Studies on algorithms for the reconstruction of tracking particles in 4D for the sub-detector VELO

The second Upgrade of the LHCb experiment will implemented in subsequent years around 2030. Thus, the VELO detector will have to an upgrade with a pos- sible new technology that permits us to measure the positions and travel time of charged particles simultaneously. With this in mind, it is necessary to make previ- ous studies to see what kind of resolution will have this new detector. In particular, this study examines the potential algorithms that can be used, like for example, DB- SCAN(global algorithm) and Search by Triplet(local algorithm) to reconstruct the trajectory of particles. We make a detailed study on the Search by Triplet algorithm adding the time information. A interpretative study was done at the time informa- tion of the particles. It is found that the efficiency, fake rate, and clone rate of our algorithm can reach until 94%, 8%, 0.7%, respectively, using the Search by Triplet algorithm and the time information

Explore the lifetime frontier with MATHUSLA

The observation of long-lived particles at the LHC would reveal physics beyond the Standard Model, could account for the many open issues in our understanding of our universe, and conceivably point to a more complete theory of the fundamental interactions. Such long-lived particle signatures are fundamentally motivated and can appear in virtually every theoretical construct that address the Hierarchy Problem, Dark Matter, Neutrino Masses and the Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe. We describe in this document a large detector, MATHUSLA, located on the surface above an HL-LHC $pp$ interaction point, that could observe long-lived particles with lifetimes up to the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis limit of 0.1 s. We also note that its large detector area allows MATHUSLA to make important contributions to cosmic ray physics. Because of the potential for making a major breakthrough in our conceptual understanding of the universe, long-lived particle searches should have the highest level of priority.The observation of long-lived particles at the LHC would reveal physics beyond the Standard Model and could account for the many open issues in our understanding of our universe. Long-lived particle signatures are well motivated and can appear in many theoretical constructs that address the Hierarchy Problem, Dark Matter, Neutrino Masses and the Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe. With the current experiments at the particle accelerators, no search strategy will be able to observe the decay of neutral long-lived particles with masses above GeV and lifetimes at the limit set by Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, cτ ∼ 107–108 m. The MATHUSLA detector concept (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) will be presented. It can be implemented on the surface above ATLAS or CMS detectors in time for the high-luminosity LHC operations, to search for neutral long-lived particles with lifetimes up to the BBN limit. The large area of the detector allows MATHUSLA to make important contributions also to cosmic-ray physics. We will also report on the analysis of data collected by the test stand installed on the surface above the ATLAS detector, the on-going background studies, and plans for the MATHUSLA detector

A Letter of Intent for MATHUSLA: a dedicated displaced vertex detector above ATLAS or CMS.

In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) [1], a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector (DV) for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) without trigger limitations and with very low or zero backgrounds, allowing it to probe LLP cross sections and lifetimes up to several orders of magnitude beyond the reach of ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA would also act as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN, exploring many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics.In this Letter of Intent (LOI) we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles), a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) with up to several orders of magnitude better sensitivity than ATLAS or CMS, while also acting as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN to explore many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics. We review the physics motivations for MATHUSLA and summarize its LLP reach for several different possible detector geometries, as well as outline the cosmic ray physics program. We present several updated background studies for MATHUSLA, which help inform a first detector-design concept utilizing modular construction with Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as the primary tracking technology. We present first efficiency and reconstruction studies to verify the viability of this design concept, and we explore some aspects of its total cost. We end with a summary of recent progress made on the MATHUSLA test stand, a small-scale demonstrator experiment currently taking data at CERN Point 1, and finish with a short comment on future work