The Mobile Generation: Global Transformations at the Cellular Level

Every year we see a new dimension of the ongoing Digital Revolution, which is enabling an abundance of information to move faster, cheaper, in more intelligible forms, in more directions, and across borders of every kind. The exciting new dimension on which the Aspen Institute focused its 2006 Roundtable on Information Technology was mobility, which is making the Digital Revolution ubiquitous. As of this writing, there are over two billion wireless subscribers worldwide and that number is growing rapidly. People are constantly innovating in the use of mobile technologies to allow them to be more interconnected. Almost a half century ago, Ralph Lee Smith conjured up "The Wired Nation," foretelling a world of interactive communication to and from the home that seems commonplace in developed countries today. Now we have a "Wireless World" of communications potentially connecting two billion people to each other with interactive personal communications devices. Widespead adoption of wireless handsets, the increasing use of wireless internet, and the new, on-the-go content that characterizes the new generation of users are changing behaviors in social, political and economic spheres. The devices are easy to use, pervasive and personal. The affordable cell phone has the potential to break down the barriers of poverty and accessibility previously posed by other communications devices. An entire generation that is dependant on ubiquitous mobile technologies is changing the way it works, plays and thinks. Businesses, governments, educational institutions, religious and other organizations in turn are adapting to reach out to this mobile generation via wireless technologies -- from SMS-enabled vending machines in Finland to tech-savvy priests in India willing to conduct prayers transmitted via cell phones. Cellular devices are providing developing economies with opportunities unlike any others previously available. By opening the lines of communication, previously disenfranchised groups can have access to information relating to markets, economic opportunities, jobs, and weather to name just a few. When poor village farmers from Bangladesh can auction their crops on a craigslist-type service over the mobile phone, or government officials gain instantaneous information on contagious diseases via text message, the miracles of mobile connectivity move us from luxury to necessity. And we are only in the early stages of what the mobile electronic communications will mean for mankind. We are now "The Mobile Generation." Aspen Institute Roundtable on Information Technology. To explore the implications of these phenomena, the Aspen Institute Communications and Society Program convened 27 leaders from business, academia, government and the non-profit sector to engage in three days of dialogue on related topics. Some are experts in information and communications technologies, others are leaders in the broader society affected by these innovations. Together, they examined the profound changes ahead as a result of the convergence of wireless technologies and the Internet. In the following report of the Roundtable meeting held August 1-4, 2006, J. D. Lasica, author of Darknet and co-founder of Ourmedia.org, deftly sets up, contextualizes, and captures the dialogue on the impact of the new mobility on economic models for businesses and governments, social services, economic development, and personal identity

