Biological preservative in whole crop wheat ensilage

Ensilage of whole crop wheat is popular in Europe and America for feeding of ruminant animals, but it is quite rare in Hungary. It can be introduced for replacement of shortage of silomaize silages in drought season. The quality of wheat silage could improve by biological inoculants. Silage additives are expected to ensure a more efficient fermentation phase as well as reduce the risk of aerobic deterioration when silages are exposed to air. Many additives have been developed to improve the ensiling process and nutritive value of silage. Nowadays the 3rd generation biological inoculants –containing lactic acid bacteria and enzymes – are used in order to coordinate the fermentation in such a way that they increase lactic acid production at the beginning of the fermentation and improve the quality and stability of silage during the fermentation and feeding. The quality of raw material (maturity of plant, chop length, spreading of inoculant uniformly) and the proper filling, compacting, covering and wrapping have a great influence on the effectiveness of the inoculant. The mycotoxin content of malfermented silages is an undesirable risk factor. The objective of our research was to determine the effect of two silage inoculant strains Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus acidilactici mixture combined with amilase-, glucanase-, xylanase and galactomannase enzymes on whole crop wheat silage fermentation characteristics, nutritive value and aerobic stability compare to untreated control. Experimental ensilage procedure started with the basic whole crop raw material originated from waxen ripeness of wheat (hard cheddar stage of maturity of seeds) at the time of harvesting. The DM content of chopped raw material was 44%. The LAB inoculants were applied to raw material at 2.5x105 CFU/g fresh material (FM). Because of quite good quality of untreated silages also, the priority of LAB treatment could not proven in the aerobic stability test. The biological preservative (LAB+enzymes) promoted better fermentation and forced back the undesirable butyric acid production in the silages

Chemical and microbiological characteristic of silomaize ensiled with some lactic acid bacteria strains

The object of the trial was to study the effect of some lactic acid bacteria strains on the chemical composition, energy- and metabolisable protein (MP) content, microbiological characteristics and in-silo weight and dry matter losses of whole crop maize silages. The whole plant maize raw material was 32% DM, in soft cheddar stage of grain ripeness. It was ensiled in 4.2 litre capacity glass micro-size silos in 5 replicates /each treatment and stored on constant 25 °C room temperature on day 95. The average packing desity was 211kg DM/m3 The applied treatments: 1. Untreated control, 2. Enterococcus faecium 100.000 CFU/g FM, 3. Lactobacillus plantarum 50.000 CFU/g + Enterococcus faecium 50.000 CFU/g, 4. Lactococcus lactis 100.000 CFU/g, Lactobacillus plantarum 50.000 CFU + Lactococcus lactis 50.000 CFU/g, 6. Lactobacillus plantarum 100.000 CFU The main experiences are the following: Chemical composition of whole crop maize silages treated by lactic acid bacteria strains are significantly differed from the control in some cases on P 5% level but the nutritive value (energy and MP content) of silages did not change significantly compare to the control untreated silage. Number of yeast and mould CFU of control silage was the highest (4.5 x 104 CFU/g FM) among all kind of treated ones, which was significant on P 1% level. Weight loss and DM loss were lower in all of the lactic acid bacteria treated silages in general than it was measured in the control silage. Least weight loss and one-third of DM loss was detected in Lactobacillus plantarum 000 CFU/g treated silage among all kind of silages. &nbsp

Effect of a multivitamin preparation supplemented with phytosterol on serum lipids and infarct size in rats fed with normal and high cholesterol diet

BACKGROUND: Although complex multivitamin products are widely used as dietary supplements to maintain health or as special medical food in certain diseases, the effects of these products were not investigated in hyperlipidemia which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, here we investigated if a preparation developed for human use containing different vitamins, minerals and trace elements enriched with phytosterol (VMTP) affects the severity of experimental hyperlipidemia as well as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were fed a normal or cholesterol-enriched (2% cholesterol + 0.25% cholate) diet for 12 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia. From week 8, rats in both groups were fed with a VMTP preparation or placebo for 4 weeks. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were measured at week 0, 8 and 12. At week 12, hearts were isolated, perfused according to Langendorff and subjected to a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 120 min reperfusion to measure infarct size. RESULTS: At week 8, cholesterol-fed rats showed significantly higher serum cholesterol level as compared to normal animals, however, serum triglyceride level did not change. VMTP treatment significantly decreased serum cholesterol level in the hyperlipidemic group by week 12 without affecting triglyceride levels. However, VMTP did not show beneficial effect on infarct size. The inflammatory marker hs-CRP and the antioxidant uric acid were also not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration that treatment of hyperlipidemic subjects with a VMTP preparation reduces serum cholesterol, the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, it does not provide cardioprotection

Populációgenetikai paraméterek, tenyészértékek, fenotípusos és genetikai trendek limousin tehenek első ellési életkorára

Some environmental effects, population genetic parameters, breeding value of Limousin breeding bulls, also phenotypic and genetic trends in the age at first calving (AFC) of cows between 1992 and 2013 were estimated. Data were served by the Limousin and Blonde d’Aquitaine Breeders Association, in Hungary. The study was extended to three herds and 1157 cows. GLM method was used for the study of different effects, the BLUP animal model for estimation of population genetic parameters and breeding values (BV), and one-way linear regression analysis for trend calculations. The overall mean value of the AFC was estimated to be 34.7±0.4 months. The contribution of the evaluated factors to the phenotype was as follows: herd 73.51%, birth year of cow 13.02%, sire 6.74%, birth season of cow 1.62%. The heritability of AFC proved to be low (h2 = 0.08±0.07 and h2 = 0.01±0.04). There were relatively small differences in the estimated BV of the studied sires for the AFC. Based on the phenotypic trend calculation, the AFC of cows decreased by an average of 0.33 months per year, however no significant change was found in the genetic trend during the study period.A Szerzők a Limousin és Blonde d’Aquitaine Tenyésztők Egyesületének országos adatbázisát felhasználva néhány környezeti tényező hatását vizsgálták limousin tehenek első ellési életkorára vonatkozóan 1992 és 2013 között. A munka során az első elléskori életkor populációgenetikai paramétereit, a tenyészbikák tenyészértékét, valamint a tulajdonság fenotípusos és genetikai trendjét is megbecsülték. A munkát három nagy tehénlétszámmal rendelkező tenyészetre és 1157 tehénre terjesztették ki. A környezeti tényezők hatásának vizsgálatára GLM (univariate analysis of variance) eljárást, a populációgenetikai paraméterek és tenyészértékek meghatározására BLUP egyedmodellt, a fenotípusos és genetikai trend számításához egytényezős lineáris regresszió analízist használtak. Az első ellési életkor átlaga 34,7±0,4 hónap volt. A környezeti tényezők szerepe a fenotípus kialakításában a következőképp alakult: tenyészet 73,51%, születési év 13,02%, apa 6,74%, születési évszak 1,62%. Az első elléskori életkor tulajdonság öröklődhetősége kicsi volt (h2 = 0,08±0,07 and h2 = 0,01±0,04). A tenyészbikák első ellési életkor tulajdonságra becsült tenyészértéke között meglehetősen kicsi különbségeket találtak. A fenotípusos trendszámítás eredményei alapján a vizsgált időszakban a limousin tehenek első ellési életkora évenként 0,33 hónappal csökkent. A genetikai trendszámítás eredményei nem jeleztek érdemi változást a vizsgált tulajdonság átlagos tenyészértékének évenkénti alakulásában

Researches regarding the production capacity and quality of alfalfa in crisurilor plain condition

Nitrogen supply through mineral fertilization affects nitrogen biological fixation process in legume plants, even though plants can directly absorb the mineral N. For species such as alfalfa, in addition to the inhibitory effect, mineral fertilization decreases the useful life of the crop and the quality of protein in the dry matter According to some authors there is a positive response in biomass production for N application only in excess of 100 kg ha-1 year. The aim of this paper is to find conditions resulting in higher production of alfalfa under different variants of fertilisation in Batar conditions, Bihor county and the chemical analysis of this forage. The research was carried out in the experimental fields that belong to the society SC Frevest SRL from Batăr locality, Bihor county, the experiment being placed on a chernozem argiloiluvial soil. The experimental setup was randomized block design, in three repetitions, the plot surface being 45 m2 . Sowing was made on October 5th 2010. In order to determine the production, the harvesting was done at 61st phenophase (beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers open) of alfalfa (the extended BBCH-scale, general). Considering the analyses regarding alfalfa production capacity the biggest production of green mass was obtained at N50P50K50+ N100 fertilization variant of 47.00 t ha-1. The differences are statistically assured as very significant and have been registered between alfalfa production obtained at variant N50P50K50 (25.7 t ha-1) and variant N50P50K50 + N50 (42.3 t ha-1); variant N50P50K50 (25.7 t ha-1) and variant N50P50K50 + N100 (47.0 t ha-1): variant N50P50K50 + N50 (42.3 t ha-1) and variant N50P50K50 + N100 (47.0 t ha-1). Regarding the chemical composition of the yield of N50P50K50+ N100 fertilization variant we can conclude: crude protein content is 178.7 g/kg, crude fiber content is 302.4 g/kg, NDF is 520.8 g/kg, ADF is 307.6 g/kg and ADL is 91.9 content on dry matter basis (kg DM)

Investigation regarding the production capacity of triticale under different variant of nitrogen

Some authors say that nitrogen supply through mineral fertilization affects nitrogen biological fixation process in legume plants, Triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack), resulting from crossing between wheat and rye, has the potential to introduce valuable economic benefits to both grain and herbage production systems. Others say that triticale produces at least 20% more forage than wheat, and is higher in forage quality than rye or wheat and triticale has agronomic advantages, it can be grown on more marginal land (arid, acidic, etc.) and requires less agricultural chemicals (fertilizer, agronomic chemicals, etc.). For this triticale seems to be an interesting alternative to other cereals, particularly bread wheat, in environments where growing conditions are unfavorable or in low-input systems. The aim of this paper is to find the maximum production of triticale taking under different variant with chemical fertilisation in Batăr conditions, Bihor county and the chemical composition of this. The research was carried out in the experimental fields that belong to the society SC Frevest SRL from Batăr locality, Bihor county, the experience being placed on a chernozem argiloiluvial soil. The biggest production of triticale obtained in 2012, under different fertilisation variant was registered at N50P50K50 + N100 variant (5,4 t.ha -1 ), which shows us, that exist significant statistic differences between the production obtained at fertilisation variant N50P50K50 + N100 (5,4 t.ha-1 ) and the production obtained at fertilized variant N50P50K50 that have obtained 4,8 t.ha-1 . Regarding the chemical composition we can conclude that: the dry matter content is 88.56%, crude protein content is 134.41 g/kg, crude fiber content is 17.4 g/kg, NDF is 470.27 g/kg, ADF is 22.13 g/kg and ADL is 18.45 g/kg, content on 1000 g fresh matter

Metabolic syndrome influences cardiac gene expression pattern at the transcript level in male ZDF rats

Background: Metabolic syndrome (coexisting visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension) is a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, however, its effect on cardiac gene expression pattern is unclear. Therefore, we examined the possible alterations in cardiac gene expression pattern in male Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, a model of metabolic syndrome. Methods: Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured at 6, 16, and 25 wk of age in male ZDF and lean control rats. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 16 and 25 wk of age. At week 25, total RNA was isolated from the myocardium and assayed by rat oligonucleotide microarray for 14921 genes. Expression of selected genes was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Results: Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly increased, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were impaired in ZDF rats compared to leans. In hearts of ZDF rats, 36 genes showed significant up-regulation and 49 genes showed down-regulation as compared to lean controls. Genes with significantly altered expression in the heart due to metabolic syndrome includes functional clusters of metabolism (e.g. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2; argininosuccinate synthetase; 2-amino-3ketobutyrate-coenzyme A ligase), structural proteins (e.g. myosin IXA; aggrecan1), signal transduction (e. g. activating transcription factor 3; phospholipase A2; insulin responsive sequence DNA binding protein-1) stress response (e.g. heat shock 70kD protein 1A; heat shock protein 60; glutathione S-transferase Yc2 subunit), ion channels and receptors (e.g. ATPase, (Na+)/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide; ATPase, H+/K+ transporting, nongastric, alpha polypeptide). Moreover some other genes with no definite functional clusters were also changed such as e. g. S100 calcium binding protein A3; ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1; interleukin 18. Gene ontology analysis revealed several significantly enriched functional inter-relationships between genes influenced by metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome significantly alters cardiac gene expression profile which may be involved in development of cardiac pathologies in the presence of metabolic syndrome