Caracterização física, química e ecotoxicológica de efluente da indústria de fabricação de explosivos

The production and use of nitroaromatic explosives have resulted in their dissemination into the environment, where their presence in waterways and soil represents an ecological and health hazard. The hazardous characteristics of these compounds need to be carefully studied, so that the impact of their discharge on the environment can be better evaluated. This work presents the characterization of wastewater from Brazilian TNT industry using as analytical techniques mass spectroscopy, chromatography, toxicity assays and other physico-chemical analyses

Connections among Land Use, Water Quality, Biodiversity of Aquatic Invertebrates, and Fish Behavior in Amazon Rivers

Rivers in the Amazon have among the greatest biodiversity in the world. The Xingu River, one of the tributaries of the Amazon River, has a length of 1640 km, draining 510,000 km2 in one of the most protected regions on the planet. The Middle Xingu region in Brazil has been highly impacted by mining and livestock farming, leading to habitat fragmentation due to altered water quality. Therefore, comparing two rivers (the preserved Xingu River and the impacted Fresco River) and their confluence, the aims of the present study were to (1) assess the land uses in the hydrographic basin; (2) determine the water quality by measurements of turbidity, total solids, and metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, and Hg); (3) compare the zooplankton biodiversity; and (4) to evaluate the avoidance behavior of fish (Astyanax bimaculatus) when exposed to waters from the Xingu and Fresco Rivers. Zooplankton were grouped and counted down to the family level. For the analysis of fish avoidance, a multi-compartment system was used. The forest class predominated at the study locations, accounting for 57.6%, 60.8%, and 63.9% of the total area at P1XR, P2FR, and P3XFR, respectively, although since 1985, at the same points, the forest had been reduced by 31.3%, 25.7%, and 27.9%. The Xingu River presented almost 300% more invertebrate families than the Fresco River, and the fish population preferred its waters (>50%). The inputs from the Fresco River impacted the water quality of the Xingu River, leading to reductions in local invertebrate biodiversity and potential habitats for fish in a typical case of habitat fragmentation due to anthropic factors.Fil: Silva de Sousa, Rodrigo. Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará; BrasilFil: Silva, Gilmar Clemente. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Bazzan, Thiago. Earth Observation And Geoinformatics Division, National; BrasilFil: de la Torre, Fernando Roman. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable; ArgentinaFil: Nebo, Caroline. Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará; BrasilFil: Siqueira Silva, Diógenes Henrique. Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará; BrasilFil: Cardoso Silva, Sheila. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Martins Pompêo, Marcelo Luiz. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Brazil de Paiva, Teresa Cristina. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Teixeira da Silva, Flávio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Vieira Rêgo da Silva, Daniel Clemente. Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará; Brasi

Caracterização e tratamento de efluente de branqueamento TCF de industria de papel e celulose

Orientador: Nelson Eduardo Duran CaballeroTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de QuimicaDoutorad

Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Freshwater Organisms Used in Toxicity Tests of Wastewater from Explosives Company

Explosives industries are a source of toxic discharge. The aim of this study was to compare organisms sensitivity (Daphnia similis, Danio rerio, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida) in detecting acute toxicity in wastewater from two explosives, 2,4,6-TNT (TNT) and nitrocellulose. The samples were collected from an explosives company in the Paraiba Valley, So Paulo, Brazil. The effluents from TNT and nitrocellulose production were very toxic for tested organisms. Statistical tests indicated that D. similis and D. rerio were the most sensitive organisms for toxicity detection in effluents from 2,4,6-TNT and nitrocellulose production. The P. putida bacteria was the organism considered the least sensitive in indicating toxicity in effluents from nitrocellulose.National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq)CNPq (National Council of Scientific and Technological Development)ANA ( Brazilian Agency of Water)ANA ( Brazilian Agency of Water

Caracterização estacional das variáveis físicas, químicas, biológicas e ecotoxicológicas em um trecho do Rio Paraíba do Sul, SP, Brasil

Resumo O Rio Paraíba do Sul está localizado em uma região brasileira com elevada densidade populacional e grande importância socioeconômica. Em seu trecho paulista, o rio encontra-se impactado e com a qualidade da água comprometida devido à retirada da vegetação ciliar, o aumento de áreas impermeáveis, a atividade industrial, a utilização de insumos agrícolas e, principalmente, pelo lançamento de esgotos sem tratamento adequado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar, durante as estações seca e chuvosa, a qualidade da água do Rio Paraíba do Sul quanto as variáveis físicas, químicas, biológicas e ecotoxicológicas em seu trecho médio superior. As coletas das amostras foram realizadas trimestralmente entre os meses de agosto de 2013 e agosto de 2014. Foram determinadas variáveis: pH, temperatura, condutividade, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), fósforo total (PT), sólidos totais (ST), coliformes termotolerantes (CT), clorofila-a, efeito tóxico agudo (ETA) e crônico (ETC) e Índice de Estado Trófico (IET). Os resultados referentes à qualidade das águas mostraram que as variáveis OD, PT e CT estavam em desacordo com o estabelecido para um rio classe 2, conforme a resolução CONAMA 357/2005 (2005). Algumas variáveis apresentaram uma redução ao longo do período avaliado, como DBO (42,4%), ST (31,1%) e DQO (21,3%). No período chuvoso foram observados ETA e ETC. A análise estatística mostrou que a precipitação pluviométrica possui grande influência sobre OD, DBO, ST, clorofila-a, ETA e ETC, atuando como um possível agente intensificador de impactos sobre este manancial