Next-Generation Media: The Global Shift

For over a decade the Aspen Institute Communications and Society Program has convened its CEO-level Forum on Communications and Society (FOCAS) to address specific issues relating to the impact of communications media on societal institutions and values. These small, invitation-only roundtables have addressed educational, democratic, and international issues with the aim of making recommendations to policy-makers, businesses and other institutions to improve our society through policies and actions in the information and communications sectors.In the summer of 2006 the forum took a different turn. It is clear there is a revolution affecting every media business, every consumer or user of media, and every institution affected by media. In a word, everyone. FOCAS sought to define the paradigm changes underway in the media, and to identify some of the significant repercussions of those changes on society."Next Generation Media" was a three-day meeting among leaders from new media (e.g., Google, craigslist, and Second Life) and mainstream media (e.g., The New York Times and Time), from business, government, academia and the non-profit sector, all seeking a broad picture of where the digital revolution is taking us.This report of the meeting, concisely and deftly written by Richard Adler, a longtime consultant in the field, weaves insights and anecdotes from the roundtable into a coherent document supplemented with his own research and data to form an accessible, coherent treatment of this very topical subject.The specific goals of the 2006 forum were to examine the profound changes ahead for the media industries, advertisers, consumers and users in the new attention economy; to understand how the development and delivery of content are creating new business models for commercial and non-commercial media; and to assess the impact of these developments on global relations, citizenship and leadership.The report thus examines the growth of the Internet and its effect on a rapidly changing topic: the impact of new media on politics, business, society, culture, and governments the world over. The report also sheds light on how traditional media will need to adapt to face the competition of the next generation media.Beginning, as the Forum did, with data from Jeff Cole's Center for the Digital Future at the University of Southern California, Adler documents the increasing popularity of the Internet for information, entertainment and communication. Users are increasingly generating and contributing content to the web and connecting to social networks. They are posting comments, uploading pictures, sharing videos, blogging and vlogging, chatting through instant messages or voice over Internet (VoIP), or emailing friends, business colleagues, neighbors and even strangers. As Cole observes, "Traditional media informed people but didn't empower them." New media do.The report describes three of the Internet's most successful ventures -- Wikipedia, Second Life, and craigslist. Wikipedia is a prime example of how an Internet platform allows its users to generate content and consume it. As a result of "wiki" software technology anyone can contribute or edit existing information free of cost. Second Life, a virtual world, sells virtual real estate where subscribers, in avatar form, can conduct conversations, go to lectures, even create a business. Craigslist, a predominantly free online classified site with listings in every major city in the United States, has become so popular that it is posing a significant threat to newspapers as it competes with their classified ad revenues.As a result of these and other new media phenomena, not the least being Google and Yahoo, print publications are wrestling with new business models that could entail fundamentally restructuring the way they operate. For instance, reporters are now expected to report a story on multiple media platforms and discuss them online with readers. Newspaper publisher Gannett is exploring the incorporation of usergenerated news or "citizen-journalism" into its news pages.In an era of abundant choices marketers have an even greater challenge to figure out how best to appeal to consumers. The report explores how marketers, e.g., of Hollywood movies or pomegranate juice, are moving from traditional or mainstream media to viral and other marketing techniques.For much of the world, the mobile phone rather than the computer is the most important communications device. Users depend on their phones to send and receive messages, pictures, and download information rather than just talk. In developing countries mobile phones are having an exceptional impact, penetrating regions which are not being serviced by land lines. Thus we are seeing new uses daily for this increased connectivity, from reporting election results in emerging democracies to opposing authoritarian governments in order to bring about new democracies.Meanwhile, the report discusses the need for the United States to develop a new form of public diplomacy rather than the traditional top-down approach to communicating to foreign citizens. This topic has been a recurring theme at FOCAS conferences the past few years, this year calling for more citizen diplomacy -- that is, more person-toperson contact across borders through uses of the new media. Indeed, Peter Hirshberg suggested that American leaders should listen more to the outside world to effectively manage what he called "Brand America."Finally, after acknowledging the detrimental effects that new technologies can bring about, the report discusses what role those technologies could play in expanding freedom and opportunity for the next generation. As a conclusion, FOCAS co-chair Marc Nathanson proposed adding a ninth goal to the United Nations Millennium Goals, namely, "to provide access to appropriate new technologies.

Junior and Intermediate Educators' Perceptions of Play Pedagogy: Informing Future Policy Creation & Implementation

Play-based instruction has become the guiding framework of Ontario’s Full-Day Kindergarten curriculum; however, the benefits of playful learning have yet to be extended into higher elementary grades. Through semi-structured interviews, this qualitative study involves an investigation into twelve Junior (grades four to six) and Intermediate (grades seven and eight) teachers’ perceptions of play pedagogy and its implementation into classroom practice. A grounded theory approach to data analysis uncovers a detailed depiction of teachers’ local knowledge base and current cognitive schemas, from which recommendations for policy creation and implementation are conceived. As a Prospective Policy Analysis, this research strives to take into account Ontario’s current educational context so as to minimize discrepancies between actual and desired results of a future play policy for grades four through eight

Resultados de existência para equações elípticas com termos singulares

Doutoramento em Matemática e AplicaçõesEsta dissertação estuda em detalhe três problemas elípticos: (I) uma classe de equações que envolve o operador Laplaciano, um termo singular e nãolinearidade com o exponente crítico de Sobolev, (II) uma classe de equações com singularidade dupla, o expoente crítico de Hardy-Sobolev e um termo côncavo e (III) uma classe de equações em forma divergente, que envolve um termo singular, um operador do tipo Leray-Lions, e uma função definida nos espaços de Lorentz. As não-linearidades consideradas nos problemas (I) e (II), apresentam dificuldades adicionais, tais como uma singularidade forte no ponto zero (de modo que um "blow-up" pode ocorrer) e a falta de compacidade, devido à presença do exponente crítico de Sobolev (problema (I)) e Hardy-Sobolev (problema (II)). Pela singularidade existente no problema (III), a definição padrão de solução fraca pode não fazer sentido, por isso, é introduzida uma noção especial de solução fraca em subconjuntos abertos do domínio. Métodos variacionais e técnicas da Teoria de Pontos Críticos são usados para provar a existência de soluções nos dois primeiros problemas. No problema (I), são usadas uma combinação adequada de técnicas de Nehari, o princípio variacional de Ekeland, métodos de minimax, um argumento de translação e estimativas integrais do nível de energia. Neste caso, demonstramos a existência de (pelo menos) quatro soluções não triviais onde pelo menos uma delas muda de sinal. No problema (II), usando o método de concentração de compacidade e o teorema de passagem de montanha, demostramos a existência de pelo menos duas soluções positivas e pelo menos um par de soluções com mudança de sinal. A abordagem do problema (III) combina um resultado de surjectividade para operadores monótonos, coercivos e radialmente contínuos com propriedades especiais do operador de tipo Leray- Lions. Demonstramos assim a existência de pelo menos, uma solução no espaço de Lorentz e obtemos uma estimativa para esta solução.This dissertation study mainly three elliptical problems: (I) a class of equations, which involves the Laplacian operator, a singular term and a nonlinearity with the critical Sobolev exponent, (II) a class of equations with double singularity, the critical Hardy-Sobolev exponent and a concave term and (III) a class of equations in divergent form, which involves a singular term, a Leray-Lions operator, and a function defined on Lorentz spaces. The nonlinearities considered in problems (I) and (II), bring additional difficulties which, as the strong singularity at zero (so blow-up may occur) and the lack of compactness due to the presence of a Sobolev critical exponent (problem (I)) and a Hardy-Sobolev critical exponent (problem (II)). In problem (III), the singularity implies that the standard definition of weak solution may not make sense. Therefore is necessary to introduce a special notion of weak solution on open subsets of the domain. Variational methods and Critical Point Theory techniques are used to prove the existence of solutions in the two first problems. In problem (I), our method combines Nehari's techniques, Ekeland's variational principle, minimax methods, a translation argument and integral estimates of the energy level. In this case, we prove the existence of (at least) four nontrivial solutions where at least one of them is sign-changing. In problem (II), we prove the existence of at least two positive solutions and a pair of sign-changing solutions, using the concentration-compactness method and the mountain pass theorem. The approach in problem (III) combines a surjectivity result for monotone, coercive and radially continuous operators with special properties of Leray-Lions operators. We prove the existence of at least one solution in a Lorentz space and obtain an estimative for the solution

THE INFLUENCE OF GREEN PERCEIVED QUALITY AND GREEN PERCEIVED RISK ON GREEN SATISFACTION AND GREEN TRUST OF SHARP AIR-CONDITIONING IN SURABAYA

Abstract – This research is conducted to find out the influence of green perceived quality and green perceived risk on green satisfaction and green trust of consumers of Sharp Air-Conditioning in Surabaya. The model in this study used five hypotheses. This research is causal research with quantitative method. This study used purposive sampling approach, which the sample consists of respondents who have bought and experience Sharp Air-Conditioning in Surabaya within one year. There are 190 respondents in this study. The analysis in this study used a model of SEM (Structural Equation Modeling), and processed using SPSS 20.0 for WINDOWS and LISREL 8.80 for Measurement and Structural Model. The result shows that green perceived quality and green perceived risk has influence on consumer green satisfaction of Sharp AirConditioning in Surabaya. Moreover, green perceived quality, green perceived risk, and green satisfaction has influence on consumer green trust of Sharp AirConditioning in Surabaya. Keywords: Green Perceived Quality, Green Perceived Risk, Green Satisfaction, Green Trus

