Necrose da haste: uma nova virose da soja no Brasil.

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Pathogenicity molecular characterization, and cercosporin content of brazilian isolates of Cercospora kikucchii.

Cercospora kikuchii está envolvido na desfolha da soja (Glycine max), normalmente em associação com Septoria glycines, no final do ciclo da cultura. Setenta e dois isolados, obtidos principalmente de sementes com mancha púrpura e oriundas de diferentes regiões do Brasil, mostraram variabilidade fenotípica. O teor de cercosporina e a velocidade de crescimento de colônias foram bastante variáveis entre os isolados. Uma forte correlação foi identificada entre o teor de cercosporina e virulência. Diferenças genéticas, entre e dentro da população analisada, foram observadas por RAPD com a análise de 8610ci. As análises de RAPD permitiram agrupar os isolados em sete grupos. Nenhuma relação foi identificada entre os grupos de RAPD e a origem geográfica ou teor de cercosporina. A sequência da região espaçadora do DNA ribossomal (ITSI-5,8S-ITS2) foi determinada em 13 isolados escolhidos nos diferentes agrupamentos. A similaridade das sequências obtidas comparadas às sequências de C. kikuchii depositadas no GenBank (AY266160, AY266262, AYl52577 e AF291708) variou de 97 a 100%. Este trabalho demonstrou que os isolados brasileiros de C. kikuchii de diferentes origens são variáveis quanto à virulência, aos padrões de RAPD e ao teor de cercosporina. O teor de cercosporina pode ser um bom parâmetro na escolha de um isolado adequado para seleção de cultivares tolerantes ou resistentes a esse patógeno. Considerando que ele é facilmente transmitido por sementes não é surpresa encontrar os mesmos haplotipos em diferentes regiões. A migração poderia ser favorecida por sementes infetadas como demonslrado na análise de RAPD

Necrose da haste da soja.

Estudos etiológicos; Levantamento da doença e novas ocorrências; Propriedades do gênero Carlavirus; Histórico de virose similar no Brasil; Variabilidade entre isolados do vírus; Determinação de resistência em cultivares de soja; Considerações finais.bitstream/CNPSO-2010/24143/1/doc221.pd

Characterization of powdery mildews strains from soybean, bean, sunflower, and weeds in Brazil using rDNA-ITS sequences.

Soybean powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa) was considered a minor disease in Brazil in the decades immediately after its identification. However, since the outbreak in 1996/97 in all cultivated areas the disease has become a constant threat to farmers and losses of up to 25% have been reported. The report of a new species, E. glycines, infecting soybean in Japan, and the occurrence of the disease in other plant species (Phaseolus vulgaris, Helianthus annuus,Sonchus oleraceus,Hypochaeris brasiliensis, and Bidens pilosa) commonly found growing nearby soybean fields, raised questions in relation to the taxonomy of the powdery mildew strains found in or around soybean fields in Brazil. Analysis of the internal transcribed sequence (ITS) of the rDNA was undertaken to ascertain the pathogen species associated to each of the hosts. Powdery mildew strains isolated from Glycine max were identified as E. diffusa. Strains from P. vulgaris were very similar to E. diffusa, with 4 nt differences, and differed from Erysiphe poligony by 11 nt. Strains from H. annuus and S. oleraceus grouped with the species Golovinomyces cichoracearum, while strains from H. brasiliensis and B. pilosa were similar to Podosphaera fusca and Neoerysiphe cumminsiana, respectively. To our knowledge this is the first molecular identification of powdery mildew in Brazil based on rDNA sequence comparison. In addition, this study presented evidence for the occurrence of N. cumminsiana in America.Made available in DSpace on 2011-10-08T01:02:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 28865.pdf: 190972 bytes, checksum: a695c2f5cde507fd4978926dbdb1979e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-17200

Characterization of powdery mildews strains from soybean, bean, sunflower, and weeds in Brazil using rDNA-ITS sequences.

Soybean powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa) was considered a minor disease in Brazil in the decades immediately after its identification. However, since the outbreak in 1996/97 in all cultivated areas the disease has become a constant threat to farmers and losses of up to 25% have been reported. The report of a new species, E. glycines, infecting soybean in Japan, and the occurrence of the disease in other plant species (Phaseolus vulgaris, Helianthus annuus,Sonchus oleraceus,Hypochaeris brasiliensis, and Bidens pilosa) commonly found growing nearby soybean fields, raised questions in relation to the taxonomy of the powdery mildew strains found in or around soybean fields in Brazil. Analysis of the internal transcribed sequence (ITS) of the rDNA was undertaken to ascertain the pathogen species associated to each of the hosts. Powdery mildew strains isolated from Glycine max were identified as E. diffusa. Strains from P. vulgaris were very similar to E. diffusa, with 4 nt differences, and differed from Erysiphe poligony by 11 nt. Strains from H. annuus and S. oleraceus grouped with the species Golovinomyces cichoracearum, while strains from H. brasiliensis and B. pilosa were similar to Podosphaera fusca and Neoerysiphe cumminsiana, respectively. To our knowledge this is the first molecular identification of powdery mildew in Brazil based on rDNA sequence comparison. In addition, this study presented evidence for the occurrence of N. cumminsiana in America

Detection and partial characterization of a carlavirus causing stem necrosis of soybean in Brazil.

Stunting and stem necrosis were noticed in soybeans (Glycine max) grown in 2000/2001 in West Central Brazil the same condition was also observed in the following year in plantations as far as 2,000 km from the initial area. Based on transmission (mechanical, graft, insect vector), purification and serology, electron microscopy and molecular studies the causal agent was determined to be a whitefly-borne carlavirus which is possibly related to Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV). Additional keywords: Cowpea mild mottle virus, whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B

Detection and partial characterization of a carlavirus causing stem necrosis of soybean in Brazil

No ano agrícola de 2000/2001, ocorreu um surto de nanismo e necrose da haste em soja (Glycine max) plantada em duas áreas do Brasil Central e na safra seguinte, esta anomalia foi constatada em outras regiões produtoras, mesmo distantes mais de 2.000 km de onde fora inicialmente constatada. Estudos envolvendo ensaios de transmissão (enxertia, mecânica e insetos vetores), microscopia eletrônica, purificação, sorologia e ensaios moleculares indicaram que a enfermidade foi causada por um carlavirus transmitido por mosca branca, possivelmente relacionado ao Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV).Stunting and stem necrosis were noticed in soybeans (Glycine max) grown in 2000/2001 in West Central Brazil the same condition was also observed in the following year in plantations as far as 2,000 km from the initial area. Based on transmission (mechanical, graft, insect vector), purification and serology, electron microscopy and molecular studies the causal agent was determined to be a whitefly-borne carlavirus which is possibly related to Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV)