Клинико-эпизоотологическая и патоморфологическая диагностика репродуктивно-респираторного синдрома свиней

The main symptom of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is a violation of reproductive function in sows, which is accompanied by abortion, premature birth of dead, weak and ugly piglets and mummified fetuses. Clinical signs of disease in sows usually develop in late gestating (100-114 days). The greatest number of stillbirths and deaths of piglets in the first days of life in PRRS observed in epizootic period of flow, when passing in the enzootic period, the number of stillborn piglets markedly reduced. In households, where the vaccine against the disease was not carried out, re-epizootic outbreaks occur every 18-19 months, and continue 4-5 months. The number of stillborn piglets in the initial appearance of reproductive respiratory syndrome of pigs is higher than in its recurrence. Bringing diseases occur with repair pigs and boars from farms with PRRS. Differential diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome should be on those diseases, whose pathogens can cause the death of embryos or abortion.В статье рассматриваются симптомы репродуктивно-респираторного синдрома свиней. Рассказывается о клинических признаках болезни у свиноматок и их развитии

История кафедры ветеринарной патологии

In the article the story of creation and activity of the chair of veterinary pathology is given. The article provides information about the structure of the chair and disciplines taught in it, about the teachers of the chair. Are described the major achievements of the chair staff in the field of science and communications of the chair with production and research institutions.В статье представлена история создания и деятельность кафедры ветеринарной патологии РУДН. Приводятся сведения о структуре кафедры и дисциплинах, преподаваемых на кафедре, представлены преподаватели кафедры. Освещены основные достижения сотрудников кафедры в научной сфере и связи кафедры с производственными и научно-исследовательскими учреждениями

Этиологические факторы и клинико-морфологическое проявление хламидиоза в свиноводческих комплексах

We studied etiological factors and clinical-morphological expression of chlamydia in pig farms. The disease was observed in the farms, regardless of the season, but more often in winter-spring period. Upon initial appearance of the disease in farms with single sows gestating in recent weeks registered abortions. In pigs-sosunov chlamydia proceeded against the defeat of the respiratory, digestive organs.В статье рассматриваются этиологические факторы и клинико-морфологическое проявление хламидиоза в свиноводческих комплексах. Отмечается, что болезнь возникает в хозяйствах независимо от сезона года, но чаще в зимне-весенний период. При первичном возникновении болезни у свиноматок регистрируются аборты. У поросят-сосунов хламидиоз протекает с поражением органов дыхания и пищеварения

Эпизоотология и клинико-морфологическая характеристика сальмонеллеза в свиноводческих комплексах

We studied epizootiology and clinical-morphological characteristics of salmonella in pig farms. Salmonella in pig farms often recorded under adverse conditions of feeding and housing of animals. The disease in pigs took place in acute, sub-acute and chronic forms.В статье рассматриваются эпизоотология и клинико-морфологическая характеристика сальмонеллеза в свиноводческих комплексах. Показывается, что сальмонеллез в свиноводческих комплексах чаще регистрируется при неблагоприятных условиях кормления и содержания животных. Болезнь у поросят протекает в острой, подострой и хронической формах

Морфологическая характеристика печени и слизистой оболочки тонкого кишечника поросят при применении энрофлоксацина и колистина

Intramuscular injection of the drug on the basis of compositional enrofloxacin and colistin in doses of 0,5, 1,0 and 2,5 ml per 10 kg weight of the animal within 20 days of piglets did not violate arhitektotoniku girder structure of the organ and morphometric parameters of hepatocytes. Use of the drug did not alter the amount and distribution of the lobules of the liver glycogen and lipid content of DNA in the nuclei and RNA in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, as well as the amount of total proteins in hepatocytes. The composite preparation on the basis of enrofloxacin and colistin of piglets had no effect on the structural organization of the mucosa of the small intestine and morphometric parameters, as well as DNA content nuclei and RNA in the cytoplasm. It does not change the core area, area and cytoplasmic-nuclear ratio of enterocytes apical and lateral surfaces of villi and crypts.В статье рассматриваются результаты внутримышечного введения поросятам композиционного препарата на основе энрофлоксацина и колистина в дозах 0,5, 1,0 и 2,5 мл на 10 кг массы животного в течение 20 дней. Данное введение не нарушало архитектотонику балочной структуры печени и морфометрические показатели гепатоцитов. Применение препарата не изменяло количество и распределение по дольке печени гликогена и липидов, содержание ДНК в ядрах и РНК в цитоплазме гепатоцитов, а также количество суммарных белков в гепатоцитах. Композиционный препарат на основе энрофлоксацина и колистина не влиял на структурную организацию слизистой оболочки тонкого кишечника и морфометрические показатели, а также на содержание ДНК в ядрах и РНК в цитоплазме. При этом не изменялась площадь ядра, площадь и цитоплазменно-ядерное отношение энтероцитов, апикальной и боковых поверхностей ворсинок и крипт

ВЛИЯНИЕ АПРАМИЦИНА НА СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ ПЕРИФЕРИЧЕСКОЙ КРОВИ КРЫС ПО ПАРАМЕТРАМ ОСМОТИЧЕСКИХ И КИСЛОТНЫХ ЭРИТРОГРАММ