THE INFLUENCE OF GREEN PERCEIVED QUALITY AND GREEN PERCEIVED RISK ON GREEN SATISFACTION AND GREEN TRUST OF SHARP AIR-CONDITIONING IN SURABAYA

Abstract – This research is conducted to find out the influence of green perceived quality and green perceived risk on green satisfaction and green trust of consumers of Sharp Air-Conditioning in Surabaya. The model in this study used five hypotheses. This research is causal research with quantitative method. This study used purposive sampling approach, which the sample consists of respondents who have bought and experience Sharp Air-Conditioning in Surabaya within one year. There are 190 respondents in this study. The analysis in this study used a model of SEM (Structural Equation Modeling), and processed using SPSS 20.0 for WINDOWS and LISREL 8.80 for Measurement and Structural Model. The result shows that green perceived quality and green perceived risk has influence on consumer green satisfaction of Sharp AirConditioning in Surabaya. Moreover, green perceived quality, green perceived risk, and green satisfaction has influence on consumer green trust of Sharp AirConditioning in Surabaya. Keywords: Green Perceived Quality, Green Perceived Risk, Green Satisfaction, Green Trus

Legal Language in the Age of Globalization: Prospects and Dilemmas

To appreciate the significance of the preceding articles, it is necessary to consider their implications in a broad context. As territorial borders become more and more permeable to the movements of capital, and as advanced technology joins even the most remote geographical areas, people throughout the world face new provocations and opportunities. Fears of cultural obliteration are being met with revitalized expressions of resistance. In the new global landscape, language plays a paramount role. The putative universality of English, for example, parallels the multiplication of vernacular idioms evolving as part of attempts to preserve cultural integrity. Yet, the counterpoint between cultural homogenization and differentiation also heightens the need for impartial systems of communication. It is in this respect that the language of law and legal scholarship becomes an indispensable resource. As the contributions in this Symposium make resoundingly clear, legal language, with its pauses, sounds, elisions, and pronouncements, is critical to the maintenance of social divisions. Its reconstitution should be equally central to the building of connections between disparate cultures

Taking theology to work: ressourcement theology and industrial work in interwar France and Belgium

This thesis argues that the theological narratives about industrial work which Joseph Cardijn and M.-Dominique Chenu developed during the inter-war and immediate post-war period should be read in terms of ressourcement theology. Cardijn and Chenu recovered the sources of theology of work, whilst acknowledging the critical importance of the everyday experience of working life, the hallmark of ressourcement theology. In doing so, this thesis makes the first sustained scholarly comparison of the theological narratives of work of Cardijn and Chenu. Drawing on archival material, I argue that Cardijn was fully conversant with the debates on Mystical Body ecclesiology of the mid-twentieth century, linking the experience of factory work to the Eucharist, and thereby offering workers a concrete method of integrating their faith into their working life. I argue that his development of the See-Judge-Act methodology was a practical way of reinforcing workers’ identity as dignified human persons created in the divine image. Turning to Chenu I draw on his French-language publications, few of which have been translated into English, to argue that by publishing much of his theological writing on work in popular (rather than academic) format, he was putting the ressourcement methodology into practice, by bringing theological discourse into the heart of life. I show how Chenu shared Cardijn’s concern for the salvation of the working classes, then largely absent from the churches and parish life. I demonstrate that he employed the dramatic socio-economic changes of the high medieval period to interrogate contemporary theological discourse on work, and to develop a theological narrative appropriate to twentieth-century industrial work, whether for the Jeunesse ouvrière chrétienne (JOC) or for the Worker Priests. Finally, I draw out their critical contributions to contemporary theologies of work

Round Robin Reading: Considering Alternative Instructional Practices That Make More Sense

As a teacher educator in reading, I am interested in how well classroom practices which preservice students observe during fieldwork coincide with what they learn in my courses. Through discussions with my students, as well as my own classroom observations, it appears that there is not always a fit between current theory and the actual classroom practice. For example, round robin reading, the practice of one student at a time reading a portion of text aloud while other students listen, became the center of a class discussion recently