Las cuentas de las privatizaciones: el caso de Seat

Existe un amplio debate internacional y multidisciplinar en torno a los resultados de las privatizaciones acaecidas a lo largo de las dos últimas décadas. La evidencia empírica disponible en la literatura no parece confirmar los argumentos de carácter macro y microeconómico en relación con la privatización, ni tampoco ayuda a identificar cuáles son las mejores formas de privatizar. Por otro lado, algunos estudios recientes apuntan la posibilidad de que los agentes que intervienen en la privatización tomen decisiones del tipo "accounting choice" , en la medida en que ello les ayudaría a la maximización de la utilidad individual de las entidades a las que representan. El presente trabajo persigue comprobar, mediante los contrastes estadísticos pertinentes, y a partir de la utílización de un conjunto pre-seleccionado de ratíos fmancieros y contables, si la crisis de racionalidad que se pudiera haber producido con respecto al mantenimiento de las acciones de Seat en manos del INI, se vio resuelta con la privatización de la empresa. Por otra parte, y desde el punto de vista de la posible crisis de legitimidad asociada a la posible incompetencia del INI para resolver los problemas de Seat, estamos interesados en conocer si se produjo, antes o después de la privatización, alguna decisión de "elección contable" encaminada a devolver al Estado la legitimidad perdida

Facial expression analysis by computational intelligence techniques

Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc

Automatic analysis of facial expressions: The state of the art

... This paper surveys the past work in solving these problems. The capability of the human visual system with respect to these problems is discussed, too. It is meant to serve as an ultimate goal and a guide for determining recommendations for development of an automatic facial expression analyze

Dynamics of facial expression: Recognition of facial actions and their temporal segments from face profile image sequences

Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc

Teaching Introductory Artificial Intelligence Using a Simple Agent Framework

Abstract—This paper describes a flexible method of teaching introductory artificial intelligence (AI) using a novel, Java-implemented, simple agent framework developed specifically for the purposes of this course. Although numerous agent frameworks have been proposed in the vast body of literature, none of these available frameworks proved to be simple enough to be used by first-year students of computer science. Hence, the authors set out to create a novel framework that would be suitable for the aims of the course, for the level of computing skills of the intended group of students, and for the size of this group of students. The content of the introductory AI course in question is a set of assignments that requires the students to use intelligent agents and other AI techniques to monitor, filter, and retrieve relevant information from the World Wide Web. It represents, therefore, a synthesis of the traditional objectivist approach and a real-world-oriented, constructivist approach to teaching programming to novices. The main aim of implementing such a pedagogy was to engage the students in learning to which they personally relate while attaining intellectual rigor. Classroom experience indicates that students learn more effectively when the traditional objectivist approach is combined with a constructivist approach than when this orthodox approach to teaching programming to novices is used alone. Index Terms—Agent framework, artificial intelligence (AI) course, intelligent agents, introductory engineering course, Java