THREE MAIN PATHOGENS THAT AFFECT APPLES DURING STORAGE AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON FRUITS QUALITY

The postharvest pathogens that infect apples during storage period affect fruits quality and lead to important economic losses worldwide every year. Three appreciated apple varieties (Golden Delicious, Jonathan, Starkimson) have been evaluated for the incidence of main storage pathogens that operate in fruits (Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructigena) and their impact on fruits quality. The results emphasized negative correlation between water content and dry matter for all apple varieties affected by storage pathogens. Despite the fact that were not significant differences between apple varieties, Golden Delicious has been recorded the lowest water content (74,62% for fruits affected by Penicillium expansum, 77,87% for fruits affected by Botrytis cinerea and 74,68% for fruits affected by Monilinia fructigena) and highest dry matter (24,63% for fruits affected by Penicillium expansum, 25,38% for fruits affected by Botrytis cinerea and 21,86% for fruits affected by Monilinia fructigena). Potassium and Phosphorus content decreased, while Iron content increased for all apple varieties affected by pathogens. The sugar content decreased with almost 20% for apple fruits, the lowest values for all varieties have been recorded in case of Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructigena attack. The highest raw protein values have been determined to all apple varieties affected by Monilinia fructigena (Golden Delicious 0,69g, Jonathan 0,89g and Starkimson 0,52g). The study revealed that apple quality during storage depends on the variety susceptibility, postharvest fruit health, fruit mineral composition, fungal inoculum and storage conditions

PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF MAIZE AND SORGHUM CROPS IN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF IALOMITA COUNTY

Three conventional tillage methods combined with two fertilizing levels werecompared using two different maize and sorghum hybrids in terms of yields and quality yields parameters (test weight and 1000-kernel weight). Autumn plow and N120P70 fertilizing treatment determined the higher yields and quality parameters values for both maize and sorghum. Fertilizing treatment with N120P70 lead to significant yield increases with 11-19 q/ha for maize and 8 q/ha for sorghum. On three years average the best yield results were recorded by Partizan (maize hybrid) and Fundulea 21 (sorghum

INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT, A SUSTAINABLE OPTION FOR WHEAT GROWERS WORLDWIDE

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) worldwide, mainly caused by Fusariumgraminearum-telemorphGibberellazeae – leading to important yield losses, reduced seed quality and accumulation of mycotoxins such as Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Nivalenol (NIV) which are injurious to both human and animal health. Management of FHB and the associated mycotoxins have not been achieved by any single control measure. An integrated approach which includes resistant varieties, chemical and biological control and cultural control measures is critical to obtain the most efficient FHB management. The use of resistant varieties is very much welcomed by resource-poor farmers because it does not require additional cost and is environment-friendly

GENETIC AND CHEMICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGE RYE LEAF RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA F.SP. SECALIS) IN NATURAL CONDITIONS FROM MARGINAL AREAS

Pathogens and pests are predicted to spread to areas where they were previously irrelevant due to climate change and human-induced changes, posing new management issues for crops, especially in cropping systems based on minimal cereal crop diversification. In temperate areas of Central and Eastern Europe, rye (Secale cereale) is a minor cereal that contributes to crops diversification particularly in marginal situations where soil and climate are unfavorable for wheat production. During 2021-2022 growing season, a plant–pest-pathogen interaction profile was observed on four rye genotypes (Binnto, Inspector, Serafino, Suceveana) and also was observed the effect of different chemical and biological pesticide formulations on rye leaf rust in a randomized complete block design with three replications in dry area from Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni in South of Romania. Among all evaluated rye genotypes the greatest resistance was noticed in Serafino that recorded the lowest AUDPC value (51,76), while the most susceptible was Suceveana genotype with AUDPC = 279,55.  The best protection against leaf rust was provided by Poliversum (the 1st assessment – attack degree = 3,23%; the 2nd assessment – attack degree = 7,56%). Negative and significant correlation of leaf rust attack degrees with grain yield (r =-0,9393***) were found during 2021-2022 cropping season

PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF MAIZE AND SORGHUM CROPS IN NATURAL CONDITIONS FROM SOUTH AREA

Profitability is one of the most important economic parameters taken into account when it carries out an economic activity. The aim of the paper was to establishment maize and grain sorghum productivity and profitability under the influence of tillage methods on different fertilizing levels in the conditions of Ialomiţa County. Economic efficiency was evaluated using specific economic indicators (production cost, net profit and net profit rate) in terms to establish which of two crops performs better. Considering specific climatic regime sorghum showed a better tolerance than maize for water stress and high temperatures so could be further expanded in areas frequently haunted by drought. In dry years sorghum showed profit rate of 145% (Fundulea 21) comparatively with maize (127%-Partizan) in the same technological conditions. Replacing maize with sorghum is proportional to the intensity and frequent droughts in areas targeted to be cultivate

Field Crop Production 44th Croatian & 4th International Symposium on Agriculture 606 The Fertilizing Influence on Pyrenophora tritici repentis attack in Agricultural Research and Development Station Simnic area

Abstract Tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici repentis has gained predominance among foliar wheat diseases in the most of the wheat growing areas in the world. In the last years tan spot has become also an important wheat disease in ARDS Şimnic area. The present paper is focus on the fertilizing influence on Pyrenophora tritici repentis attack on a set of 25 winter wheat cultivars evaluated for their response to natural infection under field conditions. The pathogen attack degree was calculated in three times in vegetation T1 (Z44), T2 (Z51) and T3 (Z59). There was higher attack degree on unfertilized plots, while the attack degree was lower on fertilized plots (N100P40). The high attack degree show the cultivars sensitivity to pathogen attack, as Autan, while the low attack degree show a good cultivars behavior to pathogen attack, as Renesansa, Serina and Martina, which realized also good yields. These data suggest that nitrogen fertilizers appear to reduce disease by delaying natural leaf senescence but don`t have a direct effect on Pyrenophora tritici repentis