Legal Statutes of Arab Refugees

The recently developed particle filter offers a general numerical tool to approximate the state a posteriori density in nonlinear and non-Gaussian filtering problems with arbitrary accuracy. Because the particle filter is fairly easy to implement and tune, it has quickly become a popular tool in signal processing applications. Its main drawback is that it is quite computer intensive. For a given filtering accuracy, the computational complexity increases quickly with the state dimension. One remedy to this problem is what in statistics is called Rao-Blackwellization, where states appearing linearly in the dynamics are marginalized out. This leads to that a Kalman filter is attached to each particle. Our main contribution here is to sort out when marginalization is possible for state space models, and to point out the implications in some typical signal processing applications. The methodology and impact in practice is illustrated on terrain navigation for aircrafts. The marginalized particle filter for a state-space model with nine states is evaluated on real aircraft data, and the result is that very good accuracy is achieved with quite reasonable complexity

Фармакогностический анализ сабельника болотного

АВТОРЕФЕРАТЫ ДИССЕРТАЦИЙБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫЕ ВЕЩЕСТВАЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ СРЕДСТВАРАСТЕНИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕРАСТИТЕЛЬНОЕ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЕ СЫРЬЕСАБЕЛЬНИК БОЛОТНЫЙФАРМАКОГНОЗИЯФАРМАКОЛОГИЯФИТОПРЕПАРАТЫХИМИЯ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКА

Fracture mechanics studies of non-yielding materials like concrete : modelling of tensile fracture and applied strength analyses

Fracture mechanics studies of non-yielding materials are presented. The studies are based on theoretical models for the macroscopical mechanical behaviour of materials during tensile stress induced fracture. A number of applied numercal analysis are indicated. Fracture models and strength relations are discussed also from a few more general and fundamental points of view. A number of comparisons are made to test results from literature. The applications concern materials such as concrete, reinforced concrete, mortar and wood. Most numerical calculations are carried out by means of finite element methods. The fracture mechanics model called the fictìtious crack model is emphasized. This model gives a.description of gradual and localized fracture-softening in a single discrete tensile fracture process region. 0ther models dealt with: linear elastic fracture mechanics, Weibull-model, un-limited plasticity, conventional maximum stress theory and a few more special models. Specimens dealt with during numerical calculations: beams in bending, fracture mechanics tests specimens, tensile test specimens, pipes in bending and crushing, specimens with a re-entrant corner and longitudinally reinforced concrete beams in shear. According to the results obtained, it seems to be theoretically consistent and often of great practical importance to take into account the gradual and localized fracture-softening during strength analysis of specimens and structural elements

Thermal properties of charge noise sources

Measurements of the temperature and bias dependence of Single Electron Transistors (SETs) in a dilution refrigerator show that charge noise increases linearly with refrigerator temperature above a voltage-dependent threshold temperature, and that its low temperature saturation is due to SET self-heating. We show further that the two-level fluctuators responsible for charge noise are in strong thermal contact with the electrons in the SET, which can be at a much higher temperature than the substrate. We suggest that the noise is caused by electrons tunneling between the SET metal and nearby potential wells

Finger-Joints and Laminated Wood. Final Report for the BFR-project

This report gives an overview and summary of research on wood-adhesive bonds performed during several years in a number of separate studies. These studies concern the mechanical testing, numerical analysis and constitutive modelling of wood-adhesive bonds in timber engineering. Applications such as finger-joints and glued-laminated timber are considered. The experimental studies include the testing of the fracture characteristics of wood-adhesive bonds. The numerical studies relate to the strength of finger-joints and laminated beams.In the experimental studies, the complete stress-displacement response of small specimens, particularly their fracture softening behaviour beyond peak stress, was recorded. A major outcome from the experiments is that wood-adhesive bonds can behave in a fracture-softening manner, and that it is possible to record this under stable conditions.In one of the numerical studies the finite element method was employed to analyse the stress distribution around zones of low stiffness in a laminated beam. A fracture mechanics analysis was also performed of the delamination of a laminated beam. The results show that the often made assumption of a stress redistribution taking place around weak zones is not necessarily true. Another finding is that the delamination of an initially cracked glulam beam tends to be increasingly dominated by mode II failure as the lamination thickness decreases.In another study, also related to finger-joints and laminated beams, the finger-joint failure in a glulam beam was simulated using a nonlinear fictitious crack model with stochastic properties. The results show the proposed approach to be able to account for such phenomena as the size effect and the laminating effect. Another observation is that finger-joint fracture energy, i.e. the ductility, has a major influence on lamination and beam strength. The influence of bondline defects on the tensile strength of a finger-joint was also investigated. It was demonstrated that even a small defect in the form of a glueline void, can have a relatively strong influence on the tensile strength. It was also demonstrated that the strength of finger-joints is largely inuenced by the outermost finger.Finally, an interface model based on damage mechanics is suggested for the modelling of wood-adhesive interfaces. This model accounts for joint dilatation and post-cracking friction. Also, a homogenisation scheme is presented for combining the proposed model with ordinary plasticity models for the adhesive bulk. This homogenisation procedure is based on assumptions regarding the stress and strain gradients typical of thin bondlines

Attitudes Toward Animal Rights in Palestine: A Quantitative Study

© Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, 2019 This study investigates and compares attitudes of 205 Palestinian and Norwegian university students toward companion animals (pets) using the Pet Attitude Scale. In order to provide some background for the Palestinian attitudes toward nonhuman animals, we discuss canonical Islamic texts on their treatment, as well as the present situation for animal protection in the Middle East. The findings from the survey suggest differences between Palestinian and Norwegian students; however, both groups showed predominately positive attitudes.acceptedVersio

Propagating phonons coupled to an artificial atom

Quantum information can be stored in micromechanical resonators, encoded as quanta of vibration known as phonons. The vibrational motion is then restricted to the stationary eigenmodes of the resonator, which thus serves as local storage for phonons. In contrast, we couple propagating phonons to an artificial atom in the quantum regime, and reproduce findings from quantum optics with sound taking over the role of light. Our results highlight the similarities between phonons and photons, but also point to new opportunities arising from the unique features of quantum mechanical sound. The low propagation speed of phonons should enable new dynamic schemes for processing quantum information, and the short wavelength allows regimes of atomic physics to be explored which cannot be reached in photonic systems.Comment: 30 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl