Triploïdisation de Zebrafish

National audienc

Triploïdisation de Zebrafish

National audienc

Multiple vitellogenins in zebrafish (Danio rerio): quantitative inventory of genes, transcripts and proteins, and relation to egg quality

International audienc

Foxr1 is a novel maternal-effect gene in fish that is required for early embryonic success

The family of forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors regulates gonadogenesis and embryogenesis, but the role of foxr1 in reproduction is unknown. Evolutionary history of foxr1 in vertebrates was examined and the gene was found to exist in most vertebrates, including mammals, ray-finned fish, amphibians, and sauropsids. By quantitative PCR and RNA-seq, we found that foxr1 had an ovarian-specific expression in zebrafish, a common feature of maternal-effect genes. In addition, it was demonstrated using in situ hybridization that foxr1 was a maternally-inherited transcript that was highly expressed even in early-stage oocytes and accumulated in the developing eggs during oogenesis. We also analyzed the function of foxr1 in female reproduction using a zebrafish CRISPR/cas9 knockout model. It was observed that embryos from the foxr1-deficient females had a significantly lower survival rate whereby they either failed to undergo cell division or underwent abnormal division that culminated in growth arrest at around the mid-blastula transition and early death. These mutant-derived eggs contained dramatically increased levels of p21, a cell cycle inhibitor, and reduced rictor, a component of mTOR and regulator of cell survival, which were in line with the observed growth arrest phenotype. Our study shows for the first time that foxr1 is an essential maternal-effect gene and may be required for proper cell division and survival via the p21 and mTOR pathways. These novel findings will broaden our knowledge on the functions of specific maternal factors stored in the developing egg and the underlying mechanisms that contribute to reproductive success

foxr1 is a novel maternal-effect gene in fish that regulates embryonic cell growth via p21 and rictor

The family of forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors regulate gonadogenesis and embryogenesis, but the role of foxr1/foxn5 in reproduction is unknown. Evolution of foxr1 in vertebrates was examined and the gene found to exist in most vertebrates, including mammals, ray-finned fish, amphibians, and sauropsids. By quantitative PCR and RNA-seq, we found that foxr1 had an ovarian-specific expression in zebrafish, a common feature of maternal-effect genes. In addition, it was demonstrated using in situ hybridization that foxr1 was a maternally-inherited transcript that was highly expressed even in early-stage oocytes and accumulated in the developing eggs during oogenesis. We also analyzed the function of foxr1 in female reproduction using a zebrafish CRISPR/Cas9 knockout model. It was observed that embryos from the foxr1-deficient females had a significantly lower survival rate whereby they either failed to undergo cell division or underwent abnormal division that culminated in growth arrest at around the mid-blastula transition and early death. These mutant-derived eggs contained a dramatically increased level of p21, a cell cycle inhibitor, and reduced rictor, a component of mTOR and regulator of cell survival, which were in line with the observed growth arrest phenotype. Our study shows for the first time that foxr1 is an essential maternal-effect gene and is required for proper cell division and survival via the p21 and mTOR pathways. These novel findings will broaden our knowledge on the functions of specific maternal factors stored in the developing egg and the underlying mechanisms that contribute to reproductive fitness

The invalidation of the FSHR gene in zebrafish leads to a gain of body weight, a biased sex-steroid and a decrease in sperm quality

The invalidation of the FSHR gene in zebrafish leads to a gain of body weight, a biased sex-steroid and a decrease in sperm quality. 6. International Workshop on the Biology of Fish Gamete

Genome editing reveals developmental dependencies on specific types of vitellogenesis in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

International audienc

[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline as Novel Scaffold in the Imiqualines Family: Candidates with Cytotoxic Activities on Melanoma Cell Lines

International audienceCutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers and is the deadliest form of skin cancer, essentially due to metastases. Novel therapies are always required, since cutaneous melanoma develop resistance to oncogenic pathway inhibition treatment. The Imiqualine family is composed of heterocycles diversely substituted around imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine, imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline scaffolds, which display interesting activities on a panel of cancer cell lines, especially melanoma cell lines. We have designed and prepared novel compounds based on the [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline scaffold through a common synthetic route, using 1-chloro-2-hydrazinoquinoxaline and an appropriate aldehyde. Cyclization is ensured by an oxidation-reduction mechanism using chloranil. The substituents on positions 1 and 8 were chosen based on previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies conducted within our heterocyclic Imiqualine family. Physicochemical parameters of all compounds have also been predicted. A375 melanoma cell line viability has been evaluated for 16 compounds. Among them, three novel [1,2,4]triazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalines display cytotoxic activities. Compounds 16a and 16b demonstrate relative activities in the micromolar range (respectively, 3158 nM and 3527 nM). Compound 17a shows the best EC 50 of the novel series (365 nM), even if EAPB02303 remains the lead of the entire Imiqualine family (3 nM).</div

Genome editing reveals reproductive and developmental dependencies on specific types of vitellogenin in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

International audienceOviparous vertebrates produce multiple forms of vitellogenin (Vtg), the major source of yolk nutrients, but little is known about their individual contributions to reproduction and development. This study utilized clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing to assess essentiality and functionality of zebrafish (Danio rerio) type-I and type-III Vtgs. A multiple CRISPR approach was employed to knockout (KO) all genes encoding type-I vtgs (vtg1, 4, 5, 6, and 7) simultaneously (vtg1-KO), and the type-III vtg (vtg3) individually (vtg3-KO). Results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping and sequencing, quantitative PCR, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and Western blot analysis showed that only vtg6 and vtg7 escaped Cas9 editing. In fish whose remaining type-I vtgs were incapacitated (vtg1-KO), and in vtg3-KO fish, significant increases in Vtg7 transcript and protein levels occurred in liver and eggs, revealing a heretofore-unknown mechanism of genetic compensation regulating Vtg homeostasis. Egg numbers per spawn were elevated more than 2-fold in vtg1-KO females, and egg fertility was approximately halved in vtg3-KO females. Substantial mortality was evident in vtg3-KO eggs/embryos after only 8 hr of incubation and in vtg1-KO embryos after 5 days. Hatching rate and timing were markedly impaired in embryos from vtg mutant mothers and pericardial and yolk sac/abdominal edema and spinal lordosis were evident in the larvae, with feeding and motor activities also being absent in vtg1-KO larvae. By late larval stages, vtg mutations were either completely lethal (vtg1-KO) or nearly so (vtg3-KO). These novel findings offer the first experimental evidence that different types of vertebrate Vtg are essential and have disparate requisite functions at different times during both reproduction and development

What makes a fish egg able to be fertilized and subsequently develop into an embryo: new insights from CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in model species

What makes a fish egg able to be fertilized and subsequently develop into an embryo: new insights from CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in model species. Aquaculture Europe 201