Az elmélet átültetése a gyakorlatba, avagy a hallgatói zsebműhold az űrben várakozáson felül teljesít: Theory put into practice or pocket-satellite constructed by students works over expectation

A pocket-satellite called SMOG-P was launched into space on December 6, 2019. It has been working excellently ever since. Its volume is eight times smaller than its predecessor. The size of SMOG-P is 5 x 5 x 5 cm3. The pocket-satellite is equipped with GaAs-based quantum-well solar cell. Of the satellites launched simultaneously, only ours is functional now. According to expert opinions, rival satellites failed in the process of the installation of the solar cell. In this paper, the satellite is shortly described and afterward we focus on the GaAs-based solar cells. Kivonat A SMOG-P nevű zsebműholdat 2019. december 6-án lőtték ki a világűrbe. Azóta is kifogástalanul működik. A zseb-műhold elődjéhez képest nyolcad akkora térfogatú. Mérete 5 x 5 x 5 cm3. A műholdra GaAs-alapú kvantumvölgyes napelem került. A műholdunkkal azonos időben kilőtt berendezések közül csak a miénk működik. A szakértők szerint a vetélytársak a napelem-installáláson buktak el. Jelen dolgozatunkban röviden bemutatjuk a műholdat majd a GaAs napelemre fókuszálunk

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348