40 research outputs found
Reconfigurable antenna using photoconducting switches
This paper presents a design for an optically reconfigurable printed dipole antenna. A wideband coplanar
waveguide (CPW) to coplanar stripline (CPS) transition is used to feed the balanced printed dipole. Two silicon
photo switches are placed on small gaps in both dipole arms equidistant from the centre feed. Light from two
infra-red laser diodes channelled through fibre optic cables is applied to the switches. With the gaps in the
dipole bridged, the antenna resonates at a lower frequency. Measured return loss results that compare well to the
simulated values are also presented, showing a frequency shift of nearly 40%. The change in bore-sight gain
along with radiation patterns are also presented
Optically reconfigurable balanced dipole antenna
In this paper, a new design for an optically
reconfigurable printed dipole antenna is presented. A
wideband coplanar waveguide (CPW) to coplanar strip
(CPS) transition is used to feed the printed dipole. Two
optically activated silicon switches, controlled using
fibre optic cables and near infra-red laser diodes, are
placed on small gaps in the dipole arms. The switches
enable the dipole length to be optically controlled, thus
facilitating frequency switching. Measured return loss
results that compare well to the simulated values are
also presented, showing a frequency shift of 10.5%
Frequency and beam reconfigurable antenna using photoconducting switches
A design for an optically reconfigurable printed
dipole antenna is presented. A wideband coplanar waveguide
(CPW) to coplanar stripline (CPS) transition is used to feed the
balanced printed dipole. Two silicon photo switches are placed on
small gaps in both dipole arms equidistant from the centre feed.
Light from two infrared laser diodes channelled through fiber
optic cables is applied to the switches. With the gaps in the dipole
bridged, the antenna resonates at a lower frequency. Measured
return loss results that compare well to the simulated values are
also presented, showing a frequency shift of nearly 40%. The
change in bore-sight gain along with radiation patterns are also
presented. Activating each switch individually results in a near
50 shift in beam nulls
Antenna frequency and beam reconfliguring using photoconducting switches
This paper presents the use of photoconducting switches in antennas for reconfiguring operating frequencies and radiation patterns. It has also been demonstrated that these switches can be used in optically controlled phase shifters. A frequency shift of 40% is achieved with a dipole antenna and an array of patch antennas show beam scanning covering 30deg
Low correlation multiple antenna system for mobile phone applications using novel decoupling slots in ground plane
A compact low profile multiple antenna system for multiple-input-multiple- output (MIMO) applications is proposed. The antenna system combines two monopole type printed antennas with a slotted ground plane for low correlation and high isolation characteristics. The main antenna covers the twelve wireless communication bands required for LTE, GSM, UMTS2110, Bluetooth, WiMAX and WLAN. The auxiliary antenna has a very small volume compared to the main one and covers the ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range (3.74-12 GHz). The antennas are positioned at opposite ends of the system's ground in order to reduce the mutual coupling between them. The isolation maintained is better than 20 dB over the desired frequency bands, resulting in an envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.08. The simulation results show good S-parameters, high gain and radiation efficiency, and relatively stable radiation patterns. Due to the compact size and the ultrawide bandwidth, the proposed multiple antenna system is suitable for communication handsets that have size limitations. Results are presented and discussed. © 2013 IEEE
The energy absorbed in the human head due to ring-type jewelry and face-illuminating mobile phones using a dipole and a realistic source
The effect of facial ring jewelry is investigated on the
energy absorbed in the head when illuminated by communicationsenabled
personal data assistant (PDA)-type devices. We study the
relative changes in specific absorption rates in the head due to perturbing
metallic rings in proximity to the face illuminated by a
1.8 GHz dipole and a monopole on a conducting box. Simple and
complex head models used in a validated finite-difference time-domain
(FDTD) simulation are compared with measurements from
an industry standard DASY4 SAR measurement system. Both simulation
and measurement are referred to the IEEE specific anthropomorphic
mannequin head. Results show that metallic rings may
alter specific absorption rates (SAR) level distributions within the
head. Results are given for several common ring sizes
Frequency switchable dual-band branch-line coupler
In this paper, silicon switches are implemented in the
design of frequency switchable dual-band branch-line coupler.
Frequency switching is achieved by increasing the power of the
laser applied to the highly resistive silicon wafer and changing
the properties of silicon under optical illumination. The
advantages of this approach are high-speed switching,
electromagnetic transparency (no interference) and thermal and
electrical isolation between the coupler and the control circuit. A
frequency shift of 35% and 10% has been achieved from all
switches off to all switches on in lower (900 MHz) and upper
(1800 MHz) frequency bands, respectively
Effects of metallic spectacles on SAR when using communications enabled PDAs in front of the face
This paper presents simulated and measured results of a study examining the effects of metallic
spectacles on the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) inside a modified Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin
(SAM) head when using various RF sources. We consider dipole sources resonating at 900MHz and 1800MHz
as well as three communications enabled PDAs operating in the GSM900 band
Effect of tongue jewellery and orthodontist metallic braces on the SAR due to mobile phones in different anatomical human head models including children
This paper has used the Finite-difference Time-domain (FDTD) computer simulation technique to
investigate Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) in different human head models with metallic jewellery. A dipole
excitation has been placed in front of the nose of 4 anatomical heads including a 5 year old and a 12 year old
child’s head. Metallic tongue jewellery and orthodontist metallic braces were added to the models and the SAR
was investigated over a range of communication frequencies
On the effects of straight metallic jewellery on the specific absorption rates resulting from face illuminating radio communications devices at popular cellular frequencies
This paper presents simulated and measured phantom results for the possible
effects that head worn jewellery may have on the relative levels of energy
absorbed in the human head with cellular enabled mobile communication
devices. The FDTD electromagnetic code used with simple and complex
anatomical mathematical phantoms was used to consider the interactions of
metallic jewellery, heads and representative sources at 900 and 1800 MHz.
Illuminated metallic pins of different lengths were positioned in front of the
face. Initially, a homogenous phantom was used to understand the relative
enhancement mechanisms. This geometry allowed the results to be validated
with the industry standard DASY4 robot SAR measurement system related
to the CENELEC head. Jewellery pins were then added to an anatomically
realistic head. The relative increase in the 1 g and 10 g SAR, due to a pin
with a length 0.4λ near the eyebrows of a complex, anatomically realistic head
was approximately three times at 1800 MHz. Such pins increased the SAR
averaged over a 1 g or 10 gmass by redistributing the energy absorbed inside the
head and focusing this energy towards the area of the head nearest to the centre
of the pin. Although, the pins increased the SAR, the SAR standards were
not breached and the jewellery produced lower values than those of previous
studies when the source was positioned close to the ear