Bayesian Analysis of Generalized Hierarchical Indian Buffet Processes for Within and Across Group Sharing of Latent Features

Bayesian nonparametric hierarchical priors provide flexible models for sharing of information within and across groups. We focus on latent feature allocation models, where the data structures correspond to multisets or unbounded sparse matrices. The fundamental development in this regard is the Hierarchical Indian Buffet process (HIBP), devised by Thibaux and Jordan (2007). However, little is known in terms of explicit tractable descriptions of the joint, marginal, posterior and predictive distributions of the HIBP. We provide explicit novel descriptions of these quantities, in the Bernoulli HIBP and general spike and slab HIBP settings, which allows for exact sampling and simpler practical implementation. We then extend these results to the more complex setting of hierarchies of general HIBP (HHIBP). The generality of our framework allows one to recognize important structure that may otherwise be masked in the Bernoulli setting, and involves characterizations via dynamic mixed Poisson random count matrices. Our analysis shows that the standard choice of hierarchical Beta processes for modeling across group sharing is not ideal in the classic Bernoulli HIBP setting proposed by Thibaux and Jordan (2007), or other spike and slab HIBP settings, and we thus indicate tractable alternative priors.Comment: This is an extensive re-write and extension of arXiv:2103.11407 where variations of the results for the HIBP (but not HHIBP) were establishe

A perception of medical students about role of cinema on mental health

Background: Among few of the recreational activities of students are sports and watching cinema. Movies are found to be powerful instruments in influencing the attitudinal changes, emotional impact, education, life styles, health and other behaviours. Objectives 1. Choice of cinema among medical students 2. Perceived effects of watching cinema on study participants. Methods- This was a cross sectional study carried out among undergraduate medical students. Sample size: 153. Result: Age of the participants ranged from 18-29 years averaging 21.43 years. Bollywood movies were the most commonly watched by 113 (73.9%) followed by Hollywood movies watched by 104 (68%) study participants.77 (50.3%) participants believed that movies showing sexual violence against females badly affect the psyche of females

ScriptWorld: Text Based Environment For Learning Procedural Knowledge

Text-based games provide a framework for developing natural language understanding and commonsense knowledge about the world in reinforcement learning based agents. Existing text-based environments often rely on fictional situations and characters to create a gaming framework and are far from real-world scenarios. In this paper, we introduce ScriptWorld: a text-based environment for teaching agents about real-world daily chores and hence imparting commonsense knowledge. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first interactive text-based gaming framework that consists of daily real-world human activities designed using scripts dataset. We provide gaming environments for 10 daily activities and perform a detailed analysis of the proposed environment. We develop RL-based baseline models/agents to play the games in Scriptworld. To understand the role of language models in such environments, we leverage features obtained from pre-trained language models in the RL agents. Our experiments show that prior knowledge obtained from a pre-trained language model helps to solve real-world text-based gaming environments. We release the environment via Github: https://github.com/Exploration-Lab/ScriptWorldComment: Accepted at IJCAI 2023, 26 Pages (7 main + 19 for appendix

Spectrum cartography techniques, challenges, opportunities, and applications: A survey

The spectrum cartography finds applications in several areas such as cognitive radios, spectrum aware communications, machine-type communications, Internet of Things, connected vehicles, wireless sensor networks, and radio frequency management systems, etc. This paper presents a survey on state-of-the-art of spectrum cartography techniques for the construction of various radio environment maps (REMs). Following a brief overview on spectrum cartography, various techniques considered to construct the REMs such as channel gain map, power spectral density map, power map, spectrum map, power propagation map, radio frequency map, and interference map are reviewed. In this paper, we compare the performance of the different spectrum cartography methods in terms of mean absolute error, mean square error, normalized mean square error, and root mean square error. The information presented in this paper aims to serve as a practical reference guide for various spectrum cartography methods for constructing different REMs. Finally, some of the open issues and challenges for future research and development are discussed.publishedVersio

Versatile members of the DNAJ family show Hsp70 dependent anti-aggregation activity on RING1 mutant parkin C289G

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and several mutations in different genes have been identified to contribute to the disease. A loss of function parkin RING1 domain mutant (C289G) is associated with autosomal-recessive juvenile-onset Parkinsonism (AR-JP) and displays altered solubility and sequesters into aggregates. Single overexpression of almost each individual member of the Hsp40 (DNAJ) family of chaperones efficiently reduces parkin C289G aggregation and requires interaction with and activity of endogenously expressed Hsp70 s. For DNAJB6 and DNAJB8, potent suppressors of aggregation of polyglutamine proteins for which they rely mainly on an S/T-rich region, it was found that the S/T-rich region was dispensable for suppression of parkin C289G aggregation. Our data implies that different disease-causing proteins pose different challenges to the protein homeostasis system and that DNAJB6 and DNAJB8 are highly versatile members of the DNAJ protein family with multiple partially non-overlapping modes of action with respect to handling disease-causing proteins, making them interesting potential therapeutic targets

Watch the Moon, Learn the Moon: Lunar Geology Research at School Level with Telescope and Open Source Data

Science-AI Symbiotic Group at Seven Square Academy, Naigaon was formed in 2023 with the purpose of bringing school students to the forefronts of science research by involving them in hands on research. In October 2023 a new project was started with the goal of studying the lunar surface by real-time observations and open source data. Twelve students/members from grades 8, 9, 10 participated in this research attempt wherein each student filled an observation metric by observing the Moon on various days with a Bresser Messier 150mm/1200mm reflector Newtonian telescope. After the observations were done, the members were assigned various zones on the lunar near side for analysis of geological features. Then a data analysis metric was filled by each of students with the help of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera's/ LROC's quickmap open access data hosted by Arizona State University. In this short paper a brief overview of this project is given. One example each of observation metric and data analysis metric is presented. This kind of project has high impact for school science education with minimal costs. This project can also serve as an interesting science outreach program for organisations looking forward to popularise planetary sciences research at school level.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Chimeric antigen receptor macrophages target and resorb amyloid plaques

Substantial evidence suggests a role for immunotherapy in treating Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD). While the precise pathophysiology of AD is incompletely understood, clinical trials of antibodies targeting aggregated forms of β amyloid (Aβ) have shown that reducing amyloid plaques can mitigate cognitive decline in patients with early-stage AD. Here, we describe what we believe to be a novel approach to target and degrade amyloid plaques by genetically engineering macrophages to express an Aβ-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-Ms). When injected intrahippocampally, first-generation CAR-Ms have limited persistence and fail to significantly reduce plaque load, which led us to engineer next-generation CAR-Ms that secrete M-CSF and self-maintain without exogenous cytokines. Cytokine secreting reinforced CAR-Ms have greater survival in the brain niche and significantly reduce plaque load locally in vivo. These findings support CAR-Ms as a platform to rationally target, resorb, and degrade pathogenic material that accumulates with age, as exemplified by targeting Aβ in AD