Baseline data of four insecticides with different modes of action for Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

La mosca de la fruta del Mediterráneo, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), y la mosca sudamericana de los frutos, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) son plagas de gran importancia económica en Argentina y el mundo. Una de las formas de control es el uso de insecticidas en pulverizaciones totales o en cebos. El uso reiterado de un determinado producto ejerce una fuerte presión de selección, pudiendo ocasionar la aparición de resistencia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el dato de nivel básico de cuatro insecticidas con diferentes mecanismos de acción mediante bioensayos en laboratorio. Los productos utilizados fueron formulaciones comerciales de ciantraniliprol, clorpirifos, lambdacialotrina y spinosad. La concentración letal media se estimó mediante un análisis de la curva dosis-respuesta. Para ciantraniliprol y clorpirifós los machos y las hembras de ambas especies fueron igualmente susceptibles. Para lambdacialotrina se detectaron diferencias entre las dos especies; la CL50 de A. fraterculus (0,058 y 0,074 para machos y hembras respectivamente) fue menor que la de C. capitata (0,523 y 0,624 para machos y hembras respectivamente). Para spinosad, los machos de A. fraterculus fueron igualmente susceptibles que los machos y las hembras de C. capitata. Estos resultados generan valores de referencia para Argentina y evidencian la necesidad de completar este tipo de estudios con evaluaciones de poblaciones naturales sobre las cuales se ejerce control químico así como con ensayos en campo y semi-campo. Asimismo muestran la necesidad de completar este tipo de estudios con evaluaciones de los niveles de ingesta en las distintas concentraciones.The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) are pests of major economic importance in Argentina and worldwide. One way to control them is the use of insecticide in sprays or baits. The repeated use of a particular product exerts a strong selection pressure and can lead to development of resistance. The aim of this study was to determine baseline data of four insecticides with different mechanisms of action through laboratory bioassays. The products used were commercial formulations of cyantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos, lambdacyalothrin and spinosad. The mean lethal concentration was estimated by a dose-response curve analysis. Cyantraniliprole and chlorpyrifos were equally susceptible for males and females of both species. For lambdacyalothrin differences between the two species were detected; LC50 of A. fraterculus (0.058 and 0.074 for males and females respectively) was lower than that of C. capitata (0.523 and 0.624 for males and females respectively). For spinosad, A. fraterculus males were equally susceptible than males and females of C. capitata. These results generate reference values for Argentina and demonstrate the need to complete these studies with field evaluations of natural populations on which chemical control is exercised as well as with field and semi-field trials. It also shows the need to complete these studies in which the intake at different concentrations is measured.Fil: Paez Jerez, P. G.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia. Cátedra. Terapéutica Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Carrizo, B. N.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Musse, R.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia. Cátedra. Terapéutica Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Varela, E.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia. Cátedra. Terapéutica Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Armiñana, A.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia. Cátedra. Terapéutica Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Milla, F.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Centro de Investigación de Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Maria Teresa. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia. Cátedra. Terapéutica Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: de la Vega, M. H.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia. Cátedra. Terapéutica Vegetal; Argentin

Long-term safety of spinal cord stimulation systems in a prospective, global registry of patients with chronic pain

Aim: The availability of long-term (>2 years) safety outcomes of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) remains limited. We evaluated safety in a global SCS registry for chronic pain. Methods: Participants were prospectively enrolled globally at 79 implanting centers and followed out to 3 years after device implantation. Results: Of 1881 participants enrolled, 1289 received a permanent SCS implant (1776 completed trial). The annualized rate of device explant was 3.5% (all causes), and 1.1% due to inadequate pain relief. Total incidence of device explantation >3 years was 7.6% (n = 98). Of these, 32 subjects (2.5%) indicated inadequate pain relief as cause for removal. Implant site infection (11 events) was the most common device-related serious adverse event (<1%). Conclusion: This prospective, global, real-world study demonstrates a high-level of safety for SCS with low rate of explant/serious adverse events. © 2023 The Authors.Open access articleThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

A contribuição dos estudos transculturais dos países latino-americanos e caribenhos para a revisão da CID-10: resultados preliminares The contribution of Latin American and Caribbean countries on culture bound syndromes studies for the ICD-10 revision: key findings from a working in progress

OBJETIVO: Esta revisão visa identificar as evidências dos estudos de países da América Latina e do Caribe para a inclusão das síndromes transculturais na versão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças para sua 11ª Edição. MÉTODO: Os estudos foram identificados nas bases do Medline, LILACS e EMBASE, no período de 1992 a 2008, e classificados segundo o tipo de estudo, tipo de transtorno, país e número de publicações por ano. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionadas e classificadas 163 publicações: 33 no Medline, 90 no EMBASE e 40 no LILACS. A percentagem das síndromes transculturais ("culture bound-syndrome") correspondeu a 9% no Medline, 12% no EMBASE e 2,5% no LILACS. Dos 15 estudos sobre síndromes transculturais, dois eram sobre "nervios e ataque de nervios", dois sobre "susto", quatro sobre a relação entre crenças religiosas, "feitiçaria", transe e apresentação dos transtornos mentais, um sobre proposta de uma nova categoria diagnóstica, três artigos teóricos e três sobre psicopatoplastia dos transtornos mentais. CONCLUSÃO: A escassez de estudos sobre síndromes transculturais pode ter ocorrido pela dificuldade em rastrear os estudos por problema de indexação das publicações, falta de interesse em publicar tais estudos em periódicos indexados e a dificuldade de acesso às publicações. Dentre os estudos identificados, não há uma evidência clara que aponte quais modificações são necessárias nas classificações diagnósticas atuais.<br>OBJECTIVE: This review aims to verify the scientific evidences for the inclusion of culture bound syndromes in the International Classification of Diseases towards its 11th edition based on studies from Latin American and Caribbean countries. METHOD: Studies were identified in Medline, LILACS and EMBASE databases for the period between 1992 and 2008, and then classified according to the type of study, to the mental disorder, country and number of publications per year. RESULTS: 163 studies were selected and classified: 33 in MedlLne, 90 in EMBASE e 40 in LILACS. The percentage of culture bound-syndrome corresponded to 9% in Medline, 12% in EMBASE e 2.5% in LILACS. Among fifteen studies on cultural bound syndromes, two were about "nervios and ataque de nervios", two about "susto", four about the relationship between religion beliefs, witchery, trance and mental disorders, one with a proposal for new diagnostic category, three about theoretic issues and three about the pathoplasty of mental disorders. CONCLUSION: The scarcity of studies on culture bound syndromes might be due to the indexation problems hindering the screening of studies; lack of interest on publishing such studies in indexed journals (publication bias) and due to difficulty to access them. There is no robust evidence identified among cross-cultural studies to recommend changes for International Classification of Diseases-11th edition