Using automatic registration of erythrograms, the hypoosmotic and acid resistance of rat peripheral blood erythrocytes, modified with the antibiotic apramycin, were studied. It was found that a preliminary 30-minute incubation of a suspension of erythrocytes in physiological solution together with the antibiotic apramycin at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml reduced the resistance of blood cells to hypoosmotic and acid conditions compared with intact erythrocytes. In a 0.45 % NaCl solution, erythrocytes modified with apramycin were more actively involved in the hemolytic process and 90 % of the cells were subjected to osmotic hemolysis for 90 s. In physiological saline with pH of 3.5-4.0, the latent period of acid hemolysis of erythrocytes modified with apramycin was 130 s. The number of erythrocytes hemolyzed in an acidic environment did not exceed 29 %. It was stated that the aminoglycoside antibiotic apramycin at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml can interact with rat blood erythrocytes and cause latent changes in membrane structures and other organic components of cells in them, thereby reducing their resistance properties in hypoosmotic and acidic conditions.С помощью автоматической регистрации эритрограмм изучены гипоосмотическая и кислотная резистентность эритроцитов периферической крови крыс, модифицированных антибиотиком апрамицином. Установлено, что предварительная 30 минутная инкубация взвеси эритроцитов в физиологическом растворе вместе антибиотиком апрамицином в концентрации 0.2 мг/мл снижает резистентость клеток крови к гипоосмотическим и кислотным условиям по сравнению с интактными эритроцитами. В 0.45 % растворе NaCl эритроциты, модифицированные апрамицином, активнее вовлекались в гемолитический процесс и в течение 90 с осмотическому гемолизу подвергалось 90 % клеток. В физиологическом растворе с рН 3.5-4.0 латентный период кислотного гемолиза эритроцитов, модифицированных апрамицином, составил 130 с. Количество эритроцитов, гемолизированных в кислой среде, не превышало 29 %. Установлено, что аминогликозидный антибиотик апрамицин в концентрации 0.2 мг/мл может взаимодействовать с эритроцитами крови крыс и, вызывать в них скрытые изменения мембранных структур и других органических компонентов клеток, снижая тем самым их резистентные свойства в условиях гипоосмотической и кислой среды

Parameters of nonspecific resistance of calves with respiratory pathology before and after treatment

Objective: The research was conducted to study the effect of a complex antimicrobial drug with an anti-inflammatory effect and an antimicrobial drug with an immunostimulating effect on the parameters of nonspecific resistance in calves. Materials and Methods: Two groups (n = 5 each) of sick calves with respiratory pathology were selected for this study. For the treatment of the first experimental group, a complex antimicrobial drug Sulfetrisan® was used. The second experimental group of the calves was intramuscularly injected with the experimental drug gentaaminoseleferon (GIA). To assess the cellular component of immunity in the blood before and after treatment, the number of white blood cells, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, phagocytic activity of leukocytes, phagocytic number, and phagocytic index (PhI) were determined. In addition, for assessing the humoral component, serum complement activity (SCA), serum lysozyme activity, serum bactericidal activity (SBA), circulating immune complexes (CIC), and total immunoglobulins (total Ig) were measured. The results were compared with the baseline parameters of healthy calves of the control group. Results: When studying the parameters of the humoral and cellular components of nonspecific resistance, it was found that in sick animals, compared with healthy ones, respiratory pathology was accompanied by an imbalance in the immune system. In the process of recovery in animals of the experimental groups under the effect of the drugs, positive changes occurred. However, many of the studied parameters did not reach the values of healthy animals. In the group of calves that received GIA, compared with the calves given Sulfetrisan®, a significant increase in PhI (p < 0.05), SBA (p < 0.006), SCA (p < 0.05), total Ig (p < 0.0005), and CIC (p < 0.05) was observed, which indicated an increase in natural resistance due to the immunostimulating action. Conclusion: The use of GIA in sick animals added to an increase in the general nonspecific cellular and humoral resistance of calves, which made it possible to increase therapeutic efficacy and shorten their recovery time © 2021. The authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Resistance investigation of diamond-like carbon coatings to cyclic temperature changes

Optical elements used in outer space must be designed considering the effects of such factors as space vacuum, atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit, solar and space radiation, large temperature drops, gas release of spacecraft materials and structural elements, space dust and debris. In order to harden and protect mirror surfaces of optical elements from external factors, it has been promisingly applied diamond-like carbon coatings on their surface. These coatings are characterized by high strength and wear-resistant properties, in particular, high hardness, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance and chemical inertness. This leads to their widespread use in various fields of science and technology, including optical instrumentation. This paper presents the results of testing an aluminum mirror with a diamond-like carbon coating under the effect of cyclic temperature changes for determining their ability to withstand a rapid cyclic ambient temperature change, and specifically, to maintain optical and mechanical properties. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved

Correction of the immune status of cows by using aminoseleton during the dry period for prevention of antenatal calf hypotrophy

The article describes the indicators of secondary immune deficiency in pregnant cows during the cow drying off. Morphological, biochemical, and immunological blood parameters are displayed. Clinical manifestation of calf hypotrophy syndrome during the neonatal period is studied. The experience of using Aminoseleton for pregnant cows during the drying off is describes. Evaluation of the biological effect on the organism of cows of a new tissue biostimulator was carried out on 22 cows with secondary immunodeficiency 30-45 days before calving, formed on the principle of paired analogues in two groups. Aminoseleton was used subcutaneously five times every 72 hours at a dose of 40 ml. The positive effect of immunomodulator Aminoseleton on metabolic status and the overall non-specific resistance indicators during the cow drying off was revealed. According to the results hypotrophic calves were born with a deficiency of body weight and a non-proportional physique. Tendency to centralize circulation, hypovolemia, hyperdynamic reaction with infarction, pulmonary hypertension with, spastic condition precapillary arterioles, disturbance of microcirculation in microvessels in newborn hypotrophic calves was observed. In perinatal hypotrophy in calves, inhibition of cellular immunity was noted predominantly against the background of an increased activity of oxidative metabolism in neutrophils. The results of our research indicate a violation of the structure and links of non-specific cellular and humoral resistance in calves with perinatal hypotrophy. As a result, a direct correlation between the level of non-specific resistance of the mother’s organism, and the state of health condition of the newborns is established. © 2019 Popova et al