a Margarita Salas contract from the Ayudas para la recualificación del sistema universitario español (MS21-048), Ministerio de Universidades del Gobierno de España, financed by the European Union-NextGenerationEU. S.T. is supported by a Margarita Salas employment contract for access to the Spanish System of Science, Technology, and Innovation at the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (2021URV-MS-03) funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU, the Ministry of Universities and the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan. P.P. is supported by a Juan de la Cierva - Incorporación contract (grant IJC2020-044108-I) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “European Union-NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. Similiarly, we also have to acknowledge the financial support provided by the PALARQ Foundation, funded through the project titled “Dilucidando la acción de los carnívoros en los yacimientos del Pleistoceno Inferior Ibérico del Pontón de la Oliva (Madrid) y de Fuente Nueva 3 y de Venta Micena 3 y 4 (Granada). Ref: PR2004_19/01”. The work of J.S. was funded by the Academy of Finland during this work (AoF. project nr. 340775/346292, NEPA - Non-analogue ecosystems in the past)

Second GHEP-ISFG exercise for DVI: “DNA-led” victims’ identification in a simulated air crash

The Spanish and Portuguese-Speaking Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (GHEP-ISFG) has organized a second collaborative exercise on a simulated case of Disaster Victim Identification (DVI), with the participation of eighteen laboratories. The exercise focused on the analysis of a simulated plane crash case of medium-size resulting in 66 victims with varying degrees of fragmentation of the bodies (with commingled remains). As an additional difficulty, this second exercise included 21 related victims belonging to 6 families among the 66 missings to be identified. A total number of 228 post-mortem samples were represented with aSTR and mtDNA profiles, with a proportion of partial aSTR profiles simulating charred remains. To perform the exercise, participants were provided with aSTR and mtDNA data of 51 reference pedigrees —some of which deficient—including 128 donors for identification purposes. The exercise consisted firstly in the comparison of the post-mortem genetic profiles in order to re-associate fragmented remains to the same individual and secondly in the identification of the re-associated remains by comparing aSTR and mtDNA profiles with reference pedigrees using pre-established thresholds to report a positive identification. Regarding the results of the post-mortem samples re-associations, only a small number of discrepancies among participants were detected, all of which were from just a few labs. However, in the identification process by kinship analysis with family references, there were more discrepancies in comparison to the correct results. The identification results of single victims yielded fewer problems than the identification of multiple related victims within the same family groups. Several reasons for the discrepant results were detected: a) the identity/non-identity hypotheses were sometimes wrongly expressed in the likelihood ratio calculations, b) some laboratories failed to use all family references to report the DNA match, c) In families with several related victims, some laboratories firstly identified some victims and then unnecessarily used their genetic information to identify the remaining victims within the family, d) some laboratories did not correctly use “prior odds” values for the Bayesian treatment of the episode for both post-mortem/post-mortem re-associations as well as the ante-mortem/post-mortem comparisons to evaluate the probability of identity. For some of the above reasons, certain laboratories failed to identify some victims. This simulated “DNA-led” identification exercise may help forensic genetic laboratories to gain experience and expertize for DVI or MPI in using genetic data and comparing their own results with the ones in this collaborative exercise.This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Peer reviewe