1,332 research outputs found

    Nutritive value and physical characteristics of Xaraes palisadegrass as affected by grazing strategy

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    The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the defoliation frequency based on a fixed rest period would generate variable sward structural and physiological conditions at each subsequent grazing event. The relative importance of the physiological age was established in comparison with the chronological age in the determination of the forage nutritive value of Xaraes palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst ex A. RICH.) STAPF. cv. Xaraes]. Two grazing frequencies were defined by light interception (LI) at initiation of grazing (95% LI - ""target grazing"" [TG] or 100% LI - ""delayed grazing"" [DG]) and one based on chronological time, grazing every 28 days (28-d). Forage produced under the TG schedule was mostly leaves (93%) with a higher concentration of crude protein (CP; 138 g/kg in the whole forage), a lower concentrations of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in the stems (740 g/kg), and higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the leaves (690 g/kg), compared to the other treatments. Lower grazing frequency strategies (DG and 28-d) resulted in forage with higher proportions of stems (10 and 9%, respectively). Strategies based on light interception did not produce pre-graze forage with a uniform nutritive value, as the indicators varied across grazing cycles. The treatment based on fixed days of rest did not result in uniformity.FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo

    Quantificação da necessidade de volumosos.

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    Conhecer a necessidade futura de forragem do rebanho contribui para organizar a propriedade e aumentar a lucratividade do sistema de produção em pastagens.bitstream/item/72347/1/Leite-DPA-Outubro-2012.pdf-felipe-tonato.pd

    Desenvolvimento de modelos preditores de acúmulo de forragem em pastagens tropicais com base em variáveis meteorológicas.

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    Objetivou-se modelar uma estrutura de banco de dados, identificar e quantificar atributos condicionantes do acúmulo de forragens no Brasil central e desenvolver modelos estimadores do acúmulo de forragem potencial com base em parâmetros climáticos. Dados de experimentos com cultivares do gênero Cynodon, Panicum e Brachiaria e registros climáticos diários para o local e período experimentais foram cadastrados em um banco de dados relacional. O banco de dados permitiu gerar listagens ordenadas das taxas médias de acúmulo de forragem (TMA), temperatura média (Tmed), máxima (Tmax), mínima (Tmin), radiação global incidente (Rad) e dias do ano (DA) para cada período de crescimento. Realizaram-se regressões lineares simples e múltiplas com variáveis climáticas como regressoras e TMA como variável resposta. O modelo com Tmin como variável independente se destacou com os melhores valores para o coeficiente de determinação (R2), critério de Akaike (AIC) e critério Bayesiano (BIC), sendo adotado como padrão. Os modelos foram agrupados com o teste de coincidência em B1 (Marandu, Basilisk e Arapoty, TMA=-94.92+8.19Tmin); B2 (Capiporã e Xaraés, TMA=-128.07+10.66Tmin); C1 (Tifton 85 e Estrela, TMA=-84.69+9.06Tmin); C2 (Coastcross, Florico e Florona, TMA=-67.01+7.97Tmin); P1 (Atlas e Mombaça, TMA=-55.22+6.36Tmin) e P2 (Tanzânia e Tobiatã, TMA=-29.15+5.93Tmin)

    Dry Matter Yield, \u3ci\u3ein Vitro\u3c/i\u3e Digestibility, Protein and Fiber Composition of \u27Tifton 9\u27 Bahiagrass (\u3ci\u3ePaspalum notatum\u3c/i\u3e) at Six Maturities

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    The objective of this research was to evaluate dry matter yield, in vitro digestibility, and the concentrations of protein and cell wall components in \u27Tifton 9’clipped at six maturities. Herbage was cut at the age of 20, 27, 34, 41, 48 and 55 days. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with six trataments (ages) and four replications. Dry matter yield and acid detergent fiber ranged from 188 g m-2, to 593 g m-2 and 386.9 g kg-1 to 375.1 g kg-1 respectively, with the cubic regression model having the best fit (P\u3c 0.05). Concentrations of crude protein decreased linearly (P\u3c 0.05) from 121 to 69 g kg-1. Neutral detergent fiber concentration and “in vitro” digestibility, were not affected (P\u3e 0.05) by maturity, in the range studied. Dry matter yield, digestibility and concentration of fiber components presented values similar to other tropical forages, whereas the crude protein remained above 100.5 g kg-1, only until the 27th day, according to the regression model

    Uso e Cobertura da Terra do Complexo Petroquímico do Rio de Janeiro em 2009.

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    bitstream/item/68854/1/Uso-e-Cobertura-da-Terra-do-Complexo-Petroquimico-do-Rio-de-Janeiro-em-2009.pd

    Marco inicial do monitoramento do uso e cobertura da terra do COMPERJ.

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    bitstream/item/68853/1/RelatUsoTerra-06-julho-Embrapa-Solos.pd

    Distribuição de frequência da altura do capim-marandu sob lotação contínua e taxa de lotação variável em sistemas de produção animal.

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    PT-BR: O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever e explicar a distribuição da frequência da altura do capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) sob lotação contínua e taxa de lotação variável em sistemas de produção animal. O experimento foi em delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, com avaliação de 2 sistemas de produção em 4 repetições. A distribuição da altura foi caracterizada com auxílio de histogramas, e os parâmetros média, moda, assimetria e curtose foram calculados para cada tratamento. A altura nos sistemas de produção foi semelhante (p = 0,888) com média de 37 cm. Os sistemas silvipastoril e pecuária tiveram distribuição acentuada (0,44 e 0,47 de curtose, respectivamente). A assimetria do sistema silvipastoril foi 0,209614 e da pecuária foi de -0,19529, valores considerados normais. Para o período avaliado, a distribuição da altura nos sistemas de produção silvipastoril e pecuária não distinguiram, possivelmente, devido ao sistema silvipastoril ter níveis de radiação adequados para desenvolvimento da forragem. | EN: The objective with this study was to describe and explain the frequency distribution of marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) under continuous stocking rate and variable stocking rate in animal production systems. The experiment was a randomized complete block design, with 2 production systems in 4 replicates. The height distribution was characterized using histograms, and the mean, mode, skewness and kurtosis parameters were calculated for each system. The sward height was similar in the systems (p = 0.888), with 37 cm. Both treatments had a marked distribution (0.44 and 0.47 of kurtosis for silvopastoral and livestock systems, respectively). The asymmetry of the silvopastoral system was 0.209614 and livestock systems was -0.1959, which were considered normal. For the period evaluated, the height distribution in silvopastoral and livestock production systems did not distinguish, possibly due to the silvopastoral system, which have enough radiation levels for forage development

    Prediction of Herbage Accumulation of \u3ci\u3eCynodon\u3c/i\u3e Grasses by an Empirical Model Based on Temperature and Daylength

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    The objective of this work was to estimate dry matter production of Cynodon grasses as a function of photothermal units (PU). Total PU values were calculated for the period from February 1 to April 24, 1996, from a location in southeastern Brazil. Regression analysis was run between PU and herbage production from a published data set on five Cynodon cultivars, with an r2 of 0.9983. Differences between measured and estimated values were under 5%. Model testing using an independent data set on herbage dry matter production from grazed Cynodon pastures showed an overestimation, probably due to water deficit during the experimental period. In addition, grazing intensity may have been a reason for the less than optimal fit. The model was adequate in predicting the variation in production potential throughout the periods studied although modifications to include the effect of water balance, nitrogen fertilization and defoliation intensity may allow for better predictions under sub-optimal environmental conditions and varying management strategies

    Métodos para mensuração da altura em capim-marandu sob pastejo em lotação contínua e taxa de lotação variável em sistemas integrados.

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    PT-BR: Métodos que sejam capazes de mensurar com acurácia a altura do dossel são necessários para que ajustes da taxa de lotação animal em sistemas silvipastoril. O objetivo foi comparar métodos para mensuração da altura do dossel forrageiro em sistemas silvipastoril manejados sob lotação contínua e taxa de lotação variável. O delineamento foi em blocos completos casualizados, com avaliação de dois métodos (?zig zag? e sistematizado) para determinação da altura do dossel, em dois sistemas silvipastoril. Não houve diferença (p = 0,4015) entre os métodos de mensuração da altura do dossel no sistema silvipastoril. A altura média do dossel foi de 35,06 cm (erro padrão da média = 0,6138 cm). Independentemente do método utilizado para avaliação da altura do dossel forrageiro do capim-marandu no sistema silvipastoril, não há distinção entre métodos. | EN: Methods that are able to measure of the canopy height with accuracy are necessary for adjustments of the animal stocking rate in silvopastoral systems. The objective was to compare methods of canopy height measuring in silvopastoral systems managed under continuous stocking and variable stocking rate. The design was in randomized complete blocks, with evaluation of two methods (?zig zag? and systematized) was used to determine the canopy height in two silvopastoral systems. There was no difference (p = 0.4015) between the canopy height measurement methods in the silvopastoral system. The average height of the canopy was 35.06 cm (standard error of the mean = 0.6138 cm). Regardless of the method used to evaluate the height of the forage canopy of the marandu palisadgrass in the silvopastoral system, there is no distinction between methods
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